CN109809512B - Temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and device - Google Patents
Temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109809512B CN109809512B CN201711161936.2A CN201711161936A CN109809512B CN 109809512 B CN109809512 B CN 109809512B CN 201711161936 A CN201711161936 A CN 201711161936A CN 109809512 B CN109809512 B CN 109809512B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and device, belonging to the technical field of seawater desalination. The main components comprise a shell, a cold and fresh water spray pipe, a hot and seawater spray pipe, a heat source water tank, a fresh water cooling water tank, a circulating water pump, a liquid receiving tank and the like. The feed seawater passes through the fresh water cooling tank, the sensible heat of the fresh water is recovered, then the feed seawater is further heated to the working temperature through the heat source water tank, and the feed seawater is sprayed to the seawater receiving tank below through the hot seawater spraying pipe. The cold fresh water showering pipes and the hot seawater showering pipes are densely and alternately distributed, and the cold fresh water is showered to the lower fresh water receiving tank through the cold fresh water showering pipes to complete the circulation process. The method utilizes the principle that hot seawater generates hot steam in the falling process, and the steam meets cold fresh water flow falling around and meets condensation knots to generate fresh water. The fresh water in the fresh water receiving tank flows into the fresh water cooling tank through the pipeline, after the fresh water exchanges heat with the cold seawater and is cooled, part of the fresh water is sent to the cold fresh water spray pipe again through the water pump for recycling, and the other part of the fresh water is sent to a user through the overflow pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seawater desalination, high-salinity wastewater treatment and enhanced heat exchange, and particularly relates to a temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and device.
Background
Most of the water resources on earth are stored in seawater. The seawater desalination technology is an important approach for solving the shortage of fresh water resources. The device can ensure the supply of purified water for coastal residents, ships, rural brackish water areas and islands, and can also treat waste sewage for factories to protect the environment. At present, the seawater desalination technology mainly comprises a reverse osmosis membrane method and a distillation method. The reverse osmosis membrane method needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, is not strong in economy and is not friendly to the environment. Conventional distillation processes, such as low temperature multi-effect or multi-stage flash systems, require operation under vacuum. Therefore, the investment cost is high, the structure is complex, and the control is not easy. In addition, the system has high mass transfer resistance and low energy efficiency utilization rate in the heat exchange process of evaporation and condensation. Therefore, the search for a system which does not need vacuum pumping and reduces the mass transfer resistance becomes the main direction of evaporation and condensation type seawater desalination.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior seawater desalination and improve the desalination efficiency, the invention designs a temperature difference fluid interactive falling evaporation and condensation type seawater desalination method and a device. In the present invention, hot seawater falls from top to bottom in the free space, continuously evaporating during the fall, while cold fresh water also falls from top to bottom. Because the temperature difference exists between the cold fluid and the hot fluid, the partial pressure of the water vapor on the surface of the hot seawater fluid is large, and the partial pressure of the water vapor on the surface of the cold fresh water is low, so that mass transfer power exists between the hot fluid and the cold fluid, the hot vapor is condensed on the surface of the cold fresh water, the quality of the fresh water is increased, and the seawater desalination process is realized. The device can be operated under normal pressure or negative pressure; and the steam of the hot seawater is directly condensed at the cold fresh water, so that the short-distance heat and mass transfer is realized. The mass transfer distance between the temperature difference fluids is small, the mass transfer resistance is greatly reduced, and a high-efficiency mass transfer system is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and a device. The seawater can be heated by using solar energy, industrial waste heat or marine engine waste heat as a heat source, and when cold and hot fluids drop in a cross mode, hot steam generated around the hot seawater shower column is directly condensed on the surface of cold fresh water to obtain fresh water, so that efficient heat and mass transfer is realized. The device has the advantages of wide application, high energy utilization rate, wide heat source application source and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the system mainly comprises a cold and fresh water spray pipe, a hot seawater spray pipe, a fresh water receiving tank, a strong brine receiving tank, a heat source water tank, a fresh water circulating pump and a fresh water cooling tank.
The cold and hot water showering pipes and the hot seawater showering pipes are alternately arranged above the inner part of the device shell, and the cold and hot showering holes below the showering pipes are alternately arranged. The spray pipe can spray out a superfine liquid column. The shock showering pipes are directly and tightly arranged, so that the distance between the sprayed cold fresh water column and the hot seawater water column is as small as possible, the mass transfer thermal resistance is reduced, and the device achieves good heat and mass transfer efficiency; meanwhile, the cold fluid and the hot fluid can not contact with each other in the falling process, so that the pollution of the fresh water is caused. The lower part is provided with a receiving water tank which correspondingly receives fresh water and strong brine. The strong brine receiving tank is communicated with the strong brine output pipe, and the fresh water receiving tank is also communicated with the fresh water cooling tank through a pipeline.
The fresh water in the fresh water receiving tank flows into and is filled with the fresh water cooling tank through a pipeline. The feed seawater is input into the heat exchange coil pipe in the fresh water cooling tank through the cold seawater input pipe to absorb the sensible heat of the fresh water, thereby cooling the fresh water. The cooled fresh water flows through a fresh water circulating pump through a pipeline below the fresh water cooling box and is pumped into the fresh water spray pipe for recycling. A fresh water overflow pipe is arranged above the fresh water cooling tank, and redundant fresh water generated by the system is transmitted to users for use through the fresh water overflow pipe.
The cold seawater input pipe is firstly communicated with a heat exchange coil in the fresh water cooling tank, so that the feed seawater absorbs the sensible heat of the condensed fresh water in the fresh water cooling tank. And (4) introducing the primarily heated seawater into a heat source water tank, and further heating to a working temperature. The heated seawater enters a hot seawater spraying pipe to be sprayed into a strong brine receiving tank below. The collected strong brine is led out through a strong brine output pipe.
The working principle of the invention is that the seawater and the fresh water with temperature difference fall from the upper part at the same time, the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the hot seawater fluid is large, and the water vapor partial pressure on the surface of the cold fresh water is low, so mass transfer power exists between the hot and cold fluids, the hot vapor is condensed on the surface of the cold fresh water, the quality of the fresh water is increased, and the seawater desalination process is realized. The smaller the radius, the larger the side surface area to volume ratio due to the same height cylinder. Because the spray holes on the spray pipes are very fine, the effective heat exchange area for spreading the cold and hot fluids of unit mass is very large in the process of spraying hot seawater and cold fresh water by the device, so that the invention has very large heat exchange area and high desalination efficiency. Specifically, the hot seawater cascade has a higher water vapor partial pressure than the cold seawater cascade, and therefore the hot steam moves toward the cold seawater cascade. The hot steam is condensed into fresh water after meeting cold fresh water to spray a water column, and simultaneously releases latent heat of condensation to flow down along the fresh water. Therefore, the fresh water receiving tank receives more fresh water than the cold water showering pipe and has higher temperature. And the strong brine that strong brine receiving tank received is less than the hot sea water that the pipe spun, and concentration is higher, and the temperature is lower. Because the cold and hot showering pipes are densely distributed, the mass transfer distance between the cold fluid and the hot fluid is very small, and no other medium except air prevents the transfer of water vapor, so the mass transfer resistance is very small. This greatly improves the mass transfer effect and thus the seawater desalination yield. Especially when the system is operated at negative pressure, the air between the cold and hot fluids is thinner, which further reduces the mass transfer resistance.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
(1) the hot seawater and the cold fresh water with different temperatures are sprayed out of the thin columnar fluid through the spray pipe, so that the side surface area of the unit mass of the fluid is increased, and the fluid is easier to evaporate or condense. Therefore, the working temperature required by the device operation is lower, and the mass transfer efficiency is higher.
(2) The distance between the cold fluid column and the hot fluid column is very close, and no other medium is used for preventing the water vapor from transferring between the cold fluid column and the hot fluid column except air, so that the mass transfer resistance is small, and the seawater desalination yield is high.
(3) In the fresh water cooling tank, the sensible heat of the high-temperature fresh water can be used for primarily heating the feeding seawater, so that the energy consumption of the system is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
(4) The device can utilize solar energy, industrial waste heat or marine engine waste heat and the like as heat sources to heat seawater, and the heat sources are wide in source and environment-friendly.
(5) The device has compact integral design, simple structure, large-scale use, and good economical efficiency and practicability.
(6) The device can be used for seawater and brackish water desalination and factory sewage treatment, and is also suitable for other working conditions requiring high-efficiency mass transfer.
(7) The device can operate under the working condition of negative pressure, so that the air between cold fluid and hot fluid is thinner, and the mass transfer resistance is further reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Figure 1-a schematic diagram of the operation of the system of the present invention. Wherein: 1-a housing; 2-cold fresh water spray pipe; 3-hot seawater shock showering pipe; 4-cold fresh water shock showering water column; 5-hot seawater shock showering water column; 6-spraying holes; 7-a heat source water tank; 8-fresh water circulating water pump; 9-cold seawater input pipe; 10-fresh water cooling tank; 11-a fresh water overflow pipe; 12-a fresh water receiving tank; 13-a strong brine receiving tank; 14-strong brine discharge pipe 14. The cold and fresh water showering pipe 2 and the hot seawater showering pipe 3 are arranged above the inner part of the device shell, and showering holes 6 are distributed below the showering pipes.
Fig. 2-bottom view of the shower pipe.
Figure 3-a schematic cross-sectional view of the receiving cell.
Figure 4-figure of the present invention system with negative pressure. Wherein: 16-vacuum valve.
Figure 5-example of the inventive system with a lead line evaporative condensation. Wherein: 15-a drainage wire.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the height arrangement of the cold water showering pipe and the hot seawater showering pipe in the system of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention in which the shower pipe is linear.
Fig. 8-is a diagram of an embodiment of the two-stage evaporation and condensation of the system of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the system of the present invention. In fig. 1, the operating principle of the device can be explained in steps as follows: feeding seawater to a fresh water cooling tank (10) to recover sensible heat of the fresh water therein; then further heated to working temperature by a heat source water tank (7); then the water is sprayed to a strong brine receiving tank (13) below through a hot seawater spraying pipe (3); the cold and fresh water showering pipes (2) and the hot seawater showering pipes (3) are arranged densely and alternately; the cold fresh water is sprayed to the lower fresh water receiving tank (12) through the cold fresh water spray pipe (2) to complete the circulation process. The method utilizes the principle that hot seawater generates hot steam in the falling process, and the steam meets cold fresh water flow falling around and meets condensation knots to generate fresh water. Fresh water in the fresh water receiving tank (12) flows into the fresh water cooling tank (10) through a pipeline, after heat exchange and cooling with cold seawater, part of the fresh water is sent to the cold fresh water spray pipe (2) again through the fresh water circulating water pump (8) for recycling, and the redundant part of the fresh water is sent to users through a fresh water overflow pipe (11) above the fresh water cooling tank (10).
Figure 2 is a bottom view of the shower tube of the system of the present invention. Because the cold water showering pipes (2) and the hot seawater showering pipes (3) are closely and alternately arranged, the showering holes (6) on the showering pipes are densely and alternately arranged. Therefore, the mass transfer distance between the cold seawater showering water column (4) showered by the showering holes (6) and the hot seawater showering water column (5) is small, so that the mass transfer resistance is reduced, and the seawater desalination yield of the system is improved. Meanwhile, the distance between the spraying holes (6) cannot be too small, otherwise, the cold fluid and the hot fluid are mutually contacted in the falling process, and the fresh water is polluted.
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a receiving cell of the system of the present invention. A fresh water receiving tank (12) and a concentrated brine receiving tank (13) are respectively arranged below the cold fresh water showering pipe (2) and the hot seawater showering pipe (3) and used for collecting fresh water and concentrated brine. The receiving tank is required to receive and collect the liquid falling vertically downwards and prevent the liquid from splashing out after falling into the tank. Which is configured in a circular groove shape having an opening toward an upper horn. The lower part of the cross section of the receiving groove is arc-shaped and is used for receiving liquid; an upward horn opening is arranged above the water tank, and is used for preventing liquid from splashing in the falling process to cause pollution or waste of fresh water. Liquid output ports are uniformly distributed below the fresh water receiving tank (12) and the concentrated brine receiving tank (13), and are respectively connected with the fresh water cooling tank (10) or the concentrated brine output pipe (14) through pipelines.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present invention with negative pressure. A vacuum valve (16) on the housing (1) may be used to draw out a portion of the air so that the pressure inside the housing (1) is below ambient atmospheric pressure. At this point, the boiling point of the seawater is reduced and the hot seawater is more easily evaporated. Therefore, the working temperature of the heat source water tank (7) can be properly reduced, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of an embodiment of the system of the present invention with a lead line for evaporative condensation. The cold fresh water spray pipe (2) and the spray holes (6) on the hot seawater spray pipe (3) are connected with the corresponding fresh water receiving tank (12) and the concentrated brine receiving tank (13) by a drainage wire (15). The drainage wire (15) can help avoid the condition that the cold fresh water spray water column (4) and the hot seawater spray water column (5) are branched at the lower part and the seawater and fresh water are polluted in the spraying process. Therefore, the installation height of the cold fresh water spray pipe (2) and the hot seawater spray pipe (3) in the device can be properly raised, or the distance between the spray holes (6) can be properly reduced. Therefore, in the spraying process, the seawater can be more fully evaporated and condensed, and the seawater desalination yield is improved.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of an embodiment of the arrangement of the height of the cold water showering pipe and the hot seawater showering pipe in the system of the present invention. The installation position of the cold water spray pipe (2) is slightly higher than that of the hot seawater spray pipe (3). Since the high-temperature humid air has low density, the air can automatically move upwards. The cold and fresh water showering water column (4) part higher than the hot seawater showering water column (5) can help to condense the moisture in the hot and humid air moving upwards, so that the mass transfer is more sufficient, and the yield of seawater desalination is further improved.
FIG. 7 is a line-shaped drawing of the shower pipe of the system of the present invention. The position of a spray opening (6) on the spray pipe is linear. Thus, the sprayed fluid is thin. The heat exchange surface between the cold fluid and the hot fluid is a plane. The advantage of this design is to the volume is limited to swash the device that drenches mouthful (6) interval and can't process very intensive, heat transfer surface between the thermoelectric fluid is great. And the processing requirement precision of the spray pipe with the linear spray port is relatively lower than that of the spray pipe with the spray port in a hole shape, so that the cost of the device is reduced.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an embodiment of the two-stage evaporative condensation of the system of the present invention. The upper half part of the device is a first-stage evaporation and condensation system, and the lower half part of the device is a second-stage evaporation and condensation system. The hot seawater and the cold fresh water are sprayed out through the cold fresh water spray pipe (2) and the hot seawater spray pipe (3) of the first stage, and the seawater is desalted through evaporation and condensation. The concentrated seawater received by the first-stage concentrated brine receiving tank (13) is sequentially introduced into a second-stage fresh water cooling tank (10) and a second-stage heat source water tank (7) for heating, and then enters a second-stage hot seawater spray pipe (3) for further evaporation and condensation. The first-stage fresh water overflow pipe is communicated with the second-stage fresh water overflow pipe (14) to convey the produced fresh water to users for use. Although evaporation absorbs heat, the seawater in the first-stage strong brine output pipe is preheated, so that the energy required by the second-stage heat source water tank 7 is less. Therefore, the method can fully utilize the energy input by the primary heat source water tank (7) and extract the fresh water in the limited seawater.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination device is characterized by comprising the following parts: 1 to a plurality of cold and fresh water spray pipes (2), 1 to a plurality of hot seawater spray pipes (3), 1 to a plurality of fresh water receiving tanks (12), 1 to a plurality of strong brine receiving tanks (13), a heat source water tank (7), a fresh water circulating water pump (8) and a fresh water cooling tank (10);
the connection relationship of each part is that a cold water showering pipe (2) and a hot seawater showering pipe (3) are arranged above the inner part of the device shell (1), and showering holes (6) are distributed on the showering pipes; a plurality of rows of fresh water receiving grooves (12) and concentrated brine receiving grooves (13) are alternately arranged below the inner part of the device shell (1); the strong brine receiving tank (13) is communicated with a strong brine output pipe (14); the fresh water receiving groove (12) is communicated with the fresh water cooling tank (10) through a pipeline; the upper part of the fresh water cooling tank (10) is connected with a fresh water overflow pipe (11), and the lower part of the fresh water cooling tank (10) is connected with a cold and fresh water spray pipe (2) through a fresh water circulating water pump (8); the cold seawater input pipe (9) passes through the fresh water cooling tank (10) through the heat exchanger and then passes through the heat source water tank (7) and then is connected with the hot seawater spray pipe (3);
the spray holes (6) on the cold water spray pipe (2) and the spray holes (6) on the hot seawater spray pipe (3) are densely and alternately arranged, so that cold water spray columns (4) and hot seawater spray columns (5) with temperature differences can be respectively sprayed, the sprayed fluids are close enough but can not be in contact with each other, relatively more hot steam is generated on the surface of the hot seawater spray columns (5), and the hot steam is directly condensed by the cold water spray columns (4) to generate fresh water, thereby realizing seawater desalination.
2. The temperature difference fluid interactive drop-type seawater desalination device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fresh water receiving tank (12) and a concentrated brine receiving tank (13) are respectively arranged below the cold fresh water showering pipe (2) and the hot seawater showering pipe (3) for collecting fresh water and concentrated brine; liquid output ports are uniformly distributed below the fresh water receiving tank (12) and the concentrated brine receiving tank (13), and are respectively connected with the fresh water cooling tank (10) or the concentrated brine output pipe (14) through pipelines.
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| CN201711161936.2A CN109809512B (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2017-11-21 | Temperature difference fluid interactive falling type seawater desalination method and device |
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| CN200954400Y (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-10-03 | 中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 | Atmospheric transverse-tube falling-film evaporation condenser |
| CN201678475U (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Solar seawater desalination device |
| CN102215927A (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-10-12 | 纯净源公司 | Large-scale water purification and desalination |
| CN104828890A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Sun-drying type seawater desalination device having active condensation function and method |
| WO2017069031A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | 株式会社シーアイピーソフト | Water treatment device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015069622A1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-14 | Heartland Technology Partners Llc | Method and device for concentrating dissolved solids in flowback and produced water from natural gas wells |
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- 2017-11-21 CN CN201711161936.2A patent/CN109809512B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200954400Y (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-10-03 | 中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 | Atmospheric transverse-tube falling-film evaporation condenser |
| CN102215927A (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-10-12 | 纯净源公司 | Large-scale water purification and desalination |
| CN201678475U (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Solar seawater desalination device |
| CN104828890A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Sun-drying type seawater desalination device having active condensation function and method |
| WO2017069031A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | 株式会社シーアイピーソフト | Water treatment device |
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