CN111355398B - Bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with DC/DC converter - Google Patents
Bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with DC/DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111355398B CN111355398B CN202010194379.XA CN202010194379A CN111355398B CN 111355398 B CN111355398 B CN 111355398B CN 202010194379 A CN202010194379 A CN 202010194379A CN 111355398 B CN111355398 B CN 111355398B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with a DC/DC converter, which comprises a bidirectional AC/DC circuit and a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, wherein the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit comprises a transformer, two H-bridge switching circuits and a full-wave rectification circuit; the first H-bridge switch circuit is connected with the first winding through a first resonant circuit, and the second H-bridge switch circuit is connected with the second winding through a second resonant circuit; the first ends of two half-wave rectification branches of the full-wave rectification circuit are respectively connected with the two ends of the third winding, the second end of the two half-wave rectification branches of the full-wave rectification circuit is connected with the first end of the output end of the full-wave rectification circuit, and the center tap of the third winding is connected with the second end of the output end of the full-wave rectification circuit; the half-wave rectification branch comprises a rectifying tube and a chopping tube, the rectifying tube is connected with a chopping tube in series by a common source, the rectifying tube and the chopping tube of the half-wave rectification branch are simultaneously switched on, the chopping tube and a switching tube at the same name end of the input side winding are simultaneously switched off, and the rectifying tube is switched off and delayed relative to the chopping tube. The invention can reduce the voltage stress of the half-wave rectification branch switching tube and reduce the risk of breakdown.
Description
[ technical field ]
The invention relates to a bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger, in particular to a bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with a DC/DC converter.
[ background art ]
The traditional vehicle-mounted charger and the vehicle-mounted DC/DC converter of the electric vehicle are both independent modules and work independently, and the vehicle-mounted power conversion part has large volume and weight.
The invention with the application number of CN201710559537.5 discloses a novel vehicle-mounted charger main circuit integrating a DC/DC converter and a control loop thereof, wherein the DC/DC converter and a vehicle-mounted OBC are electrically integrated, and bidirectional energy transfer of the vehicle-mounted OBC can be realized; in addition, a control strategy of synchronous rectification and PWM pulse width modulation wave transmission is adopted on the storage battery side, so that the efficiency of the DC/DC functional module is improved to a greater extent; the volume of the whole machine is greatly reduced, the cost is obviously reduced, and the power density is obviously improved.
However, the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer of the invention are provided with two resonant inductors, and the main transformer is provided with three magnetic components in total, so that the volume number of the magnetic components is large. In addition, a rectifying switch Q9 and a chopping switch Q12 of a third winding and a low-voltage winding of the high-frequency transformer are simultaneously turned on and off, and a rectifying switch Q10 and a chopping switch Q11 are simultaneously turned on and off. The control method is simple, but in an actual circuit, because the output current of the low-voltage winding often reaches more than 100A, when the rectifier switch and the chopper switch are turned off simultaneously, due to the wire parasitic inductance, the large current during the turn-off cannot be instantly reduced to 0, so that the junction capacitance of the rectifier tube is charged to a very high voltage, the potential of the common source pole is reduced, the drain-source voltage stress of the rectifier tube and the chopper tube is high, and the risk of breakdown is possible.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of an integrated DC/DC converter, which reduces the voltage stress of a half-wave rectification branch switching tube and reduces the risk of breakdown.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with the DC/DC converter comprises a bidirectional AC/DC circuit and a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, wherein the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge switching circuit, a second H-bridge switching circuit and a full-wave rectification circuit; the transformer comprises a first winding, a second winding and a third winding, and the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is connected with the first H-bridge switching circuit through a direct-current bus; the midpoint of the first H-bridge switching circuit is connected with the first winding through a first resonant circuit, and the midpoint of the second H-bridge switching circuit is connected with the second winding through a second resonant circuit; the output end of the full-wave rectifying circuit is used for supplying power to a vehicle storage battery; the full-wave rectifying circuit comprises two half-wave rectifying branches, the third winding comprises a center tap, the first ends of the two half-wave rectifying branches are respectively connected with the two ends of the third winding, the second ends of the two half-wave rectifying branches are connected with the first end of the output end of the full-wave rectifying circuit, and the center tap is connected with the second end of the output end of the full-wave rectifying circuit; the half-wave rectification branch circuit comprises a rectifying tube and a chopping tube, wherein the rectifying tube is connected with a chopping tube common source in series, the rectifying tube and the chopping tube of the half-wave rectification branch circuit are simultaneously switched on, the chopping tube and a switching tube at the same name end of the input side winding are simultaneously switched off, and the rectifying tube is switched off and delayed relative to the chopping tube.
The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit realizes the output gain of the full-wave rectifying circuit by adjusting the chopping duty ratio of the chopping tube.
In the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit, the switching frequency of the half-wave rectification branch is the same as that of the switching tube of the input side winding, the rectifier tube and the chopper tube are simultaneously switched on, the chopper tube and the switching tube at the same name end of the input side winding are simultaneously switched off, and the rectifier tube is switched off and delayed relative to the chopper tube.
The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit is characterized in that the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is a full-bridge switch circuit, the bidirectional AC/DC circuit works in an SPWM rectification mode in a forward direction and works in an SPWM inversion mode in a reverse direction, the alternating current side of the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit is connected with the alternating current input port through the LC circuit, and the direct current side of the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit is connected with the direct current bus.
According to the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit, when the vehicle-mounted charger works in the forward direction, the first H-bridge switching circuit controls the transmission gain output by the second H-bridge switching circuit by adjusting the switching frequency; when the vehicle-mounted charger works reversely, the second H-bridge switching circuit controls the transmission gain output to the direct-current bus by the first H-bridge switching circuit by adjusting the switching frequency.
The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit comprises three working modes:
in the first mode, power is taken from an alternating current side, the power is converted into bus direct current through a bidirectional AC/DC circuit, the first winding serves as an input side, energy is transmitted to the second winding and the third winding, and a power battery and a storage battery are charged;
in the second mode, power is taken from the power battery, the second winding is used as an input side, power is supplied to the third winding, and the storage battery is charged;
and in the third mode, power is taken from the power battery, the second winding is used as an input side, power is supplied to the direct-current bus, power is supplied to the alternating-current side load through the A bidirectional AC/DC circuit inversion, and power is supplied to the third winding to charge the storage battery.
The invention can reduce the voltage stress of the half-wave rectification branch switching tube and reduce the risk of breakdown of the switching tube. .
[ description of the drawings ]
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger integrated with a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the vehicle-mounted charger according to the first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the vehicle-mounted charger in the second mode according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the vehicle-mounted charger mode three according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of low voltage PWM chopper modulation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a magnetically integrated LLCC according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description of the invention ]
The circuit of the bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger integrated with the DC/DC converter in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1. The front stage of the circuit consists of a bidirectional AC/DC circuit which consists of a full-bridge switch circuit 10, an AC inductor L1 and a capacitor C1. The alternating current side terminal is connected with the middle points of two half bridges of a full-bridge switching circuit consisting of 4 switching tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 through an LC circuit consisting of an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1, and the direct current end of the full-bridge switching circuit is connected with a bus capacitor C2.
The bi-directional DC/DC conversion circuit comprises a high frequency transformer T1 (50) comprising three windings, a first high voltage winding 51, a second high voltage winding 52 and a low voltage winding 53, the low voltage winding 53 having a center tap. The high-frequency transformer integrated winding 51 has a leakage inductance Lr1 for the winding 52, the winding 52 has a leakage inductance Lr2 for the winding 51, and the integrated leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer participates in circuit resonance. The high-voltage winding 51 is connected with the midpoint of an H-bridge switching circuit 20 through a resonant capacitor Cr1, and the H-bridge switching circuit 20 is composed of switching tubes Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8. The dc terminal of the H-bridge switching circuit 20 is connected to a dc bus. The high voltage winding 52 is connected to the midpoint of the full bridge switching circuit 30 through a resonant capacitor Cr2, and the H bridge switching circuit 30 is composed of switching tubes Q9, Q10, Q11, and Q12. And the direct current end and the high voltage port of the H-bridge switching circuit 30 are connected with the capacitor C3 and the power battery. The low-voltage winding 53 is connected with the full-wave rectification chopper circuit 40, the output of the full-wave rectification chopper circuit 40 is connected with a low-voltage port and a capacitor C4, and the low-voltage port and the capacitor C4 are connected with a low-voltage storage battery. The first half-wave rectification chopping branch of the full-wave rectification chopping circuit 40 is formed by connecting a rectifying tube Q13 and a chopping tube Q15 in series by common source, and the second half-wave rectification chopping branch is formed by connecting a rectifying tube Q14 and a chopping tube Q16 in series by common source.
When the front-stage bidirectional AC/DC circuit is charged in the forward direction, the SPWM rectification converts the single-phase alternating current into the bus direct current, and when the front-stage bidirectional AC/DC circuit is discharged in the reverse direction, the SPWM inversion inverts the bus direct current into the single-phase alternating current to supply power to the alternating current load.
The magnetic integration bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention has three working modes:
and when the high-frequency transformer works in a mode, the circuit takes power from an alternating current side, the power is converted into bus direct current through the AC/DC circuit, the first winding of the high-frequency transformer serves as an input side, and energy is transferred to the second winding and the third winding to charge a power battery and a low-voltage storage battery.
And when the circuit works in the second mode, the circuit obtains electricity from the power battery, and the second winding is used as an input side to supply power to the third winding to charge the low-voltage storage battery.
And when the circuit works in the third mode, the circuit obtains power from the power battery, the second winding serves as an input side and supplies power to the bus, the AC/DC circuit is used for inverting to supply power to the AC load, the third winding is used for supplying power, and the storage battery is charged.
In the first mode or the third mode, when the low-voltage output needs to adjust the output gain, the chopping switch adjusts the chopping duty ratio to adjust the low-voltage output. The chopper tube Q15 is driven off at the same time as the switch on the end of the input side winding. The drive of the rectifier tube Q13 is turned on simultaneously with the chopper tube Q15. The drive of the rectifier Q13 is delayed from the cut-off of the chopper Q15. The drive of the chopper tube Q16 is turned off at the same time as the switch of the same-name terminal of the input side winding. The drive of the rectifier Q14 turns on simultaneously with the chopper Q16. The drive turn-off of the rectifier Q14 is delayed from the turn-off of the chopper Q16.
As shown in fig. 2, when the circuit operates in the first mode, power is taken from the AC port, and is converted into DC energy after being subjected to SPWM rectification by the AC/DC full bridge switching circuit 10. The H-bridge switching circuit 20 connected to the first winding 51 of the high-frequency transformer at this time serves as an input side switch for charging the power battery through the second winding 52 of the high-frequency transformer and for charging the low-voltage battery through the third winding 53 of the high-frequency transformer. The full bridge switching circuit 30 connected to the second winding 52 keeps following the H bridge switching circuit 20 for synchronous rectification. In the working mode, the first winding 51 serves as a primary winding, the leakage inductance Lr1, the excitation inductance Lm1, the resonant capacitance Cr1 and the resonant capacitance Cr2 of the second winding 52 participate in resonance together, and the circuit works in the LLCC mode. The H-bridge switching circuit 20 controls the transmission gain of the high voltage output of the H-bridge switching circuit 30 by adjusting the switching frequency. The low-voltage side full-wave rectification chopper circuit 40 needs to adjust the chopping duty ratio and adjust the low-voltage output transmission gain.
As shown in fig. 3, when the circuit is operating in mode two, power is drawn from the power cell dc port. The H-bridge switching circuit 30 connected to the high-frequency transformer second winding 52 at this time serves as an input side switch for charging the low-voltage battery through the high-frequency transformer third winding 53. At this time, the second winding 52 participates in resonance with respect to the leakage inductance Lr3 of the third winding 52, the excitation inductance Lm2 of the second winding, and the resonant capacitor Cr2, and the circuit operates in the LLC mode. The low-voltage side full-wave rectification chopper circuit 40 rectifies synchronously with the input side switch 30, and the input side switch 30 adjusts the low-voltage output transmission gain by adjusting the switching frequency.
As shown in fig. 4, when the circuit is operating in mode three, power is drawn from the power cell dc port. The H-bridge switching circuit 30 connected to the high-frequency transformer second winding 52 at this time serves as an input side switch for charging the low-voltage battery through the high-frequency transformer third winding 53 and supplying power to the bus capacitor C2 through the first winding 51. And the bus capacitor supplies power to an alternating current load through the AC/DC full bridge 10 reverse working SPWM inversion. At this time, the second winding 52 participates in resonance with respect to the leakage inductance Lr2 of the first winding 51, the excitation inductance Lm2 of the second winding, and the resonance capacitances Cr2 and Cr1, and the circuit operates in the LLCC mode. The H-bridge switching circuit 20 connected to the first winding 51 keeps following the H-bridge switching circuit 30 for synchronous rectification at this time. The H-bridge switching circuit 30 controls the transmission gain output from the H-bridge switching circuit 20 to the dc bus by adjusting the switching frequency.
In the second mode or the third mode, the low-voltage output gain can be adjusted by adjusting the switching frequency of the H-bridge switching circuit 30, and the low-voltage output transmission gain can also be adjusted by adjusting the chopping duty ratio.
Fig. 6 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit operating in mode one LLCC mode. At this time, the secondary side resonant capacitor Cr2 is equivalent to the primary side resonant capacitor Cr2_ eq. And the turn ratio of the first winding and the second winding of the high-frequency transformer is n. The equivalent resonance capacitance Cr2_ eq satisfies Cr2_ eq = Cr2/n 2 . The primary resonant frequency satisfies:
in this embodiment, taking the ratio of the number of turns of the first winding to the number of turns of the second winding to the number of turns of the third winding as 17. Thus Cr2_ eq = Cr2. The leakage inductance Lr1= Lr2=20uH, the resonance capacitance Cr1= Cr2=253nF, and the magnetizing inductance Lm1= Lm2=120uH, so that the resonance frequency fr =100KHz is taken. Similarly, when the mode three is operated, the resonant frequency is also 100KHz.
Therefore, when the vehicle-mounted charger works in the forward and reverse directions, the vehicle-mounted charger can work in an LLCC mode, the primary side and the secondary side can resonate soft switches, leakage inductance is integrated through a transformer to participate in circuit resonance soft switching, magnetic devices of a circuit are greatly reduced, and power density is increased.
When the circuit works in the second mode, the excitation inductance Lm2 of the second winding, the leakage inductance Lr3 of the second winding to the third winding and the resonant capacitor Cr2 participate in resonant work, and the circuit is in an LLC working mode. In the present embodiment, lr3=26uH, and thus the resonance frequency is fr =62KHz.
As shown in fig. 5, the critical waveforms are shown for operation in mode one, with the low voltage winding side operating for rectification and PWM chopping. At t1, the input side switching tubes Q5 and Q8 are turned on, and the input side charges the second winding side power battery. At t2, the low-voltage side rectifying tube Q13 and the chopper tube Q15 are switched on, the winding voltage at the connection part of the low-voltage side rectifying tube Q13 and the chopper tube Q15 is in the positive direction, and the low-voltage winding transfers energy to the low-voltage output side. At t3, chopper Q15 is turned off, rectifier Q13 is not turned off, and the low-voltage side current rapidly drops to 0 through Q15 body diode. After t4 the rectifier Q13 is switched off. As shown in fig. 5, the low voltage output voltage V4=16.4V. In one period, the drain-source voltage Vds of the rectifier tube Q13 does not exceed 30V, and the drain-source voltage Vds of the chopper tube Q15 does not exceed 50V. Similarly, the operating states of Q14 and Q16 during the other half of the cycle are also as described above. Therefore, the method can effectively avoid the problem of voltage stress of the low-voltage side switch caused by the cut-off of large current.
The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of the DC/DC converter can realize the bidirectional function of the vehicle-mounted charger and charge the low-voltage storage battery. Through the magnetic integration of the high-frequency transformer, the integrated leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer is used as the resonant inductance to participate in the circuit work, only the alternating current inductance and the high-frequency transformer are needed, the number of magnetic devices of a power circuit is greatly reduced, and the power density of the whole converter is improved. The voltage stress of the low-voltage side switch caused by the cut-off of large current can be effectively reduced by a new control method of the low-voltage side rectifier switch and the chopper switch.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be taken as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and changes to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit integrated with a DC/DC converter comprises a bidirectional AC/DC circuit and a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, wherein the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge switching circuit, a second H-bridge switching circuit and a full-wave rectification circuit; the transformer comprises a first winding, a second winding and a third winding, and the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is connected with the first H-bridge switching circuit through a direct-current bus; the midpoint of the first H-bridge switching circuit is connected with the first winding through a first resonant circuit, and the midpoint of the second H-bridge switching circuit is connected with the second winding through a second resonant circuit; the output end of the full-wave rectifying circuit is used for supplying power to a vehicle storage battery; the full-wave rectification circuit is characterized by comprising two half-wave rectification branches, a third winding comprises a center tap, the first ends of the two half-wave rectification branches are respectively connected with the two ends of the third winding, the second ends of the two half-wave rectification branches are connected with the first end of the output end of the full-wave rectification circuit, and the center tap is connected with the second end of the output end of the full-wave rectification circuit; the half-wave rectification branch circuit comprises a rectifying tube and a chopping tube, wherein the rectifying tube is connected with a chopping tube common source in series, the rectifying tube and the chopping tube of the half-wave rectification branch circuit are simultaneously switched on, the chopping tube and a switching tube at the same name end of the input side winding are simultaneously switched off, and the rectifying tube is switched off and delayed relative to the chopping tube.
2. The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of claim 1, wherein the output gain to the full-wave rectifier circuit is achieved by adjusting a chopping duty cycle of the chopping tube.
3. The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of claim 1, wherein a switching frequency of the half-wave rectification branch is the same as a switching frequency of the input side winding switching tube.
4. The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of claim 1, wherein the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is a full-bridge switch circuit, and is operated in forward direction in SPWM rectification mode and in reverse direction in SPWM inversion mode, and the AC side of the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is connected to the AC input port through the LC circuit and the DC side of the bidirectional AC/DC circuit is connected to the DC bus.
5. The bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger circuit of claim 1, wherein when the vehicle-mounted charger operates in a forward direction, the first H-bridge switching circuit controls the transmission gain of the output of the second H-bridge switching circuit by adjusting the switching frequency; when the vehicle-mounted charger works reversely, the second H-bridge switching circuit controls the transmission gain output to the direct-current bus by the first H-bridge switching circuit by adjusting the switching frequency.
6. The bi-directional vehicle charger circuit of claim 1, comprising three modes of operation:
in the first mode, power is taken from an alternating current side, the power is converted into bus direct current through a bidirectional AC/DC circuit, the first winding serves as an input side, energy is transmitted to the second winding and the third winding, and a power battery and a storage battery are charged;
in the second mode, power is taken from the power battery, the second winding is used as an input side, power is supplied to the third winding, and the storage battery is charged;
and in the third mode, power is taken from the power battery, the second winding is used as an input side, power is supplied to the direct-current bus, power is supplied to the alternating-current side load through the A bidirectional AC/DC circuit inversion, and power is supplied to the third winding to charge the storage battery.
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| US11594973B2 (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2023-02-28 | Delta Electronics Inc. | Multiple-port bidirectional converter and control method thereof |
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| CN112865263A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-05-28 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Charging and discharging control method and application device |
| CN112994174A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-18 | 威海东兴电子有限公司 | Magnetic integrated switching power supply conversion system |
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| GB2615871A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-08-23 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Electrical vehicle circuitry |
| GB2613830A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-21 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Electrical vehicle circuitry |
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