CN109818506B - Superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback, which comprises a charging loop of a magnet, wherein the charging loop is formed by a second direct current bus capacitor Cbus at a high voltage side, an inverter bridge unit for charging, a high-frequency transformer T1 for charging, switching tubes Q1, Q2, qinv, a filter inductor Lf, a filter capacitor Cf and a superconducting magnet coil Lcoil; lcoil, lf, cf, Q1, Q2, qinv, diode D17, low-side first DC bus capacitor Cbus1, inverter bridge unit for discharging, high-frequency transformer T2 for discharging, rectifier unit for discharging and high-side second DC bus capacitor Cbus constitute a discharging loop of the magnet. According to the superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback, a topological structure with separated charge and discharge is adopted, so that bidirectional flow of energy between superconducting magnet energy storage and a power grid is realized, and a high-frequency transformer is adopted for isolation, so that a front-end power frequency transformer is omitted; the soft switch control is adopted, and fewer rectifying tubes are used on the low-voltage high-current superconducting magnet side, so that the loss of the switching tube is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of superconducting magnets, in particular to a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback.
Background
The superconducting magnet is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, electric power, industry, scientific research and the like due to the extremely low electric loss, high magnetic field, high stability and the like, a DC/DC power supply device capable of realizing the exchange of magnetic energy and power grid energy is needed by the superconducting coil, a silicon controlled rectifier circuit based on the isolation of a power frequency transformer is adopted by an early superconducting magnet power supply, and the power supply structure is used in the paper 'double inverse star-shaped rectifier circuit parallel operation circulation analysis', and the filtering device is large in size and is only used in a high-power superconducting magnet device due to the existence of low-frequency ripple in the structure circuit;
the existing DC/DC superconducting magnet power supply device generally adopts an energy bidirectional flow topological structure formed by a bridge circuit, a filter capacitor and a direct current chopper circuit at the low voltage side, such as a superconducting energy storage magnet input-output integrated converter disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,3735 and Chinese patent No. CN201110160091.1, and the circuit has the following defects: (1) If the power frequency transformer is adopted for isolation, the whole machine is large in size; if the high-frequency transformer is adopted for isolation, the bridge circuit at the low-voltage side and the direct-current chopper circuit have more switching tubes, the voltage drop of the low-voltage side tube is large, and the overall efficiency is low; (2) Flexible control of soft switching is difficult to achieve, and therefore we propose a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback.
Disclosure of Invention
High efficiency and miniaturization are an important development trend of electric energy conversion devices. Aiming at the defects of the existing DC/DC superconducting power supply device, the invention designs the superconducting power supply DC/DC device based on high-frequency transformer isolation, which has the advantages of less quantity of low-voltage side pipes, small voltage drop and support of soft switch control.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback comprises a magnet energy storage and chopping unit, a charging inverter bridge unit, a discharging inverter bridge unit and a discharging rectifier unit;
the magnet energy storage and chopping unit consists of a high-frequency transformer for charging, a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first diode, a superconducting magnet coil, a filter capacitor, a filter inductor, a switch tube and a second diode, wherein an upper end output port and a lower end output port of the high-frequency transformer for charging are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the first switch tube anti-parallel diode and the positive electrode of the second switch tube anti-parallel diode, one end of the filter capacitor and one end of the superconducting magnet coil are both connected with the middle output port of the high-frequency transformer for charging, the negative electrodes of the first switch tube and the second switch tube are both connected with the negative electrode of the second switch tube anti-parallel diode and the positive electrode of the first diode, the positive electrode of the switch tube anti-parallel second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the first direct current bus capacitor at the low voltage side, the other end of the filter inductor is connected with one end of the filter capacitor and one end of the superconducting magnet coil, and the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first direct current bus capacitor at the low voltage side;
the positive electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor, the negative electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit is connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor, and the output end of the alternating current side of the charging inverter bridge unit is connected with the primary side of the charging high-frequency transformer;
the direct current side positive electrode input end of the discharging inverter bridge unit is connected with the positive electrode of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor, the direct current side negative electrode input end of the discharging inverter bridge unit is connected with the negative electrode of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor, and the alternating current output end of the discharging inverter bridge unit is connected with the primary side of the discharging high-frequency transformer;
the high-voltage side of the high-frequency transformer for discharging is connected with the alternating current side of the rectifying unit for discharging, the positive electrode of the direct current side of the rectifying unit for discharging is connected with the positive electrode of the second direct current bus capacitor of the high-voltage side, and the negative electrode of the rectifying unit for discharging is connected with the negative electrode of the second direct current bus capacitor of the high-voltage side.
Preferably, bridge circuits in the charging inverter bridge unit and the discharging inverter bridge unit are all full-control devices, and soft switch control is adopted for control.
Preferably, when the switching power supply is used as a charging power supply to input energy to the superconducting magnet coil, the switching tube keeps on state all the time, the charging inverter bridge unit converts the direct current of the second direct current bus capacitor at the high voltage side into high-frequency alternating current, the high-frequency alternating current is rectified by the charging high-frequency transformer, the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the filter and the filter capacitor, and then the direct current becomes constant-voltage direct current to charge the magnet, and the charging speed of the superconducting magnet is controlled by controlling the on-off duty ratio of the full-control device in the charging inverter bridge unit.
Preferably, when the switch power supply realizes that the energy storage of the superconducting magnet coil is fed back to the power grid, the first switch tube and the second switch tube are always on, when the switch tube is turned off, the current of the superconducting magnet coil flows through the first switch tube, the second switch tube and the diode, then a constant-voltage direct-current output is obtained through the filtering of the low-voltage side first direct-current bus capacitor, then the constant-voltage direct-current output is conveyed to the high-voltage side second direct-current bus capacitor through the discharging inverter bridge unit, the discharging high-frequency transformer and the discharging rectifying unit, and when the switch tube is turned on, the current of the superconducting magnet coil flows through the first switch tube, the second switch tube and the switch tube, and the discharging speed of the superconducting magnet is controlled through controlling the on-off duty ratio of the switch tube.
Preferably, the switching tube in the magnet energy storage and chopping unit is a fully-controlled device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the power supply adopts a topological structure with separated charge and discharge to realize bidirectional flow of energy between the energy storage of the superconducting magnet and the power grid; the high-frequency transformer is adopted for isolation, so that a front-end power frequency transformer with huge volume is saved; the soft switch control is adopted, and fewer rectifying tubes are used on the load side of the low-voltage high-current magnet, so that the loss of the switching tube is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a superconducting magnet switching power supply topology with energy feedback according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art U.S. Pat. No. 5, 004695932;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art chinese patent CN 102222983.
In the figure: 1. a magnet energy storage and chopping unit; 2. an inverter bridge unit for charging; 3. an inverter bridge unit for discharge; 4. a discharge rectifying unit; t1, a high-frequency transformer for charging; q1, a first switching tube; q2, a second switching tube; d17, a first diode; lcoil, superconducting magnet coil; cf. A filter capacitor; lf, a filter inductor; qinv, switching tube; dinv, second diode; cbus1, a low-voltage side first direct-current bus capacitor; cbus, high side second dc bus capacitor; t2, high-frequency transformer for discharge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Referring to fig. 1, a superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback includes a magnet energy storage and chopping unit 1, a charging inverter bridge unit 2, a discharging inverter bridge unit 3, and a discharging rectifier unit 4; the magnet energy storage and chopping unit 1 consists of a high-frequency charging transformer T1, a first switch tube Q1, a second switch tube Q2, a first diode D17, a superconducting magnet coil Lcoil, a filter capacitor Cf, a filter inductor Lf, a switch tube Qinv and a second diode Dinv, wherein an output port at the upper end and an output port at the lower end of the high-frequency charging transformer T1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the first switch tube Q1 and the positive electrode of the second switch tube Q2 anti-parallel diode, one end of the filter capacitor Cf is connected with the middle output port of the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil, one ends of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are connected with the negative electrode of the second diode Dinv and the positive electrode of the first diode D17 in anti-parallel, the positive electrode of the second diode Dinv is connected with the negative electrode of the first direct current bus capacitor Cbus1 at the low voltage side and the positive electrode of the filter inductor Lcoil, and the other ends of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are connected with one ends of the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil;
the positive electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit 2 is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor Cbus, the negative electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor Cbus, and the output end of the alternating current side of the charging inverter bridge unit 2 is connected with the primary side of the charging high-frequency transformer T1;
the positive electrode input end of the direct current side of the discharging inverter bridge unit 3 is connected with the positive electrode of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor Cbus1, the negative electrode input end of the direct current side of the discharging inverter bridge unit 3 is connected with the negative electrode of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor Cbus1, and the alternating current output end of the discharging inverter bridge unit 3 is connected with the primary side of the discharging high-frequency transformer T2;
the high-voltage side of the discharging high-frequency transformer T2 is connected to the ac side of the discharging rectifier unit 4, the positive electrode of the discharging rectifier unit 4 on the dc side is connected to the positive electrode of the second dc bus capacitor Cbus on the high-voltage side, and the negative electrode of the discharging rectifier unit 4 on the dc side is connected to the negative electrode of the second dc bus capacitor Cbus on the high-voltage side.
Referring to fig. 1, the bridge circuits in the charging inverter bridge unit 2 and the discharging inverter bridge unit 3 are all fully controlled devices, and the control thereof is soft switching control.
Referring to fig. 1, when a switching power supply is used as a charging power supply to input energy to a superconducting magnet coil Lcoil, a switching tube Qinv is kept in an on state all the time, a charging inverter bridge unit 2 converts direct current of a high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor Cbus into high-frequency alternating current, the high-frequency alternating current is rectified and filtered by a charging high-frequency transformer T1, a first switching tube Q1, a second switching tube Q2, a filter inductance Lf and a filter capacitor Cf to become constant-voltage direct current to charge a magnet, and the charging speed of the superconducting magnet is controlled by controlling the on-off duty ratio of a full-control device in the charging inverter bridge unit 2.
Referring to fig. 1, when the switching power supply realizes that the energy storage of the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil is fed back to the power grid, the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are always turned on, when the switching tube Qinv is turned off, the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil current flows through the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2 and the first diode D17, and then a constant voltage direct current output is obtained through the filtering of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor Cbus1, and then the constant voltage direct current output is transmitted to the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor Cbus through the discharging inverter bridge unit 3, the discharging high-frequency transformer T2 and the discharging rectifier unit 4, and when the switching tube Qinv is turned on, the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil current flows through the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2 and the switching tube Qinv, and the discharging speed of the superconducting magnet is controlled through the control of the on-off duty ratio of the switching tube Qinv.
Referring to fig. 1, the switching tube Qinv tube in the magnet energy storage and chopping unit 1 is a fully controlled device.
When the power supply is operated in the charging mode, energy is input to the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil: the discharge inverter bridge unit 3 and the discharge rectifier unit 4 stop operating, and the switching tube Qinv is kept in the on state. The charging inverter bridge unit 2 converts the direct current of the second direct current bus capacitor Cbus at the high voltage side into high-frequency alternating current, rectifies and filters the high-voltage transformer T1 and the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 to become constant-voltage direct current to charge the magnet, and controls the charging speed of the superconducting magnet by controlling the on-off duty ratio of the switching tubes in the charging inverter bridge unit 2. The charging inverter bridge unit 2 is controlled by soft switching.
When the power supply works in a discharging mode, the energy stored in the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil is fed back to the power grid: the charging loop inverter bridge 2 stops working, and the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are always conducted and freewheeled. A chopper circuit is formed by a superconducting magnet coil Lcoil, a switching tube Qinv and a low-voltage side bus capacitor Cbus1, the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil current is converted into the voltage of a low-voltage side first direct-current bus capacitor Cbus1, and the discharge speed of the superconducting magnet coil Lcoil current can be controlled by controlling the on-off duty ratio of the switching tube Qinv. The discharging inverter bridge unit 3 converts the direct current of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor Cbus1 into high-frequency alternating current, and the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor Cbus is charged by the direct current formed by the transformer T2 and the discharging rectifier unit 4, and the discharging speed of the low-voltage side capacitor is controlled by controlling the on-off duty ratio of the fully-controlled device. The discharge inverter bridge unit 3 is controlled by soft switching.
Examples
Referring to fig. 2, Q1 to Q4 are IGBTs, Q1 to Q4, D1 to D4, and C1 to C4 constitute an inverter bridge unit 2 for charging, D1 to D4 are diodes connected in anti-parallel to Q1 to Q4, C1 to C4 are parasitic capacitances or added capacitances of Q1 to Q4, respectively, and Cb is an isolation capacitance; Q5-Q8 adopt MOSFET, Q5-Q8, D5-D8 and parallel capacitor compose the discharge inverter bridge unit 3; and Qs1 and Qs2 are synchronous rectifying tubes, and Ds1 and Ds2 are respectively anti-parallel diodes. Qinv is MOSFET, dinv is its antiparallel diode; the discharging rectifier unit 4 adopts an H-bridge type uncontrolled rectifier circuit. The specific working principle and process are analyzed according to two working modes of charging and discharging respectively:
(1) During charging, Q5 to Q8 are off, and Qinv is on. The charging circuit adopts a control mode of phase-shifting full-bridge and synchronous rectification, the bridge arms where Q2 and Q4 are located are leading arms, the bridge arms where Q1 and Q3 are located are lagging arms, and the whole process is divided into 12 working states altogether.
The high-voltage sides Q1 and Q4 in the initial state are set to be on, the Q2 and Q3 are set to be off, and the primary side current loop is Cbus-Q1-Cb-T1-Q4-Cbus; the low-voltage side Qs1 is on, qs2 is off, and the low-voltage side current loop of the transformer is T1-Qs1-Qinv-Lf-Lcoil-T1.
time t0-t 1: q4 is turned off at time t0, and Q4 may be turned off at approximately zero voltage due to the clamping action of capacitor C4. At this stage C4, C2 resonates with the leakage inductance of transformer T1, C4 charges and C2 discharges. Cbus-Q1-Cb-T1-C4-Cbus is used as the charging loop of C4, and C2-Q1-Cb-T1-C2 is used as the discharging loop of C2. When the C2 discharge is completed, the Q2 body diode D2 is naturally conducted.
time t1-t 2: after D2 is conducted, the primary current freewheeling path is D2-Q1-Cb-T1-D2. Q2 is turned on, Q2 is zero voltage on.
time t2-t 3: at time t2, Q1 is turned off, qs2 is turned on, and Q1 is turned off at approximately zero voltage. At this stage C3, C1 resonates with the leakage inductance of transformer T1, C1 charges and C3 discharges. The charging loop of C1 is C1-Cb-T1-Q2 (D2) -C1, and the discharging loop of C3-Cb-T1-Q2 (D2) -Cbus-C3. When the C3 discharge is completed, the Q3 body diode D3 is naturally conducted. After Qs2 is turned on, the current of the branch where Qs2 is located gradually increases, and the current of the branch where Qs1 is located gradually decreases.
time t3-t 4: after D3 is conducted, Q3 is turned on, and Q3 is zero voltage on. The current path is Cbus-D3-Cb-T1 leakage inductance-D2-Cbus, and at the moment, the primary side voltage of the transformer is reversely added to the leakage inductance of the transformer, and the primary side current is rapidly reduced to 0.
time t4-t 5: the current of the primary side begins to increase reversely after the current is reduced to 0, and the current loop is Cbus-Q2-T1-Cb-Q3-Cbus. The low side current iQs1 continues to decrease and iQs2 continues to increase.
time t5-t 6: iQs1 is smaller, turn off Qs1, qs1 is turned off near zero current, qs2 is independently through-flowing, and reverse energy output is started. The working principle of the latter half period is the same as that of the former half period and is not described here.
The working principle of the device is that the inverter bridge unit and the synchronous rectification unit for charging are controlled by soft switches during the charging of the magnet, so that the switching loss is low. The low-voltage side voltage circuit has only two pipe voltage drops of Qs1 (or Qs 2) and Qinv, and the efficiency is high.
(2) During discharging, Q1-Q4 are turned off, and Qs1, qs2 are turned on. The discharge circuit consists of two parts: firstly, a chopper circuit consisting of a magnet coil, qinv, cbus1 and D17; the other is a DC/DC isolation power supply composed of Cbus1, Q5-Q8, D5-D8, capacitors connected in parallel with the Cbus1, Q5-Q8, and transformers T2, D13-D16, cbus.
The chopper circuit controls the falling speed of the magnet current. When Qinv is on, the magnet current freewheel loop is Lcoil-T1-Qs1 (Qs 2) -Qinv-Lf-Lcoil; when Qinv is turned off, the magnet coil charges the Cbus1 capacitor and the current loop is Lcoil-T1-Qs1 (Qs 2) -D17-Cbus1-Lf-Lcoil. The Qinv on-off duty cycle is controlled to control the discharge rate of the magnet current.
The DC/DC isolated power supply delivers energy on Cbus1 to Cbus, controlling the Cbus1 voltage to be constant within a certain range. Let the turn ratio of the high side to the low side of the transformer T2 be N, when the voltage on the capacitor Cbus1 times N is greater than the voltage on Cbus, the DC/DC isolated power supply can only work normally. The inverter circuit formed by Q5-Q8, D5-D8 and the parallel capacitor is controlled by soft switch. The control method is the same as the phase shift control of the charging circuit.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The superconducting magnet switching power supply with the energy feedback is characterized by comprising a magnet energy storage and chopping unit (1), a charging inverter bridge unit (2), a discharging inverter bridge unit (3) and a discharging rectifying unit (4);
the magnet energy storage and chopping unit (1) consists of a high-frequency transformer (T1) for charging, a first switch tube (Q1), a second switch tube (Q2), a first diode (D17), a superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil), a filter capacitor (Cf), a filter inductor (Lf), a switch tube (Qinv) and a second diode (Dinv), wherein an upper output port and a lower output port of the high-frequency transformer (T1) for charging are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the first switch tube (Q1) anti-parallel diode D1 and the positive electrode of the second switch tube (Q2) anti-parallel diode D2, one end of a filter capacitor (Cf) is connected with an intermediate output port of the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil), the negative electrodes of the first switch tube (Q1) and the second switch tube (Q2) are connected with the negative electrode of the first diode (Dinv) and the positive electrode of the first diode (D17), one end of the filter capacitor (Cf) is connected with one end of the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil) for charging in parallel, and the negative electrode of the filter capacitor (Cbus) is connected with one end of the first diode (Cbus) for charging is connected with the negative electrode of the first diode (Cf) at the low voltage;
the positive electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit (2) is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor (Cbus), the negative electrode of the direct current side of the charging inverter bridge unit (2) is connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor (Cbus), and the output end of the alternating current side of the charging inverter bridge unit (2) is connected with the primary side of the charging high-frequency transformer (T1);
the positive electrode input end of the direct current side of the discharging inverter bridge unit (3) is connected with the positive electrode of the first direct current bus capacitor (Cbus 1) at the low voltage side, the negative electrode input end of the direct current side of the discharging inverter bridge unit (3) is connected with the negative electrode of the first direct current bus capacitor (Cbus 1) at the low voltage side, and the alternating current output end of the discharging inverter bridge unit (3) is connected with the primary side of the high-frequency transformer (T2) for discharging;
the high-voltage side of the high-frequency transformer (T2) for discharging is connected with the alternating-current side of the rectifying unit (4) for discharging, the positive electrode of the rectifying unit (4) for discharging is connected with the positive electrode of the second direct-current bus capacitor (Cbus) at the high voltage side, and the negative electrode of the rectifying unit (4) for discharging is connected with the negative electrode of the second direct-current bus capacitor (Cbus) at the high voltage side;
bridge circuits in the charging inverter bridge unit (2) and the discharging inverter bridge unit (3) are all full-control devices, and the control of the full-control devices is controlled by soft switches;
when the switching power supply is used as a charging power supply to input energy to the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil), the switching tube (Qinv) keeps on state all the time, the charging inverter bridge unit (2) converts direct current of the second direct current bus capacitor (Cbus) at the high voltage side into high-frequency alternating current, and the charging inverter bridge unit (2) rectifies and filters the direct current with the first switching tube (Q1), the second switching tube (Q2) and the filter inductor (Lf) to become constant-voltage direct current to charge the magnet after filtering the constant-voltage direct current, and controls the charging speed of the superconducting magnet by controlling the on-off duty ratio of the full-control device in the charging inverter bridge unit (2).
2. The superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback according to claim 1, wherein: when the switch power supply realizes the energy storage feedback of the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil) to a power grid, the first switch tube (Q1) and the second switch tube (Q2) are always on, when the switch tube (Qinv) is turned off, the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil) current flows through the first switch tube (Q1), the second switch tube (Q2) and the first diode (D17), then a constant voltage direct current output is obtained through the filtering of the low-voltage side first direct current bus capacitor (Cbus 1), and then the constant voltage direct current output is conveyed to the high-voltage side second direct current bus capacitor (Cbus) through the discharging inverter bridge unit (3), the discharging high-frequency transformer (T2) and the discharging rectifying unit (4), and when the switch tube (Qinv) is turned on, the superconducting magnet coil (Lcoil) current flows through the first switch tube (Q1), the second switch tube (Q2) and the switch tube (Qinv) and the duty ratio of the switch tube (Qinv) is controlled through the on-off control of the switch tube (Qinv).
3. The superconducting magnet switching power supply with energy feedback according to claim 1, wherein: the switching tube (Qinv) in the magnet energy storage and chopping unit (1) is a fully-controlled device.
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