CN109825268B - Mining composite thin spraying material and preparation and use method thereof - Google Patents
Mining composite thin spraying material and preparation and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining composite thin spraying material and a preparation and use method thereof, wherein the mining composite thin spraying material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of decarburized fly ash, 0.5-2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of film forming agent, 1% of dispersing auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.4% of thickening agent, 1-2% of silane coupling agent and the balance of water. When the composite thin-spraying plugging agent is used, the prepared composite thin-spraying material is placed in an open type bin of a spraying machine, the operation site is cleaned firstly when the plugging agent is used in a place needing plugging, after each layer of guniting is finished, the interval is 1-2 d, and secondary re-spraying plugging is carried out after the original spraying layer is completely dried. The mining composite thin-spraying material has the characteristics of good flame retardant property, good oxidation resistance, strong sealing property and good leakage blocking effect, can effectively inhibit the oxidation of coal walls, is flame-retardant and antistatic, blocks gas within a certain period, and slows down the gas overrun; the construction method has the advantages of quick construction, low dust, no resilience, good flexibility, difficult cracking, safety and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mine flame-retardant plugging materials, and particularly relates to a mining composite thin spraying material and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
With the gradual increase of the mining degree of coal mines, at present, tens of thousands of kilometers of newly excavated roadways are formed in China every year, and a plurality of roadways form a huge mine mining system. Therefore, the stability and maintenance of the roadway support system play a key role in safe and efficient production of mines.
In the process of supporting underground roadway mining in China, anchor rod supporting is used as a common supporting mode, metal nets are fixed on the surfaces of reinforced rock ores through anchor rods to form anchor rod metal net combined top protection, and then guniting reinforcement is carried out. However, due to the harsh underground environment, the wet environment often causes severe corrosion of the metal anchor nets and severe weathering of the exterior of the shotcrete roadway, which poses a serious threat to the safety of roadway workers. Meanwhile, in recent years, the refuge chamber as an emergency refuge facility is an important underground building for workers to carry out emergency refuge in case of mine accidents, but because the underground environment is severe, the refuge chamber is inevitably arranged in coal rocks sometimes, and the refuge chamber may be disturbed by gas leakage, accumulation and overrun, so that the life safety of refugees is greatly threatened.
At present, severe underground mining environment has great threat to surrounding rock weathering and erosion of a roadway anchoring part, a argillaceous cemented roof has low strength, is easy to break, has good water permeability, and provides a channel for fracture water. Although the roadway and the anchoring parts can be well protected by adopting guniting isolation, the concrete layer bears the loads of surrounding rocks of the roadway and the like, and the guniting layer can generate other forms of damage such as swelling, shearing and the like, so that the sealing effect is not ideal. Due to the effects of anchor rod spacing, surrounding rock sinking and the like, large deformation occurs between the rods, the elasticity of the solidified concrete is weak, and the sprayed layer is easy to peel off the rock mass and fall off. After the concrete sprayed layer is hardened, a blocky cement plate is formed in the square lattices of the anchor rods at the peripheral corner points, cracks are formed at first from the weak positions of the cement plate under the action of tensile stress, and the cracks continuously extend outwards to be expanded and are separated from surrounding rocks to fall off. Therefore, in the anchor-shotcrete support damage phenomenon, the concrete shotcrete layer is broken and falls off, which is a common damage phenomenon, and the efficiency and safety of the underground coal mine are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining composite thin-spraying material which has good sealing property, can improve the supporting strength of a roadway and an anchoring part, can control gas, is not easy to crack, and is safe and reliable.
The invention also aims to provide the preparation method of the mining composite thin spraying material, which is simple to operate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mining composite thin spray material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of decarburized fly ash, 0.5-2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of film forming agent, 1% of dispersing auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.4% of thickening agent, 1-2% of silane coupling agent and the balance of water.
Preferably, the mining composite thin spraying material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of decarburized fly ash, 2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of film forming agent, 1% of dispersing aid, 0.4% of thickening agent, 2% of silane coupling agent and the balance of water.
The diameter of the graphene nano powder is 10-50 mu m.
The film forming agent is ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate, and has the advantages of good stability, excellent water resistance, strong adhesive force, high drying speed, difficult cracking of the formed film and good construction performance.
The dispersing auxiliary agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDS) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDBS), has good surface activity and stronger hydrophilicity, has outstanding viscosity and plasticity when wetted, has small surface shrinkage after drying, basically has no cracks, and can obviously improve the leveling property and the suspension property of the coating.
The thickening agent is sodium polyacrylate, has excellent film coating performance, can be used as a good thickening agent, and has the advantages of good water resistance and chemical resistance, fast drying and convenient construction.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mining composite thin spraying material, which comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, putting graphene nano powder and a silane coupling agent into a certain amount of water according to a ratio, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 1200-1500 r/min, and then performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a stable graphene dispersion liquid;
adding the film forming agent into the graphene dispersion liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1600-2000 r/min for 20min to obtain a base material;
and step three, adding the dispersing aid and the thickening agent into the base material in sequence, finally adding the decarburized fly ash, stirring the obtained mixed solution for 20min at 1600-2000 r/min, and storing for later use.
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the mining composite thin spraying material, which is simple and rapid in construction and convenient to convey.
The invention provides a using method of the mining composite thin spraying material, which comprises the following specific steps: placing the prepared composite thin spraying material in an open type bin of a spraying machine, cleaning an operation site firstly when the spraying material is used in a place needing plugging, removing obstacles on the operation surface, and removing pumice on an excavation surface, rock slag at a corner and deposits; embedding a mark for controlling the thickness of the sprayed cement-based slurry; cleaning the coal rock wall and the metal net, and uniformly spraying the materials; after each layer of guniting is finished, secondary re-spraying leakage stoppage is carried out at intervals of 1-2 d after the original guniting layer is completely dried, so that the coating structure is more stable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the thin spraying material overcomes the defects of low efficiency, high consumption, serious pollution and the like in the traditional spraying material system, can achieve the effect of traditional guniting, can be quickly constructed, and greatly improves the tunneling speed; the construction method has the advantages of low dust, no rebound, environmental protection and material saving; the flexibility is good, the cracking is not easy, the cracking does not hurt people, and the safety and the reliability are realized;
2. the thin spray material has the characteristics of good flame retardant property, good oxidation resistance, strong sealing property and good leakage blocking effect, can effectively inhibit the oxidation of coal walls, is flame-retardant and antistatic, blocks gas within a certain period, and slows down the gas overrun;
3. in the thin spraying process, the spraying support means is easy to master and control, strong adaptability and simple operation, the construction labor intensity is effectively reduced, and the construction speed is improved;
4. the thin spraying process system is flexible to move and convenient to convey, reduces a large amount of auxiliary transportation and other auxiliary workloads, and has practical significance for relieving mine underground transportation;
5. the thin spraying has good sealing performance and smooth surface, and is beneficial to mine ventilation.
6. The thin spraying technology provides guarantee for high yield and high efficiency of a mine and acceleration of development and maintenance speed of a roadway, and has the advantages of remarkable economic effect, good social benefit and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the mining composite thin spraying material.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application of the mining composite thin-spraying material in refuge chamber gas control.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing gas fractions of refuge chambers before and after thin blasting.
Fig. 4 is an illustration of the mining composite thin-blasting material of the invention for roadway reinforcement.
Fig. 5 is an illustration of an embodiment of the composite thin-jet material for mining of the invention for plugging upper and lower corners.
In the figure, 1-anchor spraying support protective layer, 2-functional layer, 3-sealing layer, 4-decorative layer, 5-chamber, 6-metal net, 7-roadway wall, 8-spray head, 9-upper corner metal net, 10-lower corner metal net, 11-end bracket and 12-thin spraying layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1
A mining composite thin spray material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of decarburized fly ash, 0.5% of graphene nano powder, 15% of ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate, 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.2% of sodium polyacrylate, 1% of silane coupling agent and the balance of water.
Example 2
A mining composite thin spray material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of decarburized fly ash, 1% of graphene nano powder, 15% of ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3% of sodium polyacrylate, 1% of silane coupling agent and the balance of water.
Example 3
A mining composite thin spray material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of decarburized fly ash, 2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate, 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.4% of sodium polyacrylate, 2% of a silane coupling agent and the balance of water.
The decarburized fly ash is used as an inorganic filler, the impermeability, the bonding strength and the tensile strength of the coal mine underground roadway spraying material are effectively improved by the decarburized fly ash, and the tiny particles are filled in slurry gaps to refine capillary gaps, so that the compactness of the material is improved, the water absorption rate is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
The graphene nano powder serving as a novel antioxidant material can be filled in holes, defects and gaps of a spraying material, can rapidly change the permeability of a matrix, reduce the gas concentration, enhance the shielding effect of a coating, and can play an antioxidant role on the surface of coal. The diameter is 10-50 μm, the purity is more than 95 wt%, and the thickness is 3 nm.
The ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate is used as a film forming agent, has excellent water resistance, strong adhesive force, high drying speed, difficult cracking of the formed film and good construction performance.
The anionic surfactant serving as a dispersing aid has good surface activity and strong hydrophilicity, has outstanding viscosity and plasticity when wetted, has small surface shrinkage after drying and basically has no cracks, and can remarkably improve the leveling property and the suspension property of the coating.
The sodium polyacrylate is used as a thickening agent, so that the coating has excellent performance, good water resistance and chemical resistance, quick drying and convenient construction.
The silane coupling agent can effectively improve the dispersibility and the adhesive force of the filler in the composite material.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing prepared graphene nano powder and a silane coupling agent into purified water, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 1200-1500 r/min, and then placing the graphene nano powder and the silane coupling agent into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a stable graphene dispersion liquid;
step two, adding the ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate solution into the graphene dispersion liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1600-2000 r/min for 20min to obtain a base material;
and step three, sequentially adding the Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS)/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), sodium polyacrylate and other auxiliaries into the base material, finally adding the decarburized fly ash, stirring the obtained mixed solution for 20min at 1600-2000 r/min, and storing the material for later use.
The prepared thin spraying material is subjected to flame retardant and oxidation resistance tests, and compared with common spraying material fly ash, the heat release rate peak value (PHRR), the total heat release rate (THR) and the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of various materials are respectively obtained, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Various indexes show that the flame retardant and oxidation resistance of the common spraying material can be obviously improved by the composite thin spraying material prepared by the invention.
TABLE 1 flame retardant and antioxidant Properties test
| Sample (I) | PHRR(KW·m-2) | THR(MJ·m-2) | LOI(％) |
| Fly ash material | 1320.12 | 100.5 | 17 |
| Example 1 | 898.52 | 86.52 | 21.4 |
| Example 2 | 758.64 | 83.22 | 21.8 |
| Example 3 | 732.55 | 80.57 | 21.7 |
When the thin spraying material is applied under a mine, the prepared thin spraying material is placed in an open type bin of a spraying machine by combining a powder spraying machine, and the bin can store the spraying material at normal temperature so as to be matched with the spraying machine to apply the uniformly mixed spraying material to a specific area on site.
When the spray material is used in a place needing plugging, cleaning an operation site, removing obstacles on an operation surface, and removing pumice on an excavation surface, rock slag at a corner and deposits; embedding a mark for controlling the thickness of the sprayed cement-based slurry; cleaning the coal rock wall and the metal net to ensure that the materials are sprayed uniformly. After each layer of guniting is finished, secondary re-spraying plugging is carried out at intervals of 1-2 d after the original spraying layer is completely dried, so that a better effect is achieved, and the coating structure is more stable.
The composite thin spraying material prepared in the embodiment 3 is taken as an example and is respectively applied to gas control, roadway reinforcement and upper and lower corner plugging of the refuge chamber.
Application example 1
As shown in figure 2, the development of the thin spraying material has great significance for preventing the gas leakage problem of the underground refuge chamber. As can be seen from figure 2, for the newly built refuge chamber 5, the thin-blasting material can be used as a multi-layer structure of the newly built refuge chamber 5 for enclosing surrounding rocks. The wall rock to the interior of the chamber 5 can be divided into 4 layers, and the layer 1 is an anchor spray supporting layer 1 formed by thin spray materials and anchor rods; the 2 nd layer can be called as a functional layer 2, the layer mainly adopts reinforced concrete to realize reinforced support, and a lining layer with heat preservation and insulation effects can be added according to the requirement to deal with a high-ground-temperature mine; the 3 rd layer is a sealing layer 3, the thin spraying material is used for sealing the existing support layer, and double insurance is established for avoiding harmful gas; the 4 th layer is a decorative layer 4 which can be arranged or not arranged according to the requirements of the user, and further, the gas leakage of the underground refuge chamber can be effectively prevented through multi-layer surrounding rock protection. The gas concentrations of the refuge chamber without the thin-spraying process and the refuge chamber with the thin-spraying process are detected in a relevant manner, and the comparison result is shown in fig. 3. Regarding the built refuge chamber, finding out cracks and falling-off possibly occurring air leakage around the refuge chamber, detecting gas by using related gas sensors, spraying and stopping leakage on the areas, and after finishing the spraying work of wall cracks and possible air leakage places, thinly spraying the whole interior of the refuge chamber so as to prevent toxic gas from leaking and endangering the life health of refuge personnel.
Application example 2
In order to prevent the water inflow of some areas of the mine from corroding anchor nets and other supporting equipment, a plurality of mines are sprayed and protected by adopting concrete composite materials, but the breakage and falling of a sprayed layer are common damage phenomena, and the underground efficiency and safety of the mine are seriously influenced. According to the composite thin-spraying material combined anchor rod or anchor net support, as shown in fig. 4, under the condition that the anchor rod and the metal net 6 are established to cooperatively support the roadway wall surface 7, the spray gun 8 is used for further uniformly spraying the roadway wall surface 7, and timely and effective sealing of roadway surrounding rocks and anchoring parts is realized. The material can effectively prevent the weathering of roadway surrounding rocks and the corrosion of anchoring parts, meets the requirements of thin-spraying sealing of the underground roadway in China in the aspects of film forming, extension, environmental protection, flame retardance and strength, and has great prospects in the aspect of roadway support.
Application example 3
In the stoping process of the working face, certain pressure difference can be generated at the upper corner and the lower corner, and surrounding rocks can have non-negligible gaps, so that not only can air leakage of the working face be serious, but also spontaneous combustion of coal in a goaf can be possibly caused, and certain accident potential can be caused. Meanwhile, gas leakage can be caused by the existence of the crack, so that the gas on the working face is out of limit, great threat is generated to safety production of a mine and personal safety of workers, the common spraying material is easy to drop, bulge, cut and the like, and the sealing effect is not ideal. Therefore, as shown in fig. 5, an upper corner metal mesh 9 and a lower corner metal mesh 10 are respectively laid behind an end bracket 11 of an upper corner section and a lower corner section, and then the thin spraying material prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is adopted to spray the area where the metal meshes are laid, so as to form a uniform thin spraying layer 12. The plugging can be supplemented once a month aiming at the upper corner and the lower corner of the working face, so that the safe recovery of the working face is effectively guaranteed.
Claims (4)
1. The mining composite thin spraying material is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40% -50% of decarburized fly ash, 0.5% -2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of a film forming agent, 1% of a dispersing aid, 0.2% -0.4% of a thickening agent, 1% -2% of a coupling agent and the balance of water; the graphene nano powder is 10-50 microns in diameter, the film forming agent is ZT-8701 high-modulus potassium silicate, the dispersing aid is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, the thickening agent is sodium polyacrylate, and the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
2. The mining composite thin spraying material according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of decarburized fly ash, 2% of graphene nano powder, 15% of film forming agent, 1% of dispersing aid, 0.4% of thickening agent, 2% of coupling agent and the balance of water.
3. The preparation method of the mining composite thin spraying material according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, putting graphene nano powder and a silane coupling agent into a certain amount of water according to a ratio, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 1200-1500 r/min, and then performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a stable graphene dispersion liquid;
adding the film forming agent into the graphene dispersion liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 1600-2000 r/min for 20min to obtain a base material;
and step three, adding the dispersing aid and the thickening agent into the base material in sequence, finally adding the decarburized fly ash, stirring the obtained mixed solution for 20min at 1600-2000 r/min, and storing for later use.
4. The method for using the mining composite thin spraying material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the prepared composite thin spraying material is placed in an open type bin of a spraying machine, when the spraying material is used in a place needing plugging, an operation site is cleaned firstly, an obstacle on an operation surface is removed, and pumice on an excavation surface, rock slag at a corner and an accumulated object are removed; embedding a mark for controlling the thickness of the sprayed cement-based slurry; cleaning the coal rock wall and the metal net, and uniformly spraying the materials; after each layer of guniting is finished, secondary re-spraying leakage stoppage is carried out at intervals of 1-2 d after the original guniting layer is completely dried, so that the coating structure is more stable.
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| CN111056804A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-04-24 | 河南中煤矿业科技发展有限公司 | Manufacturing method and construction method of underground thin gunning material of coal mine and pneumatic guniting device |
| CN112228101B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-01-10 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Roadway support forming method and system based on spraying |
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| CN106927773A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-07 | 龙岩学院 | Mining spraying wind leaking stoppage material and preparation facilities |
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| CN104291741A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2015-01-21 | 吕孟龙 | Hydrophobic modified alkali-activated inorganic polymer coating restoration material |
| CN105331264A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Composite electromagnetic shielding paint based on nano carbon material |
| CN104650664B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-07-04 | 山西大学 | A kind of mine laneway wall gas plugging coating |
| CN105440939B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-05-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of graphene strengthens water-based anti-oxidant heat-resisting paint, its preparation and application |
| CN107010893A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-04 | 河海大学 | A kind of graphene/carbon nano-tube cement group water-proofing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107325610A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-11-07 | 常州第六元素材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of graphene chromium-free Dyclo water paint and preparation method thereof, application method |
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| CN103693922A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-04-02 | 山东科技大学 | Mining spraying material formula and application method |
| CN106927773A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-07 | 龙岩学院 | Mining spraying wind leaking stoppage material and preparation facilities |
| CN108384360A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-10 | 合肥梵腾环保科技有限公司 | A kind of concrete exterior wall water-proof heat-insulating paint and preparation method thereof |
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