CN109805027B - Seed coating agent formula for preventing and treating wheat take-all - Google Patents
Seed coating agent formula for preventing and treating wheat take-all Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed coating formula for preventing and treating wheat take-all disease, which consists of a bactericide and a seed initiating and resistance inducing agent, wherein the bactericide consists of silthiopham and thiabendazole, and the seed initiating and resistance inducing agent consists of salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin; the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 2 to 40 percent of bactericide, 0.0005 to 0.05 percent of salicylic acid, 0.00001 to 0.001 percent of brassinolide and 0.001 to 0.1 percent of gibberellin, and the mixture has better effects of promoting seed germination and strengthening seedlings on wheat seeds; the silthiopham and the probenazole in the invention both have low toxicity and are safe to human and livestock, beneficial organisms and environment; can delay the drug resistance of germs to a single medicament.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural bactericides, and particularly relates to a sterilizing composition of silthiopham and thiabendazole.
Background
Wheat take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici infection is a devastating soil-borne disease in wheat production. The wheat take-all disease is also called black foot disease, pathogenic bacteria are infected from the root of wheat at first to destroy the root system and form black roots, the root system is prevented from absorbing nutrient substances, the tillering rate, the effective spike number, the spike grain number and the thousand grain weight are reduced, wheat is caused to form white spikes and wither at the later stage, and the quality and the yield of the wheat are seriously damaged. In recent years, along with the change of farming modes, a great amount of straws are returned to the field and mechanically operated in a cross-region mode, so that the degree and the range of the wheat full-rot disease are gradually increased. At present, varieties with better resistance to wheat take-all disease are lacked in production, and the prevention and control are mainly carried out by relying on chemical pesticides. The infection of wheat take-all pathogen has a latent period, no symptom is shown in the early stage, and the like, and the infection cannot be saved after the symptom is found, and because the infection is a soil-borne disease, the application cost of the wheat after seedling emergence is high, the effect is poor, and the operability is basically unavailable. The seed coating agent is used for early prevention of seed coating, and is the most effective way for preventing and controlling the wheat take-all disease. However, with the common use of the pesticide, how to delay the generation and development of the drug resistance of the wheat take-all disease to a greater extent, prolong the service life of each component in the bactericidal composition, and develop the wheat take-all disease prevention and control pesticide to realize economic, efficient, environment-friendly and sustainable prevention and control becomes a strategic problem to be solved urgently in wheat production.
Silthiopham (Silthiopham), chemical name N-allyl-4, 5-dimethyl-2- (trimethylsilyl) thiophene-3-carboxamide, has been shown to be an energy inhibitor, possibly an ATP inhibitor. Has good protective activity, long lasting period, safety to crops and environmental protection. The silthiopham can directly inhibit the growth and reproduction of take-all pathogens and interfere the synthesis of pathogenic bacteria, thereby influencing and preventing the formation, germination and infection of pathogen spores, effectively inhibiting the germination of take-all pathogens spores carried by wheat seeds, and implementing omnibearing effective protection on the wheat seeds and wheat root systems, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and treating the take-all pathogens of wheat.
Thiabendazole (Thiabendazole) belongs to benzimidazole germicide and has a chemical name of 2- (4-thiazolyl) -benzimidazole. Mainly through the combination with beta-tubulin of fungal cells, thereby influencing the formation of spindles, influencing cell division, and inhibiting the respiration of fungal mitochondria and cell proliferation. Thiabendazole is a broad-spectrum bactericide, has strong local permeability, and has protective and therapeutic effects. Can effectively control crop diseases caused by fungi such as ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.
The silthiopham and the probenazole belong to high-efficiency, low-toxicity and environment-friendly bactericides, have different action mechanisms and do not have cross resistance. The two medicaments can cause pathogenic bacteria to mutate in a short time when being used independently, so that the drug resistance is formed, and the disease is failed to imitate. Therefore, the combination of the medicaments with different action mechanisms can avoid or delay the generation of drug resistance.
The seed activity and external environmental condition factors determine the seed germination rate, so that the action of abiotic stress factors can be limited by using corresponding medicaments or hormones for treatment before seed germination, and particularly, the seed activity can be improved and the seed germination can be promoted under adverse conditions, such as low temperature, high temperature, drought, salinization or flooding stress and other abiotic conditions, so that the seed using amount is saved, the cost is reduced, the seedling-stage stress resistance can be enhanced, and the crop yield is increased. Salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin can play a role in different aspects, influence the germination of seeds and improve the stress resistance of the seeds. Therefore, the seed treatment by hormone regulation can achieve certain effect, but the concentration and the treatment method which are adopted for achieving the best effect are different on different crop types and varieties
Disclosure of Invention
The composition provided by the invention has a good bactericidal effect, has a significant synergistic effect on the control effect of wheat take-all, and can improve the germination rate and disease resistance of wheat seeds.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a seed coating formula for preventing and treating wheat take-all is characterized in that: the bactericide consists of silthiopham and thiabendazole, and the seed initiating and resistance inducing agent consists of salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin; the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 2 to 40 percent of bactericide, 0.0005 to 0.05 percent of salicylic acid, 0.00001 to 0.001 percent of brassinolide and 0.001 to 0.1 percent of gibberellin.
The sterilizing composition of silthiopham and probenazole is characterized in that: the mass ratio of silthiopham to probenazole is 20: 1-1: 10, and the sterilizing synergistic effect is obvious. The seed initiating and resistance inducing agent has preferably the concentration of 0.00115-0.0115%, that is salicylic acid 0.0001-0.001%, brassinolide 0.00005-0.0005% and gibberellin 0.001-0.01%.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a seed initiation and resistance inducer composition characterized by: the concentration of the composition is 0.00115-0.0115%, namely a mixture consisting of 0.0001-0.001% of salicylic acid, 0.00005-0.0005% of brassinolide, 0.001-0.01% of gibberellin and the balance of water, and the composition has better effects of promoting seed germination and strengthening seedlings on wheat seeds.
The composition is prepared into a suspended seed coating agent by adding a proper amount of dispersant, antifreeze, film-forming agent, thickener and warning color, and the seed coating agent effectively improves the germination rate of wheat seeds and effectively prevents and controls the take-all disease of wheat after being coated in a certain proportion.
The invention has the following remarkable effects and advantages:
the two types of bactericides with different structural types and different action mechanisms are processed into the suspension seed coating agent which is easy to use in production by adding salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin, the biological activity is high, the germination rate and the survival rate of seeds are improved, the disease resistance of plants is improved, the total dosage on a unit area is reduced, the medicine using times are reduced, the medicine applying cost is reduced, the generation and the development of the drug resistance of pathogenic substances are delayed, the service life of each component in the bactericidal composition is prolonged, the safety to crops is good, and therefore the purposes of economy, high efficiency and environmental protection are achieved.
The bactericidal composition is applied to preventing and treating fungal diseases of crops.
And performing detail analysis on the bactericidal characteristics of silthiopham and probenazole. Firstly, determining EC of two single compounds (hereinafter referred to as medicament) of silthiopham and probenazole50(drug safety index) according to EC of two single agents50The combination proportion of the two medicaments is set according to the Wadley method, and the SR value of the synergistic coefficient of the Wadley is obtained.
The test target is Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causing wheat take-all, but is not limited thereto. Taking silthiopham and probenazole, and preparing a liquid medicine required flat plate with about 15 ml per dish. Preparing hypha blocks with diameter of 5mm from the edge of the pre-cultured colony by using a sterilized hole puncher, transferring the hypha blocks to different culture medium plates respectively, and culturing at 25 ℃. The experiment adopts a hypha growth determination method, a medicine-containing culture medium is prepared according to different treatments, hypha blocks with the diameter of 5mm are prepared at the edge of a pre-cultured bacterial colony by using a sterilized puncher, the hypha blocks are respectively moved to culture medium flat plates with different medicine contents, the diameter of the bacterial colony is measured by adopting a cross method, the diameter (mm) of the bacterial colony is measured, and the growth inhibition rate is calculated by the following formula:
the inhibition ratio of hypha growth [% ] [ (1-diameter of drug-treated colony-5/diameter of control colony-5) × 100%
Converting the hypha growth inhibition rate into an inhibition probability value (y), converting the medicament concentration into a concentration logarithm (x), taking the concentration logarithm as an abscissa and the probability value as an ordinate as a toxicity regression line, obtaining a toxicity regression equation of the silthiopham, the thiabendazole single agents and the mixture thereof to pathogenic bacteria, and calculating EC50The value and the correlation coefficient r value.
The interaction of the compounds was evaluated according to the Wadley method, the formula for which is as follows:
EC50(theoretical value) ═ a + b)/(a/EC50a+b/EC50b)，
SR＝EC50(theoretical value)/EC50(actual value).
Wherein a and b are the content ratio of each component in the mixture, and the compounding effect is analyzed by an SR value. SR is less than or equal to 0.5, then the two medicaments are mixed to have antagonism; when SR is 0.5-1.5, the two medicaments are mixed to have an addition effect; SR is more than or equal to 1.5, the two medicaments are mixed to have synergistic action.
TABLE 1, toxicity test results of silthiopham and probenazole single agents and mixture thereof on wheat take-all pathogen
As can be seen from the table, the silthiopham and probenazole compositions with different proportions have different bacteriostatic effects on fusarium graminearum, and have synergistic effect within the range of 20: 1 to 1: 10 on the whole, wherein the synergistic effect is more remarkable when the proportion is 5: 1.
The effect on wheat seed vigor was determined for compositions 1-3, which were 0.115% (salicylic acid 0.01%, brassinolide 0.005%, gibberellin 0.1%, balance water) of seed initiator composition 1, diluted 10 times to form composition 2 (final concentration 0.0115%) and 100 times to form composition 3 (final concentration 0.00115%), respectively, at the experimental base of the farm institute of Anhui. Soaking the seeds in the liquid medicine at a ratio of 1: 2 for 30 minutes, draining water, drying in the shade, sowing, and counting the emergence rate, plant height, root length and fresh weight after 40 days.
TABLE 2 statistics of different composition concentrations on wheat seed emergence rate and seedling stage
Experimental results show that the prepared 0.115% composition has a certain inhibition effect on the root length of wheat, and after the composition is diluted by 10-100 times, the wheat emergence rate, the plant height, the root length and the fresh weight are remarkably improved by using the 0.0115% -0.00115% final concentration composition.
The indoor combined action test result shows that the composition of silthiopham and probenazole has a good growth inhibition effect on wheat take-all pathogen, and an obvious synergistic effect exists between the two components; the two components are compounded according to a certain proportion, so that the dosage can be reduced, the ecological damage and the environmental pollution can be effectively reduced, and the yield and the quality of crops can be improved; the silthiopham and the probenazole in the invention both have low toxicity and are safe to human and livestock, beneficial organisms and environment; can delay the drug resistance of germs to a single medicament. Further, the plant growth regulator salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin are added into the composition, so that the germination of seeds can be improved, and the stress resistance of the seeds can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the spirit of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Preparing 12% silthiopham and probenazole suspension seed coating agent according to mass percentage.
Silthiopham: 10%, thiabendazole: 2%, plant regulator composition: 0.0115% (salicylic acid 0.001%, brassinolide 0.0005%, gibberellin 0.01%), xanthan gum: 0.2%, dispersant FS 3000: 8%, ethylene glycol: 5%, magnesium aluminum silicate: 0.3%, bentonite: 05%, ericite anhydrous fast T: 0.5%, film-forming agent: 5%, dye: 5 percent and the balance of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: according to the formula, the components (except the film forming agent and the dye) are weighed according to the proportion, added into a ball mill for ball milling for 60min, filtered, pumped into a dispersion tank for high-speed shearing for 3min, fully ground by a sand mill, the particle diameter of the solid component is controlled within 1 mu m, stirred uniformly after grinding is finished, and the film forming agent and the dye are added to obtain the suspended seed coating agent product.
Example 2
Preparing 20% silthiopham and probenazole microcapsule suspension seed coating agent according to mass percentage.
10% of silthiopham, 10% of thiabendazole, and a plant regulator composition: 0.0115% (salicylic acid 0.001%, brassinolide 0.0005%, gibberellin 0.01%), dimethylformamide 2%, diphenylmethane diisocyanate 3%, fatty amide N-methyl taurate 2%, ethylenediamine 0.5%, 1, 3-propanediol 1.2%, sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate 2%, magnesium aluminum silicate 3.2%, gum arabic 2%, polyvinyl alcohol 2%, polyacrylate 2.5%, permanent red 4%, and water in balance.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving silthiopham, probenazole and plant regulator in a solvent in proportion, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate vinegar, and uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase; adding an emulsifier and an auxiliary agent into water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase; adding the water phase into the oil phase, and homogenizing at high speed to form an oil-in-water emulsion; adding ethylenediamine to take part in interfacial polymerization reaction at the speed of 450rpm, raising the reaction temperature to 55 ℃, keeping for 3h, and curing to form capsules; adding sodium methylenebistea sulfonate, magnesium aluminum silicate, permanent red, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylate, and stirring uniformly to obtain the microcapsule suspension seed coating agent.
Field prevention and control experiment of seed coating agent.
In the experiment, the suspended seed coating agent is used for coating seeds, the coated wheat seeds are sown after being naturally dried in the shade, the emergence rate, the seedling height, the root length, the fresh weight and the control effect are investigated 40 days after sowing, and the control effect is investigated 90 days after sowing.
TABLE 3 prevention and control effect of different seed coating formulations on growth of wheat and take-all disease of wheat
The field test result shows that the suspended seed coating agent formed by the compound of silthiopham, probenazole and plant regulator can obviously improve the emergence rate, the plant height, the root length and the fresh weight of wheat and has obvious effect on the integral control of the wheat take-all disease. According to field investigation, in the test dosage range, crops grow normally, and no phytotoxicity or abnormal phenomena are generated in plants, so that the wheat is safe.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested from the disclosure herein by a person skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A seed coating agent for preventing and treating wheat take-all is characterized in that: the bactericide consists of silthiopham and thiabendazole, and the seed initiating and resistance inducing agent consists of salicylic acid, brassinolide and gibberellin; the weight percentage of each component is as follows: the bactericide accounts for 2-40%, and the mass ratio of silthiopham to probenazole is 20: 1-1: 10; the concentration of the seed initiating and resistance inducing agent is 0.00115-0.0115%, wherein salicylic acid is 0.0001-0.001%, brassinolide is 0.00005-0.0005%, gibberellin is 0.001-0.01%, and the balance of water.
2. The seed coating agent of claim 1, which is prepared into a suspension seed coating agent by adding proper amounts of dispersing agent, antifreezing agent, film forming agent, thickening agent and warning color.
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| CN111345307B (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-28 | 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所 | Seed coating agent for preventing and treating phytophthora sojae root rot |
| CN111328826B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-01-07 | 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所 | Formula combination for preventing and controlling wheat take-all disease based on seed coating |
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