CN109844222A - 介孔二氧化硅的用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
有机官能化介孔二氧化硅在用于再生纸生产中的用途;有机官能化介孔二氧化硅包括基底介孔二氧化硅,该基底介孔二氧化硅在其表面上包含具有以下通式(I)的基团,其中Si1为基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子,R1为C1‑C5脂肪族基团;R2选自由以下组成的组中:C1‑C5脂肪族基团和与基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子;并且R3选自由以下组成的组中:羟基、C1‑C5脂肪族基团和与基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机官能化二氧化硅的用途和用于生产纸材料(特别是用于食品接触的纸材料)的方法。
背景技术
无论是原生纸还是再生纸,都含有高水平(高达数千mg/kg或ppm)的矿物油(MOH-矿物油烃类,其含有有毒的饱和馏分-MOSH和致癌芳香馏分-MOAH,[JECFA,联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员会的第59次报告(2002年),WHO/TRSn.913]),其来源于纸材料所经历的印刷过程。干扰内分泌系统的物质,比如邻苯二甲酸盐,也经常在这些物质存在于胶水后在纸中发现和在用于包装纸的材料中发现。矿物油是胶印工艺中使用的颜料的溶剂。当从原生纤维素和再生纸两者中获得的纸/纸板用于食品(例如鸡蛋、茶、意大利面、冷冻食品、早餐谷物、比萨饼等)时,上述矿物油的挥发性成分(含有多达25个碳原子的MOSH和MOAH)迁移到食品中(Lorenzini等2010;Saturated and aromaticmineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging:Estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from themarket;Food Additives and Contaminants-Part A Chemistry,Analysis,Control,Exposure and Risk Assessment;27:1765-1774)。
目前,大多数食品生产商和经销商(例如Barilla和Coop)通过改用原生纸用于它们的食品包装来克服来自纸的矿物油的食品污染,因为现有技术(通过屏障保护的再生纸)在切割和包装步骤中不能实现纸板的最佳可加工性的,并且不能确保令人满意地保护食品免受来自纸和/或硬纸板中矿物油污染的损害(Lommatzsch等,Functional barriers oradsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycledcardboard into dry food.Eur.Food Res Technol.DOI 10.1007/s00217-016-26726)。
相反,向纸中加入活性炭允许良好地保护食品,但是给予所生产的纸材料以及用其再生的纸材料以深色,其可以用来生产瓦楞硬纸板(不与食品接触的三级包装-Lommatzsch等,2016.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration ofmineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food.Eur.Food ResTechnol.DOI 10.1007/s00217-016-26726),但在用于食品接触的纸和硬纸板中并不总是符合期望的。
目前可用的技术不允许安全使用再生纸用于食品接触。这种情况明显背离目前将废料减少到最低限度的需求。
本发明的目的是提供有机官能化二氧化硅的用途和纸的生产方法,其使至少部分地克服现有技术的缺点成为可能,同时其是容易且成本低廉地生产。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了在如下独立权利要求中且优选地,在直接或间接地从属于独立权利要求的权利要求中的任一项中所描述的有机官能化二氧化硅的用途。
除非明确地相反指出,否则以下术语具有如下所示的含义。
在本文中,“脂肪族基团”意为非芳族且未取代的烃(除非另有说明),饱和或不饱和的、直链、支链和/或环状的。脂肪族基团的非限制性实例为:叔丁基、乙烯基、1-丙烯基或2-丙烯基、环己基。
在本文中,Cx-Cy指表示具有x至y个碳原子的基团。
在本文中,“烷基”意为饱和脂肪族基团(即,没有碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键的脂肪族基团)。烷基的非限制性实例为:甲基、正丙基、叔丁基、环己基。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述本发明,附图图示本发明的一些非限制性实施方式,其中:
-图1为MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的热谱图和热谱图的导数(失重-%-纵坐标;温度-℃-横坐标);
-图2为MCM-41-Si(CH3)3已经与MOH保持接触后的热谱图和热谱图的导数(失重-%-纵坐标;温度-℃-横坐标);
-图3为根据本发明的方法的图;
-图4为a)MCM-41、b)MCM-41-Si(CH3)3、c)MOH吸附后的MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的FT-IR光谱(吸光度-任意单位-纵坐标;波数-cm-1-横坐标)。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了有机官能化介孔二氧化硅在用于生产纸材料(特别是浅色纸材料)(比如纸和/或硬纸板)中的用途。换句话说,提供了一种生产纸材料的方法,该方法提供了有机官能化介孔二氧化硅的用途。
有利地但非必要地,该用途提供了从先前使用的纸材料,更确切地从(被来自胶印的油墨)弄脏的纸和/或硬纸板和/或类似物开始生产纸材料。换句话说,特别地提出了有机官能化介孔二氧化硅在用于生产再生纸材料(比如纸和/或硬纸板)(特别是浅色纸材料;更特别是白色纸材料)中的用途。
有机官能化介孔二氧化硅包括基底介孔二氧化硅,该基底介孔二氧化硅在其表面上具有下列通式(I)的基团:
其中Si1为基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子;R1为C1-C5脂肪族基团;R2选自由以下组成的组中:C1-C5脂肪族基团和与基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子;R3选自由以下组成的组中:羟基、C1-C5脂肪族基团和与基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子。
有机官能化介孔二氧化硅的用途令人惊讶地使得MOH从获得的纸向外部环境的迁移显著降低。当所述纸用于与食品接触时,这尤其有用。因此,根据本发明的用途有利地(但不唯一地)应用于食品用纸材料(浅色纸材料,特别是白色纸材料)的生产。
在这方面,重要的是发现了有机官能化介孔二氧化硅令人惊讶地表现出对MOH的特别高的亲和力,该MOH被二氧化硅稳定地吸附。
在这种情况下,还已经通过实验观察到,在含有一定量矿物填料(通常为高岭土和/或碳酸钙)(以改善材料的机械性能)的硬纸板和纸板中,纸中滞留MOH及其随后与食品接触的释放问题尤其明显。因此,已证明根据本发明的用途在重复使用含有矿物填料的纸材料(例如硬纸板和/或卡片)中特别有用。
根据IUPAC制定的定义,介孔材料意为孔径大于2nm且小于50nm的材料(Rouquerol,J.;Avnir,D.;Fairbridge,C.W.;Everett,D.H.;Haynes,J.M.;Pernicone,N.;Ramsay,J.D.F.;Sing,K.S.W.;Unger,K.K.(1994)。"Recommendations for thecharacterization of porous solids(Technical Report)"。测量孔隙率(更确切地,孔径)可以参考Pure and Applied Chemistry 66(8)根据BJH和NLDFT方法提供的描述,其记录于:S.Lowell、J.E.Shields、M.A.Thomas和M.Thommes:Characterisation of poroussolids and powders:Surface area,pore size and density.2004Kluwer AcademicPublisher ISBN 1-4020-2302-2。
特别地,有机官能化介孔二氧化硅的孔径为1nm至20nm(更确切地,2nm至16nm)。在一些情况下,有机官能化介孔二氧化硅具有至少600m2g-1(特别地至少650m2g-1)的表面积;更确切地,有机官能化介孔二氧化硅具有多达1200m2g-1(特别地多达1100m2g-1)的表面积,其具体根据S.Lowell、J.E.Shields、M.A.Thomas和M.Thommes在以下中指出的BET方法测量:Characterisation of porous solids and powders:Surface area,pore size anddensity.2004Kluwer Academic Publisher ISBN1-4020-2302-2。
有利地但非必要地,基底介孔二氧化硅选自由以下组成的组中:MCM-41(参见,例如,“Synthesis of highly ordered MCM-41silica with spherical particles”,Zukala,Matthias Thommesb,Microporous and MesoporousMaterials,第104卷,第1-3期,2007年8月23日,第52-58页,doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.01.004)、SBA-15(及其组合)(参见,例如,Katiyar,Amit;Yadav,Santosh;G,Panagiotis;Neville,Smirniotis;Pinto,G(2006)."Synthesis of orderedlarge pore SBA-15 spherical particles for adsorption of biomolecules".Journalof Chromatography 1122(1–2):13–20.doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.055.PMID16716334;“Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous silica(SBA-15andSBA-16)for adsorption of biomolecules”,Sandra Maria Lopes dos Santos,KarinaAlexandre Barros Nogueira,Marlon de Souza Gama,Jeann Diniz Ferreira Lima,Ivanildo Joséda Silva Júnior,Diana Cristina Silva de Azeved;Microporous andMesoporous Materials,第180卷,2013年11月1日,第284-292页,doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.06.043。
特别地,基底介孔二氧化硅包括(为)MCM-41。
根据一些非限制性实施方式,当R2和R3为脂肪族基团(特别地,烷基)时,R1、R2和R3为C1-C3。可替换地或另外,R2和R3为各自与基底介孔二氧化硅的相应硅原子键合的氧原子。
在一些情况下,R1为C3-C5(烷基)。
在一些情况下,R1为烷基;R2和R3各自彼此独立地选自由以下组成的组中:烷基和与基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子。特别地,R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为脂肪族基团(更特别地,烷基)。
有利地但非必要地,R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为C1-C5脂肪族基团(特别地,烷基)。特别地,R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为C1-C3。在某些特定情况下,R1、R2和R3各自为甲基。
根据一些具体实施方式,基底介孔二氧化硅在其表面上包含具有选自由以下组成的组中的式子的基团:
其中每个Si1为基底介孔二氧化硅的相应硅原子。
更特别地,基底介孔二氧化硅在其表面上包含具有式(II)的基团。
特别地,该用途包括混合步骤,在混合步骤期间将有机官能化介孔二氧化硅和纸浆混合以获得工作混合物。
根据一些非限制性实施方式,纸浆通过浆化(slushing)步骤获得,在浆化步骤期间纸(特别地,研磨的纸)用水浆化以获得纸浆。
在一些情况下,该用途还包括切割步骤,在切割步骤期间研磨纸(特别地,弄脏的纸;更特别地,用油墨弄脏的纸)以获得研磨的纸。
有利地但非必要地,该用途还包括洗涤步骤(其至少部分地在混合步骤之后),在洗涤步骤期间使工作混合物与水接触以获得经洗涤的纸浆。特别地,在洗涤步骤期间,使水流过工作混合物。更确切地,在洗涤步骤期间,使水流流过工作混合物和过滤器,该过滤器(至少部分地)保留工作混合物(防止水夹带工作混合物)。
特别地,该用途包括成形步骤,在成形步骤期间,经洗涤的纸浆用于生产由纸材料制成的产品。更确切地,纸材料为纸或硬纸板(片)。
在一些情况下,该用途包括回收步骤,在此期间,在混合步骤之后和成形步骤之前,至少部分有机官能化介孔二氧化硅与纸浆分离。
有利地但非必要地,在混合步骤期间,使尺寸(直径)大于1mm(特别地,大于5mm)的颗粒(粒料和/或整料)与纤维素纸浆接触;这些颗粒(粒料和/或整料)包括有机官能化介孔二氧化硅(特别地,由其组成)。
根据一些非限制性实施方式,颗粒的尺寸小于2cm。
颗粒(包括粒料和/或整料)尺寸意为颗粒本身的尺寸(直径),其通过随后的筛分使用具有递减的孔尺寸的筛获得。不允许颗粒通过的第一筛的孔径表示颗粒的尺寸(或直径)。
在一些情况下,在混合步骤期间,使粒料与纤维素纸浆接触。
粒料可以根据不同的已知技术生产,其中我们提到以下描述的那些:Topka等2011(Preparation of Al–SBA-15 pellets with low amount of additives:Effect ofbinder content on texture and mechanical properties.Application to Friedel–Crafts alkylation.Chem Eng J 168:433–440)、Han等2014(Synthesis andcharacterization of high-surface-area millimeter-sized silica beads withhierarchical multi-modal pore structure by the addition ofagar.Mat.Charact.9:31–39)、Sharma等2012(Amine modified and pelletizedmesoporous materials:Synthesis,textural–mechanical characterization andapplication in adsorptive separation of carbon dioxide.Powder Technology 219:86–98)以及Lind等2003(Spherical silica agglomerates possessing hierarchicalporosity prepared by spray drying of MCM-41and MCM-48nanospheres.Microp.andMesop.Mat.66:219–227)其中比表面积有限损失(至多最少5%)。
在一些情况下,在混合步骤期间,使整料与纤维素纸浆接触。根据各种实施例,整料可具有不同的形状(例如,它们可以为圆柱形的)。
可以使用不同的已知技术生产整料,其中我们引用以下描述的那些:Liang等2002(Use of gel-casting to prepare HPLC monolithic silica columns with uniformmesopores and tunable macrochannels.CHEM.COMMUN.2680-2681),其中可根据需要调节微孔和介孔尺寸。
有机官能化的粒料和整料可以容易地从纸浆中回收,使得有可能获得具有降低的MOH含量的纸浆。以这种方式,有可能进一步改善所获得的纸材料的安全性,进一步降低随后可能从纸材料迁移到食品中的MOH的量。
有利地但非必要地,该用途包括再生步骤,该再生步骤在回收步骤之后并且在此期间(至少部分)MOH和/或MOSH从已经与纸浆(纸和/或经洗涤的纸)分离的介孔二氧化硅中除去(更确切地,从粒料或整料中除去)。特别地,在再生步骤期间,将有机官能化介孔二氧化硅加热(将粒料或整料加热)至多达400℃的温度(更特别地,多达300℃)。有利地,在再生步骤期间,将有机官能化介孔二氧化硅加热(将粒料加热)到至少150℃(更特别地,至少200℃)的温度。
应注意,回收步骤也可在低于1atm的压力下进行。在这些情况下,将有机官能化介孔二氧化硅加热至低于上述温度的温度。
以这种方式,可以再次使用有机官能化介孔二氧化硅(粒料或整料)用于另外的混合步骤,因此降低另外的纸浆中的MOH含量。
在一些情况下(因此),该用途至少包括另外的混合步骤(以与上述混合步骤相同的方式定义),该混合步骤在回收步骤(和再生步骤)之后并且在该混合步骤期间将至少部分有机官能化介孔二氧化硅(在回收和再生步骤后获得)和至少部分另外的纸浆混合,以获得另外的工作混合物。
有利地但非必要地,该用途还包括另外的工作混合物的另外的洗涤步骤(以与上述洗涤步骤相同的方式定义),以获得另外的经洗涤的纸浆;和另外的成形步骤(以与上述成形步骤相同的方式定义),在该成形步骤期间使用另外的经洗涤的纸浆。
在一些情况下,提供了其他另外的回收、再生、混合、洗涤、成形步骤等。
图3示意性地图示了所描述的用途的实施方式的具体和非限制性示例,其中附图标记1表示将研磨的纸进料到用于生产纸浆的单元2(碎浆机);附图标记3表示将有机官能化介孔二氧化硅进料到单元2中。在单元2中发生浆化和混合步骤。将由此获得的工作混合物4送至洗涤装置5,在洗涤装置5中使用自来水6进行洗涤步骤并且洗涤装置5包括过滤器。
在纸制浆过程结束时,粒料或整料位于碎浆机2中,或者如果提供的话,位于洗涤装置5中。来自装置5的经洗涤的纸浆8用于成形装置9中以获得纸张10。
除非明确地相反指出,否则本文中引用的参考文献(文章、书籍、专利申请等)的内容在本文中全部引用。特别地,所提及的参考文献通过引用并入本文。
从以下纯粹说明性和非限制性实施例的描述中,本发明的另外的特征将是明显的。
实施例1
该实施例说明了用于生产一些起始材料的程序。
矿物油:针对其组成(分别为87.5重量%的脂肪族烃和12.5重量%的芳族烃)选择标准共混物Paraset 32H(Petrochem Carless,Leatherhead-UK)。
SBA-15-Si(CH3)3和MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的合成:根据以下描述的程序合成材料:Batonneau-Gener等2010(Tailoring the Hydrophobic Character of MesoporousSilica by Silylation for VOC Removal.Separation Science and Technology.2010/03/22;45:768-775)。简言之,按照以下程序进行MCM-41和SBA-15的表面有机官能化:将2g每种固体置于三颈烧瓶中并加热至200℃保持2小时。在热处理之后,在氮气流下将材料冷却至室温,然后加入40ml无水甲苯(Carlo Erba,分析水平)。最后,滴加相当于约420μl(99.9%,Sigma-Aldrich)的2×10-3摩尔的六甲基二硅氮烷,并将反应混合物在110℃下保持3小时。随后,回收有机官能化材料并在烘箱中在40℃下干燥24小时。有机官能化的SBA-15和MCM-41分别称为SBA-15-Si(CH3)3和MCM-41-Si(CH3)3,并且通过热重分析TGA测定的接枝到二氧化硅上的有机分子的百分比分别为有机官能化材料的重量的4.1%和2.7%。
所获得的材料具有表1中所示的特征。
表1
回收的纸:为了生产高度污染的再生纸,使用了五份新的意大利报纸(2014年10月22日印刷的“Il Giornale”),含有大量的MOH(>3000mg kg-1干重,见表4)。为了使所生产的纸浆和纸张中存在的MOH水平最大化,选择具有最重颜色部分的页面,并立即处理所选择的材料以减少MOH通过蒸发损失。使用和不使用添加剂MCM-41-Si(CH3)3生产的再生纸是选择相同的页面所获得的。在处理纸浆和生产纸之前,使用办公碎纸机(GBC,USA)将页面切割成2cm×2cm的碎片。
实施例2
该实施例描述了对各种类型的有机官能化二氧化硅进行的吸附测试。
评价表1中所示的材料从水中吸附MOH的能力。
将约50mg的每种吸附材料插入2mL微量离心管(Safe-Lock)中。向每个管中加入2mL水和350μl矿物油(在15℃下d 0.836g/ml)。观察到得到的悬浮液分离成如下三相:吸附剂为固相;含有MOH的可溶部分的水溶液以及作为不同液相的矿物油。将悬浮液在室温下在磁力搅拌下保持一夜。停止搅拌后,用棉签除去残留的上清液矿物油,并且将剩余的悬浮液以15000rpm离心15分钟。然后使用巴斯德移液器从每个管中移除水溶液,同时将留在管内的吸附剂在烘箱中在40℃下干燥24小时。对SBA-15-Si(CH3)3和MCM-41-Si(CH3)3有机官能化对照材料(即,不含矿物油)进行相同的测试以进行比较。
通过热重分析(TGA-DTG)测定每种吸附剂吸附的MOH的量,并与对照材料上进行的分析进行比较。此外,通过红外光谱(FT-IR;参见图4,其中a)为MCM-41的光谱;b)为MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的光谱;c)为MOH吸附后的MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的光谱)研究了吸附在MCM-41-Si(CH3)3上的MOH物质的性质。通过Tensor27光谱仪(Bruker,USA)记录IR光谱,该光谱仪提供有IR池,其中KBr窗口永久地连接到真空管线(残余压力≤1×10-4mbar)。
在IR分析之前,将5mg吸附剂与20mg KBr(Sigma-Aldrich)混合,并用SPECAC(UK)机械压力机在5吨cm-2的压力下快速制成粒料。然后将粒料置于IR池中并经受约2×10- 2mbar的压力10秒以进一步脱水。分析对照吸附剂的样品(即不与MOH接触的材料)以进行比较。
测量每种吸附剂吸附的矿物油(MOH)的量,比较吸附矿物油之前和之后每种吸附剂的TGA。根据收集的数据,具有最高MOH吸附能力的两种吸附剂为SBA-15-Si(CH3)3和MCM-41-Si(CH3)3(分别为318质量%和184质量%的吸附剂)。图1和图2显示了在吸附矿物油之前和之后MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的热谱图(TGA)和热谱图(DTG)的导数。关于对照材料(即,未与MOH接触的MCM-41-Si(CH3)3;图1),在大于400℃的温度下最稳定的失重(约2.7%)(在DTG曲线中集中在500℃左右的负峰)是由于源自消除与二氧化硅键合的甲基(消除有机官能化)的物质的释放造成。考虑到在高温下释放有机官能性,可以认为有机官能化材料在低于400℃的温度下是高度稳定的(即它不会失去有机官能化)。
与MOH接触的MCM-41-Si(CH3)3的TG/DTG分析(图2),由于在300℃内释放MOH,而表现出约65重量%的稳定失重。因此,吸附剂能够吸附MOH至其重量的318%。在热谱图中,在超过400℃的温度下发生的甲基的损失是不明显的,因为它们相对于由于MOH引起的失重的百分比低。在低于300℃的温度下MOH的损失是有机官能化材料的良好热再生性的标志(在超过400℃的温度下有机官能化受损)。
实施例3
该实施例描述了再生纸的生产。在图3中示意性地图示该过程。
将回收的纸(如实施例1中所述获得)插入用于生产纸浆的单元2中,用水和吸附剂进行浆化和均质化。随后在洗涤单元5中洗涤由此获得的悬浮液。收集经洗涤的纸浆并且制备纸张,该过程在为此目的的典型的装置9中进行。
纸浆生产步骤:将50g(干重)回收纸和0.5g吸附相MCM-41-Si(CH3)3与1200mL自来水(pH7.2)在40℃下根据ISO 5263的要求在标准实验室破碎仪(Enrico Toniolo,Italy)(对应于图3中的单元2)中混合10分钟,直到纸张被浆化。重复该过程两次,以便总共获得100g添加有吸附剂的再生纸浆。生产类似量的不含吸附剂的纸浆作为参考样品。测定两种纸浆中的MOH含量。
洗涤步骤:将纸浆(100g)分散在约2.4L的自来水中并放置在Somerville分馏器(Lorentzen&Wettre,Sweden)中(对应于图3的单元5)。洗涤单元配备有位于底部的筛孔尺寸为150(孔径105μm)的网,并且作为能够保留纤维素纤维的洗涤机器来操作。向该单元供应自来水,流量为4.7升min-1,持续15分钟。根据相同条件洗涤对照纸浆(不含吸附剂)。
再生纸张的生产:将约50g经洗涤的纸浆(含有和不含MCM-41-Si(CH3)3)在约5L的自来水中稀释,均质化并用于根据ISO 5269-2使用标准Rapid-Kothen设备(Estanit GmbH,Germany-纸张成形器)(对应于图3的装置9)生产再生纸张。然后将具有克重140g m-2的再生纸张在93℃和-950mbar下真空干燥10分钟。
实施例4
该实施例描述了纤维素材料中的MOH分析。
如以下所述测定具有不同湿度的纤维素(报纸、纸浆、经洗涤的纸浆)的MOH含量:Lorenzini等2010(Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycledpaperboard to dry food:Monitoring of two real cases.Food Additives andContaminants-Part A Chemistry,Analysis,Control,Exposure and RiskAssessment.30:760-770)。简而言之,将对应于约1g干重的湿样品(具体地,纸浆和经洗涤的纸浆)放置在具有磨口玻璃盖的100mL烧瓶中,并加入25mL乙醇(95%HPLC水平,J.T.Baker)。然后将烧瓶放置在Intercontinental Suprema水平搅拌器上。搅拌1小时后,向每个烧瓶中加入20mL正己烷(分析水平,Carlo Erba SPA)并将悬浮液搅拌一夜。将样品静置1小时,随后加入约10ml水以允许更好地分离乙醇相和正己烷相。除了使用5mL(而不是25mL)乙醇和5mL(而不是20mL)正己烷以外,使干样品(具体地,回收纸)经受与上述湿样品的相同的程序。
最后,收集5mL正己烷,并根据EPA 8015D 2003方法通过GC-FID分析MOH含量(表示为具有大于12的碳数的烃的分数-不区分脂肪族组分和芳族组分)。
表3显示了获得的结果(分析误差<1%)。
表3
根据获得的数据,新印刷的报纸含有超过3000mg MOH kg-1干质量。
对照纸浆的MOH含量(638.5mg kg-1)为报纸中测定的含量(3125mg kg-1)的20%,表明机械分解作用是吸附的烃释放到纤维素纤维中的原因。值得注意的是,在添加剂(吸附剂)存在下生产的纸浆相对于对照显示出高出三分之一的MOH含量(961.5mg kg-1)。较高的MOH含量证明了吸附剂对烃的高亲和力。洗涤后,对于对照和添加有吸附剂的样品,MOH含量分别进一步降低至回收纸(报纸Il Giornale)中最初含有量的16%和20%。
随后,在纸张成形期间,在成形条件(93℃和-950mbar,10分钟)之后,MOH的量与纸浆中的含量成比例地下降。具有添加剂的纸和对照中的MOH含量分别为286mk kg-1和236mkkg-1。
实施例5
该实施例描述了纸浆的光学性质的分析。
在通过在布氏漏斗上过滤恰当量的纸浆获得的重量为225g m-2的纸浆盘上测量光学性质(ISO亮度和油墨消除-IE700)。根据ISO 2470-1:2009(CIE Illuminant C)测量ISO亮度。获得的结果表示在下表4中。
表4
对于具有添加剂的样品和对照,根据INGEDE 2:2014方法测量的墨水消除(IE700)分别为75.0%和74.3%。
鉴于在纸浆生产和洗涤步骤期间在具有添加剂的样品和对照样品之间没有发现亮度差异的事实,可以得出结论,添加剂的存在不会改变材料的光学质量。
实施例6
该实施例描述了MOSH和MOAH从再生纸张向食品迁移的分析(在Chelab Silliker-Accredia lab n°0144、Tuscany lab 016实验室中进行的名为Silliker 004MPPFCM040Rev 2 2012的GC-FID方法)。
使用MOH含量低于定量限(LOQ=0.5mg kg-1)的硬质小麦粉(粗面粉)用于这些测试。
将用添加剂MCM-41-Si(CH3)3生产的再生纸张与硬质小麦粉接触,并在40℃下进行加速迁移试验15天。
表5显示了在迁移试验之前和之后在纸和食品样品中测量的MOH水平及其饱和组分(MOSH)和芳香族组分(MOAH)。表5表示了C≤24的烃组分,因为最近的研究(Lorenzini等2013;Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled paperboardto dry food:Monitoring of two real cases.Food Additives and Contaminants-PartA Chemistry,Analysis,Control,Exposure and Risk Assessment.30:760-770)显示碳氢化合物迁移C≥25可以忽略不计。
关于原料(加速迁移试验的第0天),具有添加剂(272mg kg-1干质量)的纸张的MOH含量比对照的MOH含量(220mg kg-1干质量)高25%,因此与用EPA 8015D2003方法进行的分析相符(见表4)。由于Silliker 004MPP FCM040Rev 2 2012和EPA 8015D 2003方法考虑了不同的碳氢化合物馏分(前者为C≤24的馏分,后者为C>12的馏分),结果之间的直接比较是不正确的,即使它们在数值上相似。
表5
在迁移试验完成后,对照纸将其MOH含量(92mg kg-1干重)降低至初始量的40%,并且稳定量的MOH已经转移至面粉中(20.4mg kg-1干重)。
当用具有添加剂的纸张进行迁移试验时,纸的MOH水平为初始量的88%,而面粉仅为8%。如果我们认为具有添加剂的纸中的初始MOH含量大于对照(分别为272.0kg-1干重和220.0kg-1干重),则该阳性结果甚至更令人关注。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机官能化介孔二氧化硅在用于生产纸材料中的用途;所述有机官能化介孔二氧化硅包括基底介孔二氧化硅,所述基底介孔二氧化硅在其表面上包含具有以下通式(I)的基团:
其中Si1为基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子;R1为C1-C5脂肪族基团;R2选自由以下组成的组中:C1-C5脂肪族基团和与所述基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子;R3选自由以下组成的组中:羟基、C1-C5脂肪族基团和与所述基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述基底介孔二氧化硅选自由以下组成的组中:MCM-41、SBA-15及其组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中R1为烷基;R2和R3各自彼此独立地选自由以下组成的组中:烷基和与所述基底介孔二氧化硅的硅原子键合的氧原子。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其中R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为C1-C5脂肪族基团,特别地为C1-C5烷基。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其中R1、R2和R3为C1-C3烷基,特别地,它们各自为甲基。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其包括混合步骤,在所述混合步骤期间将所述有机官能化介孔二氧化硅和纸浆混合以获得工作混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其包括浆化步骤,在所述浆化步骤期间,纸用水浆化以获得纸浆;洗涤步骤,所述洗涤步骤至少部分地在所述混合步骤之后并且在所述洗涤步骤期间使所述工作混合物与水接触以获得经洗涤的纸浆;和成形步骤,在所述成形步骤期间,所述经洗涤的纸浆用于生产由纸材料制成的产品(特别是纸张或硬纸板)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其包括回收步骤,在所述回收步骤期间,在所述混合步骤之后和所述成形步骤之前,将至少部分所述有机官能化介孔二氧化硅与所述纸浆分离。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其具有混合步骤,在所述混合步骤期间使尺寸大于1mm的颗粒(特别是粒料和/或整料)与纤维素纸浆接触;所述颗粒(特别是所述粒料和/或所述整料)包括所述有机官能化介孔二氧化硅。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的用途,其包括再生步骤,所述再生步骤在所述回收步骤之后,并且在所述再生步骤期间从先前与所述纸浆分离的所述有机官能化介孔二氧化硅中除去至少部分MOH。
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