CN109819716B - Method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using plant leaching liquor - Google Patents
Method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using plant leaching liquor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting calendula seed germination and seedling growth by using plant leaching liquor, which comprises the steps of selecting calendula seeds as experimental objects, adopting 3 willow branches of weeping willow, weeping willow and bamboo willow to respectively prepare 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% leaching liquors with different concentration gradients, combining a culture dish germination experiment, and comprehensively exploring the effect of the 3 willow leaching liquors on seed germination and seedling growth by measuring germination rate, germination index, germination vigor and seedling vitality index and seedling height. The invention utilizes the leaching liquor to cultivate flowers, can not only get rid of the influence of natural conditions and regional environmental factors, but also ensure that seedlings are convenient to manage in a centralized way and are not easy to suffer from natural disasters and diseases, is environment-friendly, can cultivate high-quality nursery stocks, and can lay a foundation for the cultivation of flowers in the future by testing new achievements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using plant leaching liquor.
Background
The plant leaching liquor is an aqueous solution [4] obtained by using a certain amount of distilled water as a solvent, putting soluble components in a certain tissue of a plant into water and soaking for a period of time. There have been many examples of studies on plant extracts on seed germination or seedling growth so far. When influence of Liaomengyu, Hu Xiang, Deng Chengji on growth of Bidens pilosa from Lee water leaching liquor of Eucalyptus grandiflorus, Cinnamomum camphora and Juglans regia is studied, the result shows that 3 kinds of Lee water leaching liquor have significant inhibiting effect on seed germination of Bidens pilosa; when a hispid instrument, a slow-release amount, an anhongyan and the like are used for researching the sensitizing effect of the tamarix chinensis water extract on the germination of the salsola collina seeds and the growth of seedlings, the result shows that the tamarix chinensis water extract has an inhibiting effect on the germination rate and the germination index of the salsola collina seeds. The research of Wangqingfen and Guotaijun shows that the walnut mountain ash branch leaching liquor with higher concentration has an inhibiting effect on the germination of the purple coneflower and blackberry lily seeds, but the walnut mountain ash branch leaching liquor with low concentration has a certain promotion effect on the germination of the seeds. Therefore, researches on leaching liquor of other plants are more, and influence of the leaching liquor of willows on seed germination and seedling growth is less.
The seeds are the peculiar propagules of gymnosperms and angiosperms, have structures suitable for spreading and resisting bad conditions, and create good conditions for the propagation of plants. Seed germination is an ordered series of physiological and morphological changes from imbibition of the seed under appropriate conditions of temperature, moisture and oxygen. The germination of the seeds is the key of seedling culture, determines the uniformity, the seedling height and the germination rate of seedlings, and is the premise for culturing high-quality seedlings.
When the influence of the willow leaching liquor on wheat grain germination is researched, the result shows that the willow leaching liquor has an inhibiting effect on wheat grain germination. The willow leaching solution has not been subjected to a lot of specific researches on flower seed germination and seedling growth.
To this end, we propose a method for promoting calendula seed germination and seedling growth by using plant leaching solution to solve the above mentioned problems in the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using a plant leaching solution so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching liquor comprises the following steps: s1: 4 persons respectively collect weeping willows, salix matsudana and salix matsudana of the current year in the campus and east garden by adopting a division work and cooperation mode; purchasing calendula seeds in a flower market in a western garden;
s2: preparing instrument equipment required by an experiment, wherein the instrument equipment comprises a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, an electric heating constant-temperature air blowing drying box, a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, a refrigerator, an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter;
s3: cleaning an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter completely, washing the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter completely by using distilled water, putting the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter into a basket of a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, observing whether the water level of the sterilization pot is at a high water level at the moment, screwing down a pot cover for sterilization, setting the sterilization pot at the temperature of 121 ℃ for sterilization, closing a switch after the sterilization is finished for 20 minutes, reducing the pressure of the sterilization pot to 0MP, opening a pressure valve to release the pressure, opening the sterilization pot, taking out the sterilized utensil, putting the utensil into an electric heating constant-temperature blast drying oven, drying the utensil for 3 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and then keeping for later use;
s4: taking 3 willow branches of the American bamboo willow, weeping willow and weeping willow obtained in the step S1 back to a laboratory after the collection is finished, removing rotten branches of leaves, cutting the selected willow branches into small sections with the length of 2-3cm, putting the small sections into a plastic bag, weighing the small sections into 3kg of plastic bags, sealing the plastic bags, storing the plastic bags at a refrigeration place of a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ after the weighing is finished, soaking the basin used for soaking the willow branches in 1% potassium permanganate diluent for 30 minutes for disinfection, washing the basin with tap water once to remove floating color, taking out the stored willow branches of 3 varieties from the refrigerator, pouring the willow branches into the basins in sequence, washing the basins with distilled water for 1 time respectively, soaking the branches in 3% NaClO prepared for 10-15 minutes for disinfection, washing the willow branches with distilled water for 3 times, respectively adding distilled water into 3 basins after all the disinfection, soaking the willow branches according to the ratio of 0.5kg of fresh weight of the willow branches and 1000ml of the distilled water, stirring the willow branches once every 6 hours, soaking for 24 hours, removing branches in the soaking solution, putting a filter, a blue-mouth bottle and an injector which are required by filtering into a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, turning on an ultraviolet switch of the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench for 20min, then turning off, turning on a blast switch for 15min, turning on an illuminating lamp, preparing to start filtering, wrapping the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with newspaper after all filtering, fastening the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with a rope, attaching a label on the outer wall of the bottle, marking the variety of the blue-mouth bottle, finally turning off an alcohol lamp, turning off the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, and putting the blue-mouth bottle filled with the leaching solution into a refrigerator for refrigeration and preservation for later use;
s5: preparing leach liquor stock solutions of 3 varieties of willows of American bamboo willows, weeping willows and salix matsudana into 4 solutions with different concentration gradients of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% respectively for experimental treatment, using distilled water as a control group, setting 4 concentration treatments for each variety of willow branches, and performing 3 repeated experiments for each treatment for 39;
selecting full calendula officinalis seeds with complete embryo from purchased seeds, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water once, disinfecting the calendula officinalis seeds with 1% NaClO for 10-15 minutes, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and finally, sucking excessive water on the seeds by using water absorption paper;
putting the disinfected seeds into 39 disposable plastic cups, putting 50 seeds in each cup, and pouring leaching liquor with corresponding concentration and variety into each cup to soak the seeds for 3-10 hours;
making corresponding marks on the outer wall of the cup by using a marker pen, wherein weeping willow is represented by C, bamboo willow is represented by Z, drought willow is represented by H, distilled water is represented by S, the concentration of 25% is represented by 1, the concentration of 12.5% is represented by 2, the concentration of 3.125% is represented by 3, the first repeated mark is represented by a, the second repeated mark is represented by b, and the third repeated mark is represented by C;
then taking a culture dish with the inner diameter of 9cm, placing 2 pieces of filter paper at the bottom of the culture dish as a germination bed, marking the outer wall of the culture dish by using a marker pen, then pouring out leaching liquor of the disposable plastic cup, transferring seeds from the disposable plastic cup into the culture dish one by one, putting the seeds in order, adding willow leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the seeds in soaking without stacking the seeds, ensuring that the filter paper is wet by 5mL, then covering a layer of filter paper above the seeds, and wetting the covered filter paper by adopting the leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the germination bed;
finally, placing the culture dish on an experiment table for germination, avoiding direct strong light irradiation in the germination process, controlling the illumination duration, constantly keeping a certain humidity of the filter paper, and covering the filter paper with wet newspaper at night for keeping the humidity;
s6: recording the temperature of a laboratory every nine am, two pm and eight pm every day, respectively recording the number of exposed seeds and the number of germinated seeds from the 2 nd day of germination, wherein the number of exposed seeds is based on the standard that white embryos are exposed due to swelling and cracking of seed coats, the number of germinated seeds is based on the standard that the length of the embryo roots protruding out of the seed coats is half of the length of the seeds and is used as the standard for seed germination until no seeds germinate, recording the number of rotted seeds, recording the final total number of germination, calculating the germination rate and germination vigor, randomly selecting 5 plants from each culture dish after 3 weeks of cultivation to measure the stem length, root quantity and seedling height of the seeds, and then averaging 3 repetitions of each index;
s7: sorting the number of exposed white and the number of germinated calendula officinalis seeds treated by different varieties of leaching solutions with different concentrations in the germination experiment process, repeatedly averaging the recorded seedling height, root length, stem length and root amount of each seedling in each culture dish for 3 times, and then calculating the value of a corresponding index; and then, the data recorded in all the experiments are collated and then calculated to obtain an average value, the WPS office software is used for inputting the data to draw a chart, and finally, the data are analyzed.
Preferably, the models of the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, the electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box, the high-pressure steam sterilization pot and the refrigerator in the step S2 are HS-1300U, GF101A-2, LDZX-75KBS and BCD-216SDX respectively.
Preferably, before the step S3, 10 syringes, blue-mouth bottles and culture dishes are combined, the filter is placed in a beaker and wrapped by two layers of newspaper with four layers of gauze, the blue-mouth bottles are filled with a proper amount of distilled water, and the bottle caps are covered and can not be screwed down to wrap the bottle mouths by the newspaper.
Preferably, the 3% NaClO in step S4 is prepared by dilution with laboratory 10% NaClO.
Preferably, before filtering in step S4, the alcohol lamp is lit, hands and table are wiped with 75% alcohol for disinfection, newspaper and bottle cap on the blue bottle are opened, the syringe is filled with the leaching solution to be filtered, the mouth of the syringe is butted with the filter and the mouth with the specification of 0.45 μm, and the syringe is squeezed to allow the leaching solution in the syringe to pass through the filter and enter the blue bottle, and then 3 kinds of willow leaching solutions are sequentially filtered respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the calendula officinalis seeds selected by the plant leaching liquor are bright in color, high in propagation coefficient, long in flowering phase, different in plant types and high in ornamental value, and are widely used in greenery environments, home cultivation, colored flower beds, large activities and the like, but many problems cannot be avoided in the flower cultivation process, and the flower hardening rate is low or the germination rate is low due to the fact that the plant leaching liquor is limited by the external environment under natural conditions. The problem of difficult germination is an important factor restricting large-scale commercial production of seeds, the seed germination is promoted by methods of gibberellin hormone germination-accelerating treatment, seed coat contusion treatment promotion, warm water soaking, acid-base treatment and the like, but the environment is polluted and the operation is complicated, the willow leaching liquor treatment is convenient, the planting technology is continuously developed, flowers can be cultivated by using the leaching liquor at present, the influence of natural conditions and regional environment factors can be avoided, the seedlings are convenient to centrally manage and are not easy to suffer from natural disasters, the environment is protected, high-quality seedlings can be cultivated, and the experimental new achievement can lay the foundation for flower cultivation in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of willow leaching solution of different concentrations on seed germination rate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of willow leaching solution on the germination index of calendula officinalis seeds according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the effect of willow leach solution on calendula seed germination vigor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the effect of willow leach solution on calendula seedling viability;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of willow leaching solution on calendula seedling height.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching liquor provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: 4 persons respectively collect weeping willows, salix matsudana and salix matsudana of the current year in the campus and east garden by adopting a division work and cooperation mode; purchasing calendula seeds in a flower market in a western garden;
s2: preparing instrument equipment required by an experiment, wherein the instrument equipment comprises a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, an electric heating constant-temperature air blowing drying box, a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, a refrigerator, an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter;
s3: cleaning an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter completely, washing the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter completely by using distilled water, putting the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter into a basket of a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, observing whether the water level of the sterilization pot is at a high water level at the moment, screwing down a pot cover for sterilization, setting the sterilization pot at the temperature of 121 ℃ for sterilization, closing a switch after the sterilization is finished for 20 minutes, reducing the pressure of the sterilization pot to 0MP, opening a pressure valve to release the pressure, opening the sterilization pot, taking out the sterilized utensil, putting the utensil into an electric heating constant-temperature blast drying oven, drying the utensil for 3 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and then keeping for later use;
s4: taking 3 willow branches of the American bamboo willow, weeping willow and weeping willow obtained in the step S1 back to a laboratory after the collection is finished, removing rotten branches of leaves, cutting the selected willow branches into small sections with the length of 2-3cm, putting the small sections into a plastic bag, weighing the small sections into 3kg of plastic bags, sealing the plastic bags, storing the plastic bags at a refrigeration place of a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ after the weighing is finished, soaking the basin used for soaking the willow branches in 1% potassium permanganate diluent for 30 minutes for disinfection, washing the basin with tap water once to remove floating color, taking out the stored willow branches of 3 varieties from the refrigerator, pouring the willow branches into the basins in sequence, washing the basins with distilled water for 1 time respectively, soaking the branches in 3% NaClO prepared for 10-15 minutes for disinfection, washing the willow branches with distilled water for 3 times, respectively adding distilled water into 3 basins after all the disinfection, soaking the willow branches according to the ratio of 0.5kg of fresh weight of the willow branches and 1000ml of the distilled water, stirring the willow branches once every 6 hours, soaking for 24 hours, removing branches in the soaking solution, putting a filter, a blue-mouth bottle and an injector which are required by filtering into a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, turning on an ultraviolet switch of the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench for 20min, then turning off, turning on a blast switch for 15min, turning on an illuminating lamp, preparing to start filtering, wrapping the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with newspaper after all filtering, fastening the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with a rope, attaching a label on the outer wall of the bottle, marking the variety of the blue-mouth bottle, finally turning off an alcohol lamp, turning off the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, and putting the blue-mouth bottle filled with the leaching solution into a refrigerator for refrigeration and preservation for later use;
s5: preparing leach liquor stock solutions of 3 varieties of willows of American bamboo willows, weeping willows and salix matsudana into 4 solutions with different concentration gradients of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% respectively for experimental treatment, using distilled water as a control group, setting 4 concentration treatments for each variety of willow branches, and performing 3 repeated experiments for each treatment for 39;
selecting full calendula officinalis seeds with complete embryo from purchased seeds, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water once, disinfecting the calendula officinalis seeds with 1% NaClO for 10-15 minutes, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and finally, sucking excessive water on the seeds by using water absorption paper;
putting the disinfected seeds into 39 disposable plastic cups, putting 50 seeds in each cup, and pouring leaching liquor with corresponding concentration and variety into each cup to soak the seeds for 3-10 hours;
making corresponding marks on the outer wall of the cup by using a marker pen, wherein weeping willow is represented by C, bamboo willow is represented by Z, drought willow is represented by H, distilled water is represented by S, the concentration of 25% is represented by 1, the concentration of 12.5% is represented by 2, the concentration of 3.125% is represented by 3, the first repeated mark is represented by a, the second repeated mark is represented by b, and the third repeated mark is represented by C;
then taking a culture dish with the inner diameter of 9cm, placing 2 pieces of filter paper at the bottom of the culture dish as a germination bed, marking the outer wall of the culture dish by using a marker pen, then pouring out leaching liquor of the disposable plastic cup, transferring seeds from the disposable plastic cup into the culture dish one by one, putting the seeds in order, adding willow leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the seeds in soaking without stacking the seeds, ensuring that the filter paper is wet by 5mL, then covering a layer of filter paper above the seeds, and wetting the covered filter paper by adopting the leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the germination bed;
finally, placing the culture dish on an experiment table for germination, avoiding direct strong light irradiation in the germination process, controlling the illumination duration, constantly keeping a certain humidity of the filter paper, and covering the filter paper with wet newspaper at night for keeping the humidity;
s6: recording the temperature of a laboratory every nine am, two pm and eight pm every day, respectively recording the number of exposed seeds and the number of germinated seeds from the 2 nd day of germination, wherein the number of exposed seeds is based on the standard that white embryos are exposed due to swelling and cracking of seed coats, the number of germinated seeds is based on the standard that the length of the embryo roots protruding out of the seed coats is half of the length of the seeds and is used as the standard for seed germination until no seeds germinate, recording the number of rotted seeds, recording the final total number of germination, calculating the germination rate and germination vigor, randomly selecting 5 plants from each culture dish after 3 weeks of cultivation to measure the stem length, root quantity and seedling height of the seeds, and then averaging 3 repetitions of each index;
the germination rate is the percentage of the number of seeds which can normally germinate in a specified germination period (generally, 7 th day) in an appropriate germination environment to the number of the tested seeds, namely, the germination rate of 50 seeds on the 7 th day is determined by the condition that the radicle breaks through the seed coat. The germination rate of the seeds is also an important index for measuring the quality of the seeds, and the activity of the embryo of the seeds can be displayed [14 ]. The germination rate can approximately reflect the emergence rate, and the emergence rate of seeds with high germination rate is not necessarily uniform.
The germination potential is the percentage of the number of the germinated seeds in the number of seeds of the tested sample when the number of the germinated seeds reaches the highest peak (generally 3 days) in the germination process, generally the percentage of the number of the germinated seeds in the initial 1/3 period of the specified period of the germination experiment in the number of the tested seeds is taken as a standard, the germination potential is an important index for measuring the quality of the seeds, and the activity of the embryo of the seeds can be displayed.
The thinning and deepening of the germination index of the seeds are the characteristics of amplifying the vitality of the seeds, so that the difference between the quality of the seeds is increased.
The vitality index is the comprehensive reflection of the germination rate and the growth amount of the seeds and is the best index of the vitality of the seeds, and the higher the vitality index of the seedlings is, the better the growth condition of the seedlings is.
The germination vigor can visually reflect the germination speed of the seeds under the same condition.
S7: sorting the number of exposed white and the number of germinated calendula officinalis seeds treated by different varieties of leaching solutions with different concentrations in the germination experiment process, repeatedly averaging the recorded seedling height, root length, stem length and root amount of each seedling in each culture dish for 3 times, and then calculating the value of a corresponding index; and then, the data recorded in all the experiments are collated and then calculated to obtain an average value, the WPS office software is used for inputting the data to draw a chart, and finally, the data are analyzed.
And (3) evaluating the seed vitality, wherein the seed germination parameters need to be calculated and subjected to data statistical analysis, and the main parameters comprise the germination rate, the germination index, the seedling vitality index and the seedling height.
The germination rate (number of germinated seeds/number of test seeds) x 100%
The average germination rate is obtained by averaging the germination rates calculated in each of 3 replicates
Germination rate (Vg) ═ N1 × 1) + (N2-N1) × 1/2+ (N3-N2) × 1/3+ … … + (Nn-1) × 1/N (N1, N2, N3 … Nn in the formula are the proportion of the number of germinated seeds in days 1,2,3 … N to all the germination numbers.)
Germination potential (germination number at the germination peak/total number of test seeds) × 100;
germination index ═ (number of seeds germinated at the end of germination experiments/number of days spent in germination experiments) x (maximum number of sprouts/number of days to reach this maximum on any day in the experiments);
seedling vigor index ═ germination rate × (seedling root length + seedling stem length).
Specifically, in the step S2, the models of the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, the electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box, the high-pressure steam sterilization pot and the refrigerator are HS-1300U, GF101A-2, LDZX-75KBS and BCD-216SDX respectively.
Specifically, before the step S3, 10 syringes, blue-mouth bottles and culture dishes are combined, the filter is placed in a beaker and wrapped by two layers of newspaper with four layers of gauze, the blue-mouth bottles are filled with a proper amount of distilled water, and the bottle caps are covered and cannot be screwed tightly to the bottle mouths and wrapped by the newspaper.
Specifically, the 3% NaClO in step S4 is prepared by dilution with laboratory 10% NaClO.
Specifically, before filtering in step S4, the alcohol burner is lit, hands and table top are wiped with 75% alcohol for disinfection, newspaper and bottle cap on the blue bottle are opened, the injector is filled with the leaching solution to be filtered, the port of the injector is butted with the filter and the port with the specification of 0.45 μm, and the injector is extruded to make the leaching solution in the injector enter the blue bottle through the filter, and 3 willow leaching solutions are sequentially and respectively filtered.
Through 4-week experimental data arrangement statistical analysis, the different species of willow leaching liquor with different concentrations have different expression degrees on seed germination, and fig. 1 is a comparison of analysis of seed germination variance between a control group (distilled water) and different species of willow leaching liquor treated by different concentrations, and it can be seen from the table that in the same species of willow leaching liquor, the weeping willow concentrations are 3.125% and 25% slightly significant, the concentrations are 6.25% and 12.5% significant, the drought willow concentrations are 3.125% significantly, 6.25% and 12.5% significant, 25% slightly significant, and the bamboo willow concentrations are only 25% insignificant; specifically, the salix matsudana has 3.125% > 6.25% > 12.5% > 25% > CK, the salix drooping has 6.25% > 12.5% > 25% > 3.125% > CK, the bamboo has 3.125% > 6.25% > 12.5% > CK > 25% and the variation range is relatively large; under the condition of the same concentration, the salix matsudana is always superior to other two varieties, so that the willow leaching liquor can promote seed germination and improve the germination rate.
FIG. 2 is a graph which shows that the germination indexes of salix matsudana and salix matsudana in the same leaching liquor are reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the leaching liquor, the germination indexes of salix matsudana and salix matsudana in the same leaching liquor are reduced after the concentration of the leaching liquor is increased, the change trend is particularly obvious, and the germination indexes of salix matsudana and salix matsudana are increased firstly and then reduced, 3.125% of salix matsudana are more than 6.25% and more than 12.5% and more than 25% of CK, 6.25% of salix matsudana is more than 12.25% and more than 3.125% of CK, and 3.125% of salix matsudana is more than 6.25% and more than 12.5% and more than 25% of CK; in the leaching liquor with the same concentration, the germination index of the salix matsudana with the concentration of 3.125% is the highest, while the germination index of the salix drooping with the concentration of 3.125% is obviously reduced, and the germination index of the bamboo willow with the concentration of 25% is the lowest and close to that of a control group; 3 concentration ranges of 6.25%, 12.5% and 25% are expressed as salix matsudana, salix drooping and salix americana; however, the germination indexes of calendula officinalis seeds in the willow leaching solution with 3 different concentrations are all larger than those of the control group, which fully indicates that the willow leaching solution can promote seed germination.
FIG. 3 shows that the germination vigor of salix matsudana and salix weeping willow varies with different leaching liquor concentrations and varieties, in the case of the same variety, the germination vigor of salix matsudana and salix weeping willow both gradually increases with increasing leaching liquor concentration and is higher than that of a control group, and a certain phenomenon of low inhibition and high promotion is presented, and the germination vigor of the salix matsudana is gradually reduced with increasing leaching liquor concentration, and basically shows that the salix matsudana has the germination vigor of 25% to 12.5% to 6.25% to 3.125% to CK, the salix weeping willow has the germination vigor of 12.5% to 6.25% to 3.125% to CK, and the salix matsudana has the highest germination vigor; for the leaching liquor with the same concentration, 25% of the salix matsudana has the highest germination potential, the bamboo willow has the lowest germination potential and is lower than the germination potential of a control group, 12.5% and 25% of the leaching liquor comprise salix matsudana > salix morifolium > salix americana, 6.25% of the leaching liquor comprise salix matsudana > salix americana > salix morifolium, and 3.125% of the leaching liquor comprise salix matsudana > salix junction; in summary, willow leaching solution can also improve the germination potential of calendula officinalis seeds.
The seedling activity indexes of the bamboo willow and the salix matsudana under the condition of the same variety are important indexes for reflecting whether the seedling growth is good or not, as can be seen from fig. 4, the seedling activity indexes of the bamboo willow and the salix matsudana both decrease along with the increase of the concentration of the leaching liquor, the seedling activity indexes of the salix matsudana decrease along with the increase of the concentration of the leaching liquor, which are specifically represented by 3.125% > 6.25% > 12.5% > 25% > CK, 3.125% > 6.125% > 6.25% > 12.5% > 25% > CK > 3.125%, and under the same concentration condition, the seedling activity indexes of 25%, 12.5% and 6.25% of the leaching liquor are represented by the salix matsudana and the salix matsudana, while the seedling activity indexes of the 6.25% of the salix matsudana show peak value, which is also the optimal growth concentration, the seedling activity indexes of the 3.125% of the salix matsudana are obviously decreased and lower than that of the leaching liquor of the control group, and the seedling activity indexes are overall, and the high-concentration leaching liquor of the seedling activity indexes are lower, the performance is poor. 3.125% of bamboo willow seedlings have the highest vitality index and are the first ones of the bamboo willow seedlings.
The height of the seedling can visually reflect the growth condition of the seedling, and as can be seen from fig. 5, in the same leaching liquor of willow, the heights of the seedlings treated by the bamboo willow and the weeping willow are gradually reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the leaching liquor, the heights of the seedlings in the leaching liquor of the weeping willow are firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the leaching liquor, wherein 3.125% of the American bamboo willow is more than 6.25% and 12.5% of the weeping willow is more than 12.5% and 25% of CK and 6.25% of the weeping willow is more than 12.5% and 25% of the weeping willow is more than 3.125% of CK; under the condition of the same concentration, the height of the seedlings of calendula officinalis treated by weeping willow leach liquor with the concentration of 25% is the same as that of a control group, the height of the seedlings in the weeping willow leach liquor is even lower than that of the control group, the heights of the seedlings of the leach liquor with the concentration of 12.5% and 6.25% show that the seedlings of the calendula officinalis are higher than those of the weeping willow and are greater than those of the dry willow, the heights of the seedlings of the leaching liquor with the concentration of 3.125% are higher than those of the calendula officinalis, the seedlings of the leaching liquor with the concentration of 3.125% are higher than those of the weeping willow and are even lower than that of the control group, and the seedlings of the calendula officinalis are the highest and grow best.
The seed germination is a key period of the life history of the seeds, 3 willow leaching solutions are obtained by measuring 3 indexes of seed germination rate, germination index and germination vigor and performing data statistical analysis, and the germination of calendula officinalis seeds is obviously promoted, and as can be seen from the figures 1,2 and 3, the germination rate of salix matsudana is the highest, the germination index is the highest, the germination vigor is the highest and the effect is more obvious for willow varieties; in terms of concentration, the 3.125% leaching liquor has the highest germination rate, the germination index is high, the germination vigor is 25%, wherein the germination rate of the 3.125% leaching liquor of the salix matsudana is as high as 85% which is about 10% higher than that of the ordinary calendula officinalis seeds which are not treated, the calendula officinalis seeds can germinate in about 7 days generally, and the salix matsudana begins to germinate in 2 days of germination in the experimental process, namely salix matsudana and salix bambusoides. The salix matsudana leaching liquor can promote germination and improve the seed germination rate, and in conclusion, the salix matsudana leaching liquor is suitable for calendula officinalis seed germination.
The growth condition of the seedlings is judged by measuring the vitality and the height of the seedlings by 2 indexes, and as can be seen from the figure 4 and the figure 5, in the 3 willow leaching solutions, the vitality index of the bamboo willow and bamboo willow seedlings is the highest and the height of the seedlings is the largest in terms of willow varieties; in terms of concentration, the seedling activity index and the seedling height of seeds treated by 25% of willow leaching liquor are lower, only 25% of the dry willows show obvious inhibition, and the seedling activity index and the seedling height of the leaching liquor of 12.5% and 6.25% show that the seedling activity index and the seedling height of the seeds treated by the willows show that the American bamboo willows, the weeping willows and the dry willows are combined. The 3.125% of the leaching solution contains the salix matsudana, the salix matsudana and the salix drooping with the concentration also has an inhibiting effect, but the 3.125% of the leaching solution of the salix matsudana has an accelerating effect, the 3.125% of the leaching solution of the salix matsudana has the highest seedling activity index and the highest seedling height, and in sum, the 3.125% of the leaching solution of the salix matsudana has a better effect on the growth of the calendula officinalis seedlings.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the calendula officinalis flower cultivation method has the advantages that calendula officinalis seeds are selected, the calendula officinalis flower cultivation method is bright in color, high in propagation coefficient, long in flowering phase, different in plant types and high in ornamental value, the calendula officinalis flower cultivation method is widely used in greenery environment, home cultivation, colored ribbon flower beds, large-scale activities and the like, but many problems cannot be avoided in the flower cultivation process, and the flower hardening rate is low or the germination rate is low due to the fact that the calendula officinalis seeds are restricted by the external environment under natural conditions. The problem of difficult germination is an important factor restricting large-scale commercial production of seeds, the seed germination is promoted by methods of gibberellin hormone germination-accelerating treatment, seed coat contusion treatment promotion, warm water soaking, acid-base treatment and the like, but the environment is polluted and the operation is complicated, the willow leaching liquor treatment is convenient, the planting technology is continuously developed, flowers can be cultivated by using the leaching liquor at present, the influence of natural conditions and regional environment factors can be avoided, the seedlings are convenient to centrally manage and are not easy to suffer from natural disasters, the environment is protected, high-quality seedlings can be cultivated, and the experimental new achievement can lay the foundation for flower cultivation in the future.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching liquor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: 4 persons respectively collect weeping willows, salix matsudana and salix matsudana of the current year in the campus and east garden by adopting a division work and cooperation mode; purchasing calendula seeds in a flower market in a western garden;
s2: preparing instrument equipment required by an experiment, wherein the instrument equipment comprises a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, an electric heating constant-temperature air blowing drying box, a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, a refrigerator, an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter;
s3: cleaning an injector, a blue-mouth bottle, a glass rod, filter paper, a beaker, a culture dish and a filter completely, washing the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter completely by using distilled water, putting the injector, the blue-mouth bottle, the glass rod, the filter paper, the beaker, the culture dish and the filter into a basket of a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, observing whether the water level of the sterilization pot is at a high water level at the moment, screwing down a pot cover for sterilization, setting the sterilization pot at the temperature of 121 ℃ for sterilization, closing a switch after the sterilization is finished for 20 minutes, reducing the pressure of the sterilization pot to 0MP, opening a pressure valve to release the pressure, opening the sterilization pot, taking out the sterilized utensil, putting the utensil into an electric heating constant-temperature blast drying oven, drying the utensil for 3 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and then keeping for later use;
s4: taking 3 willow branches of the American bamboo willow, weeping willow and weeping willow obtained in the step S1 back to a laboratory after the collection is finished, removing rotten branches of leaves, cutting the selected willow branches into small sections with the length of 2-3cm, putting the small sections into a plastic bag, weighing the small sections into 3kg of plastic bags, sealing the plastic bags, storing the plastic bags at a refrigeration place of a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ after the weighing is finished, soaking the basin used for soaking the willow branches in 1% potassium permanganate diluent for 30 minutes for disinfection, washing the basin with tap water once to remove floating color, taking out the stored willow branches of 3 varieties from the refrigerator, pouring the willow branches into the basins in sequence, washing the basins with distilled water for 1 time respectively, soaking the branches in 3% NaClO prepared for 10-15 minutes for disinfection, washing the willow branches with distilled water for 3 times, respectively adding distilled water into 3 basins after all the disinfection, soaking the willow branches according to the ratio of 0.5kg of fresh weight of the willow branches and 1000ml of the distilled water, stirring the willow branches once every 6 hours, soaking for 24 hours, removing branches in the soaking solution, putting a filter, a blue-mouth bottle and an injector which are required by filtering into a horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, turning on an ultraviolet switch of the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench for 20min, then turning off, turning on a blast switch for 15min, turning on an illuminating lamp, preparing to start filtering, wrapping the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with newspaper after all filtering, fastening the mouth of the blue-mouth bottle with a rope, attaching a label on the outer wall of the bottle, marking the variety of the blue-mouth bottle, finally turning off an alcohol lamp, turning off the horizontal laminar flow double-person purification workbench, and putting the blue-mouth bottle filled with the leaching solution into a refrigerator for refrigeration and;
s5: preparing leach liquor stock solutions of 3 varieties of willows of American bamboo willows, weeping willows and salix matsudana into 4 solutions with different concentration gradients of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% respectively for experimental treatment, using distilled water as a control group, setting 4 concentration treatments for each variety of willow branches, and performing 3 repeated experiments for each treatment for 39;
selecting full calendula officinalis seeds with complete embryo from purchased seeds, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water once, disinfecting the calendula officinalis seeds with 1% NaClO for 10-15 minutes, washing the calendula officinalis seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and finally, sucking excessive water on the seeds by using water absorption paper;
putting the disinfected seeds into 39 disposable plastic cups, putting 50 seeds in each cup, and pouring leaching liquor with corresponding concentration and variety into each cup to soak the seeds for 3-10 hours;
making corresponding marks on the outer wall of the cup by using a marker pen, wherein weeping willow is represented by C, bamboo willow is represented by Z, drought willow is represented by H, distilled water is represented by S, the concentration of 25% is represented by 1, the concentration of 12.5% is represented by 2, the concentration of 3.125% is represented by 3, the first repeated mark is represented by a, the second repeated mark is represented by b, and the third repeated mark is represented by C;
then taking a culture dish with the inner diameter of 9cm, placing 2 pieces of filter paper at the bottom of the culture dish as a germination bed, marking the outer wall of the culture dish by using a marker pen, then pouring out leaching liquor of the disposable plastic cup, transferring seeds from the disposable plastic cup into the culture dish one by one, putting the seeds in order, adding willow leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the seeds in soaking without stacking the seeds, ensuring that the filter paper is wet by 5mL, then covering a layer of filter paper above the seeds, and wetting the covered filter paper by adopting the leaching liquor with the same concentration and variety as the germination bed;
finally, placing the culture dish on an experiment table for germination, avoiding direct strong light irradiation in the germination process, controlling the illumination duration, constantly keeping a certain humidity of the filter paper, and covering the filter paper with wet newspaper at night for keeping the humidity;
s6: recording the temperature of a laboratory every nine am, two pm and eight pm every day, respectively recording the number of exposed seeds and the number of germinated seeds from the 2 nd day of germination, wherein the number of exposed seeds is based on the standard that white embryos are exposed due to swelling and cracking of seed coats, the number of germinated seeds is based on the standard that the length of the embryo roots protruding out of the seed coats is half of the length of the seeds and is used as the standard for seed germination until no seeds germinate, recording the number of rotted seeds, recording the final total number of germination, calculating the germination rate and germination vigor, randomly selecting 5 plants from each culture dish after 3 weeks of cultivation to measure the stem length, root quantity and seedling height of the seeds, and then averaging 3 repetitions of each index;
s7: sorting the number of exposed white and the number of germinated calendula officinalis seeds treated by different varieties of leaching solutions with different concentrations in the germination experiment process, repeatedly averaging the recorded seedling height, root length, stem length and root amount of each seedling in each culture dish for 3 times, and then calculating the value of a corresponding index; and then, the data recorded in all the experiments are collated and then calculated to obtain an average value, the WPS office software is used for inputting the data to draw a chart, and finally, the data are analyzed.
2. The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching solution of claim 1, wherein the plant leaching solution comprises: the models of the horizontal laminar flow double purification workbench, the electric heating constant temperature blowing drying box, the high pressure steam sterilization pot and the refrigerator in the step S2 are HS-1300U, GF101A-2, LDZX-75KBS and BCD-216SDX respectively.
3. The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching solution of claim 1, wherein the plant leaching solution comprises: before the step S3, 10 injectors, blue-mouth bottles and culture dishes are combined into a group, the filter is placed in a beaker and wrapped by four layers of gauze and two layers of newspaper, the blue-mouth bottles are filled with a proper amount of distilled water, and the bottle caps are covered and cannot be screwed tightly to wrap the bottle mouths by the newspaper.
4. The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching solution of claim 1, wherein the plant leaching solution comprises: the 3% NaClO in step S4 was prepared by dilution with laboratory 10% NaClO.
5. The method for promoting calendula officinalis seed germination and seedling growth by using the plant leaching solution of claim 1, wherein the plant leaching solution comprises: before filtering in the step S4, an alcohol lamp is ignited, hands and a table top are wiped with 75% alcohol for disinfection, newspaper and a bottle cap on a blue bottle are opened, the injector is filled with leaching liquor to be filtered, the mouth of the injector is butted with a filter and a mouth with the specification of 0.45 mu m, the leaching liquor in the injector enters the blue bottle through the filter, and 3 willow leaching liquors are sequentially and respectively filtered.
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| CN106613958A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 | Stevia rebaudiana rooting culture method |
| CN107278603A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-24 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of pot marigold breeding |
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