CN109802242B - metasurface lens - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于平面透镜技术领域,尤其涉及一种超表面透镜。The invention belongs to the technical field of plane lenses, and in particular relates to a metasurface lens.
背景技术Background technique
超表面透镜是一种由一系列亚波长的人工微结构组成的超薄二维阵列平面,具有制作相对简单、损耗相对较低、体积小和厚度超薄等特性,可以实现对电磁波的振幅、相位、传播模式、偏振态等方面的有效调控。Metasurface lens is an ultra-thin two-dimensional array plane composed of a series of sub-wavelength artificial microstructures. It has the characteristics of relatively simple fabrication, relatively low loss, small size and ultra-thin thickness. Effective control of phase, propagation mode, polarization state, etc.
超表面透镜是由拓扑结构相似的透射型频率选择表面单元构成的,通过对阵列上每个单元进行相位补偿,以在阵列的另一侧产生所需要的辐射波束。传统的超表面透镜通常采用介质板层数至少在两层以上的多层频率选择结构作为阵列单元,或者采用单层频率选择结构作为阵列单元,尽管单层(双层金属)结构易于制造,但是在满足高效率的方式下覆盖360°相移范围是困难的。A metasurface lens consists of topologically similar transmissive frequency-selective surface elements that phase-compensate each element on the array to generate the desired radiation beam on the other side of the array. Traditional metasurface lenses usually use a multi-layer frequency selective structure with at least two layers of dielectric plates as an array unit, or a single-layer frequency selective structure as an array unit. Although the single-layer (double-layer metal) structure is easy to manufacture, It is difficult to cover the 360° phase shift range in a manner that satisfies high efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提出了一种超表面透镜,解决现有超表面透镜难以在高效率的方式下覆盖360°相移范围的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a metasurface lens, which solves the problem that the existing metasurface lens is difficult to cover the 360° phase shift range in a high-efficiency manner.
实现本发明的技术解决方案为:一种超表面透镜,包括若干个按照形栅格分布周期性排列而成的透镜单元,所述透镜单元的相位范围覆盖0°~360°,所述透镜单元的排布满足其透射波相位将电磁波聚焦到一个点。The technical solution for realizing the present invention is as follows: a metasurface lens, comprising a plurality of lens units arranged periodically according to a shape grid distribution, the phase range of the lens units covers 0° to 360°, and the lens units is arranged so that its transmitted wave phase focuses the electromagnetic wave to a point.
优选地,所述透镜单元的透射波相位满足:Preferably, the transmitted wave phase of the lens unit satisfies:
其中,为透射波相位,x′m和y′n是透镜的单元坐标,F是平行波沿着z轴方向的聚焦长度,而f为设计频率,c为光速。in, is the transmitted wave phase, x′m and y′n are the unit coordinates of the lens, F is the focal length of the parallel wave along the z-axis, f is the design frequency, and c is the speed of light.
优选地,所述透镜单元包括单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II,所述单元结构E_I包括两个金属十字形、两个金属十字环CCR、一个空心金属过孔以及介质板,所述金属十字形和金属十字环CCR均分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,且金属十字环套在金属十字形外围,空心金属过孔设置在金属十字形中间透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连,所述单元结构E_II包括两个金属十字形、四个空心金属过孔以及介质板,金属十字形分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,四个空心金属过孔设置在十字形每条框的中间且透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连。Preferably, the lens unit includes a unit structure E_I and a unit structure E_II, the unit structure E_I includes two metal crosses, two metal cross rings CCR, a hollow metal via and a dielectric plate, the metal cross and The metal cross ring CCR is plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric board respectively, and the metal cross ring is sleeved on the periphery of the metal cross shape, and the hollow metal via hole is arranged in the middle of the metal cross shape to connect the upper and lower metal cross shapes through the dielectric board. The unit structure E_II includes two metal crosses, four hollow metal vias, and a dielectric plate, the metal crosses are respectively plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate, and the four hollow metal vias are arranged in the middle of each frame of the cross. The upper and lower metal layers are connected in a cross shape through the dielectric plate.
优选地,所述金属十字形、金属十字环CCR的材料均为PEC,厚度为0.035mm。Preferably, the material of the metal cross shape and the metal cross ring CCR is PEC, and the thickness is 0.035mm.
优选地,所述介质板的材料为F4BM,厚度为3mm,边长为16mm。Preferably, the material of the dielectric plate is F4BM, the thickness is 3mm, and the side length is 16mm.
优选地,所述单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II均为中心对称图形。Preferably, the unit structure E_I and the unit structure E_II are both centrosymmetric figures.
本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点为:1)本发明通过两种结构的的相位操纵范围的连接可以在满足传输系数大于-3dB的条件下实现360°的相移范围,使透镜聚焦效果极佳;2)本发明剖面低,厚度薄,质量轻,有效提高了透镜对入射光的聚焦效率Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1) The present invention can realize a 360° phase shift range under the condition that the transmission coefficient is greater than -3dB through the connection of the phase manipulation ranges of the two structures, so that the lens Excellent focusing effect; 2) The present invention has low profile, thin thickness and light weight, which effectively improves the focusing efficiency of the lens on incident light
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的超表面透镜结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metasurface lens of the present invention.
图2是本发明单元结构E_I的示意图,其中,图2(a)为主视图,图2(b)为左视图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the unit structure E_I of the present invention, wherein Fig. 2(a) is a front view, and Fig. 2(b) is a left side view.
图3是本发明单元结构E_II的示意图,其中,图3(a)为主视图,图3(b)为左视图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cell structure E_II of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3( a ) is a front view, and FIG. 3( b ) is a left side view.
图4是本发明单元结构E_I在11GHz时透射系数曲线,其中,图4(a)为随金属十字架边长l2变化的幅度图;图4(b)为随金属十字架边长l2变化的相位图。Fig. 4 is the transmission coefficient curve of the cell structure E_I of the present invention at 11 GHz, wherein Fig. 4(a) is a graph of the amplitude varying with the side length l 2 of the metal cross; Fig. 4(b) is the variation with the side length l 2 of the metal cross phase diagram.
图5是本发明单元结构E_II在11GHz时透射系数曲线,其中,图5(a)为随金属十字架边长l3变化的幅度图;图5(b)为随金属十字架边长l3变化的相位图。Fig. 5 is the transmission coefficient curve of the unit structure E_II of the present invention at 11 GHz, wherein Fig. 5(a) is a graph of the amplitude varying with the side length l 3 of the metal cross; Fig. 5(b) is the variation with the side length l 3 of the metal cross phase diagram.
图6是本发明的单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II实现的相位连接覆盖范围曲线。FIG. 6 is a phase connection coverage curve realized by the cell structure E_I and the cell structure E_II of the present invention.
图7为本发明的超表面透镜在11GHz处沿着xoz平面和yoz平面的交线处的归一化功率密度分布图。FIG. 7 is a normalized power density distribution diagram of the metasurface lens of the present invention at 11 GHz along the intersection of the xoz plane and the yoz plane.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种超表面透镜,包括若干个按照形栅格分布周期性排列而成的透镜单元,所述透镜单元的相位范围覆盖0°~360°,所述透镜单元的排布满足其透射波相位将电磁波聚焦到一个点。A metasurface lens, comprising a plurality of lens units arranged periodically according to a shape grid distribution, the phase range of the lens units covers 0° to 360°, and the arrangement of the lens units satisfies the phase of the transmitted wave. Electromagnetic waves are focused to a point.
进一步的实施例中,所述透镜单元的透射波相位满足:In a further embodiment, the transmitted wave phase of the lens unit satisfies:
其中,为透射波相位,x′m和y′n是透镜的单元坐标,F是平行波沿着z轴方向的聚焦长度,而f为设计频率,c为光速。in, is the transmitted wave phase, x′m and y′n are the unit coordinates of the lens, F is the focal length of the parallel wave along the z-axis, f is the design frequency, and c is the speed of light.
进一步的实施例中,所述透镜单元包括单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II,所述单元结构E_I包括两个金属十字形、两个金属十字环CCR、一个空心金属过孔以及介质板,所述金属十字形和金属十字环CCR均分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,且金属十字环套在金属十字形外围,空心金属过孔设置在金属十字形中间透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连,所述单元结构E_II包括两个金属十字形、四个空心金属过孔以及介质板,金属十字形分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,四个空心金属过孔设置在十字形每条框的中间且透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连。In a further embodiment, the lens unit includes a unit structure E_I and a unit structure E_II, the unit structure E_I includes two metal crosses, two metal cross rings CCR, a hollow metal via, and a dielectric plate, the metal Both the cruciform and the metal cruciform CCR are plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric board, and the metallic cruciform ring is sleeved on the periphery of the metallic cruciform. connected, the unit structure E_II includes two metal crosses, four hollow metal vias and a dielectric plate, the metal crosses are respectively plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate, and the four hollow metal vias are arranged on each frame of the cross. The middle and the upper and lower layers of metal cross are connected through the dielectric plate.
进一步的实施例中,所述金属十字形、金属十字环CCR的材料均为PEC,厚度为0.035mm。In a further embodiment, the material of the metal cross and the metal cross ring CCR are all PEC, and the thickness is 0.035mm.
进一步的实施例中,所述介质板的材料为F4BM,厚度为3mm,边长为16mm。In a further embodiment, the material of the dielectric plate is F4BM, the thickness is 3mm, and the side length is 16mm.
进一步的实施例中,所述单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II均为中心对称图形。In a further embodiment, the unit structure E_I and the unit structure E_II are both centrosymmetric figures.
本发明按照调单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II金属十字形结构尺寸的方式对不同位置的电磁波进行相位补偿,保证透射阵列单元使电磁波全透射到单元的另一侧。具体实现方式为:首先根据公式:计算出相应位置的相位补偿,建立相位补偿与在透镜中的位置关系;然后,通过仿真得到满足传输相位大于360°所对应的尺寸范围,建立相位补偿和尺寸的关系,得到相应的查找表;最后通过查找表的方式,对照第一步的相位补偿将相应位置所需的结构尺寸对应起来,使透射阵列沿横轴方向和纵轴方向的透射相位范围为360°。The present invention performs phase compensation for electromagnetic waves at different positions in the manner of adjusting the size of the unit structure E_I and the metal cross-shaped structure of the unit structure E_II, so as to ensure that the transmission array unit can fully transmit the electromagnetic waves to the other side of the unit. The specific implementation method is as follows: First, according to the formula: Calculate the phase compensation of the corresponding position, and establish the relationship between the phase compensation and the position in the lens; then, obtain the size range corresponding to the transmission phase greater than 360° through simulation, establish the relationship between the phase compensation and the size, and obtain the corresponding look-up table; Finally, by means of a look-up table, the required structure size of the corresponding position is matched against the phase compensation of the first step, so that the transmission phase range of the transmission array along the horizontal and vertical axis directions is 360°.
本发明设计了由两个相似的单元结构E_I、E_II组成的元件组,所述透镜单元均通过调节E_I、E_II金属十字的尺寸,对电磁波进行相位补偿。在满足传输系数大于-3dB的条件下,两个元件的相位操纵范围已经能很好的连接起来,并实现了360°的相移范围。The present invention designs an element group composed of two similar unit structures E_I and E_II, and the lens units both perform phase compensation for electromagnetic waves by adjusting the sizes of the E_I and E_II metal crosses. Under the condition that the transmission coefficient is greater than -3dB, the phase manipulation range of the two components can be well connected, and the phase shift range of 360° is realized.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示,本实施例的超表面透镜由293个透镜单元按照形栅格分布周期性排列而成。本实施例的超表面透镜均按照调节结构单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II金属十字尺寸的方式对不同位置的电磁波进行相位补偿,使透镜单元E_I、E_II总的覆盖相位范围为360°。As shown in FIG. 1 , the metasurface lens of this embodiment is formed by 293 lens units arranged periodically according to the shape grid distribution. The metasurface lens of this embodiment performs phase compensation for electromagnetic waves at different positions by adjusting the size of the metal cross of the structural unit structure E_I and the unit structure E_II, so that the total coverage phase range of the lens units E_I and E_II is 360°.
如图2所示,本实施例中,单元结构E_I包括两个金属十字形、两个金属十字环CCR、一个空心金属过孔以及介质板,所述金属十字形和金属十字环CCR均分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,且金属十字环套在金属十字形外围,空心金属过孔设置在金属十字形中间透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连。金属十字形的为宽为w2=2.5mm;金属十字环(CCR)的内环长度为l1=8mm,宽度为w1=3.6mm,内环与外环之间的距离为t=0.3mm;空心金属过孔的直径为d=0.3mm。As shown in FIG. 2 , in this embodiment, the unit structure E_I includes two metal crosses, two metal cross rings CCRs, a hollow metal via hole and a dielectric plate, and the metal crosses and the metal cross rings CCR are plated respectively The upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric board are covered with a metal cross ring on the periphery of the metal cross, and a hollow metal via hole is arranged in the middle of the metal cross to connect the upper and lower metal crosses through the dielectric board. The width of the metal cross is w 2 =2.5mm; the length of the inner ring of the metal cross ring (CCR) is l 1 =8mm, the width is w 1 =3.6mm, and the distance between the inner ring and the outer ring is t=0.3 mm; the diameter of the hollow metal via is d=0.3mm.
如图3所示,本实施例中,包括两个金属十字形、四个空心金属过孔以及介质板,金属十字形分别镀在介质板上下两个表面,四个空心金属过孔设置在十字形每条框的中间且透过介质板将上下两层金属十字形相连。金属十字形的宽度为w3=3mm;空心金属过孔的直径为d=0.3mm,过孔之间的距离为r=2mm。As shown in FIG. 3 , this embodiment includes two metal crosses, four hollow metal vias and a dielectric board. The metal crosses are respectively plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric board, and the four hollow metal vias are arranged at ten In the middle of each frame of the glyph, the upper and lower metal crosses are connected through the dielectric plate. The width of the metal cross is w 3 =3mm; the diameter of the hollow metal vias is d=0.3mm, and the distance between the vias is r=2mm.
本实施例中,单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II的介质板介电常数都是2.94,介质板长度p=16mm,介质板宽度p=16mm,介质板厚度h=3mm。该介质板采用的材料是F4BM。In this embodiment, the dielectric constants of the dielectric plates of the cell structure E_I and the cell structure E_II are both 2.94, the length of the dielectric board is p=16mm, the width of the dielectric board is p=16mm, and the thickness of the dielectric board is h=3mm. The material used for this dielectric board is F4BM.
如图4所示,本实施例中,单元结构E_I在11GHz时候,其金属十字边长l2从2.5mm到7.65mm步进0.05mm变化时,幅度传输系数均大于-3dB,传输相位仅从-34°变化到-124°,相位转向范围仅覆盖了90°。As shown in Fig. 4, in this embodiment, when the unit structure E_I is at 11GHz, when the metal cross side length l2 changes from 2.5mm to 7.65mm in steps of 0.05mm, the amplitude transmission coefficients are all greater than -3dB, and the transmission phase is only from -34° changes to -124°, the phase turning range covers only 90°.
因而,本实施例中为了实现完整的相位覆盖,设计了单元结构E_II,单元结构E_II在单元结构E_I的基础上去掉了金属十字环(CCR),如图5所示,本实施例中,单元结构E_II在11GHz时候,其金属十字边长l3从9.6mm到15.7mm步进0.05mm变化时,幅度传输系数均大于-3dB,传输相位从-125°变化到-398°,相位转向范围覆盖了273°。Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to achieve complete phase coverage, the cell structure E_II is designed. The cell structure E_II removes the metal cross ring (CCR) on the basis of the cell structure E_I, as shown in FIG. 5 , in this embodiment, the cell When the structure E_II is at 11GHz, when the metal cross side length l 3 changes from 9.6mm to 15.7mm in steps of 0.05mm, the amplitude transmission coefficient is greater than -3dB, the transmission phase changes from -125° to -398°, and the phase turning range covers 273°.
如图6所示,在都满足传输系数大于-3dB的情况下,单元结构E_I和单元结构E_II的相位转向范围连接良好,单元组提供总数相移范围从-34°到-398°,其覆盖范围大于360°。As shown in Fig. 6, under the condition that the transmission coefficient is greater than -3dB, the phase turning range of the cell structure E_I and the cell structure E_II are well connected, and the cell group provides a total phase shift range from -34° to -398°, which covers The range is greater than 360°.
为了检测设计的超表面透镜的聚焦功能,进行了仿真实验,发射一个平行波激励检测该透镜的聚焦现象,发现10GHz时在xoz平面的功率密度都集中在一块区域了。In order to test the focusing function of the designed metasurface lens, a simulation experiment was carried out, a parallel wave was emitted to detect the focusing phenomenon of the lens, and it was found that the power density in the xoz plane at 10GHz was concentrated in one area.
如图7所示,聚焦透镜结构在11GHz时xoz平面与yoz平面相交处的功率谱密度分布归一化在约z=150mm的距离处具有峰值。As shown in FIG. 7, the power spectral density distribution of the focusing lens structure at 11 GHz where the xoz plane and the yoz plane intersect has a normalized peak at a distance of about z=150 mm.
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