CN109799461B - Method for measuring and estimating residual electric quantity of battery - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring and estimating the residual capacity of a battery, which selects a charging voltage/current-electric quantity curve (a first group of arrays) or a discharging voltage-electric quantity curve (a second group of arrays) according to the charging and discharging states of the battery and integrates the integral of the battery power to calculate the residual capacity of the battery. The invention uses complementary filtering algorithm to fuse the integrals of voltage and battery power; and automatically recording the complete charging and discharging curve of the subsequent battery using process, thereby being capable of always and accurately estimating the residual electric quantity. The invention has simple peripheral circuit, low cost, no need of complicated factory calibration, no special requirements on the battery capacity, voltage, output power and the like of the used equipment, and wide practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a method for measuring and estimating the residual electric quantity of a battery.
Background
The battery residual capacity is a very important instruction parameter to the in-process of using the product, if can accurately acquire, just can know the product and can also work for a long time, for example unmanned aerial vehicle can also fly how far and whether need return voyage etc.. However, the remaining battery power is a parameter that is difficult to obtain accurately, because it is related to the type of battery, the operating current, the operating temperature, the battery aging, and other factors, and cannot be obtained directly. Therefore, all schemes are indirectly estimated, a good algorithm can enable the electric quantity to be estimated more accurately, and the discharge curve is smoother. Currently, the remaining battery capacity is calculated as follows:
and (3) voltage calculation: the percentage of the remaining capacity of the battery is estimated by using the voltage, and although the estimation is easy to realize, the error is large. When the load is instantaneously subjected to voltage jump, the calculated residual capacity also jumps. If the output power of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the take-off instant is increased and then decreased, the calculated electric quantity is suddenly decreased and then recovered. In addition, since the voltage does not change uniformly when the battery is discharged, it is easy to use the first 50% of electricity for two hours and the last 50% for only 1 hour.
And (3) current integral calculation: performing integral calculation on the current discharged by the battery to obtain the used electricity consumption; the difference between the total amount of electricity and the used amount of electricity is the remaining amount of electricity. This approach is more accurate than 1, but there is another problem in that if the current measurement has a slight error, the remaining capacity also has an error. For example, the error of the measured current value is 3%, and after one hour of integration, the error is 10 mAh. Assuming that the total battery capacity is 300mAh, the calculated remaining capacity is 3% less than the actual remaining capacity. In addition, if the total power is reduced due to aging of the battery, the error of the calculated remaining power becomes larger and larger.
OCV method: the OCV method estimates the remaining battery capacity by measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery when the system does not operate, using the linear relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the remaining battery capacity. This method can obtain more accurate remaining capacity, but has the disadvantage that the deviation of the OCV method becomes larger and larger if the system needs to work continuously for a long time.
Preset voltage tracking method: the method comprises the steps of testing a charging and discharging voltage-electric quantity curve of a battery under different temperatures and currents by using special testing equipment, recording the curve as a 3-dimensional array (the temperature, the current and the electric quantity corresponding to the voltage), and storing the curve into a chip. The chip samples the temperature, current, voltage parameter of the battery while working, obtain the battery residual capacity through the array that presets. The method has high accuracy, high cost and complicated production steps.
Therefore, how to design a method for measuring and estimating the remaining battery capacity to achieve accurate estimation of the battery capacity is a problem that needs to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring and estimating the residual electric quantity of a battery, which mainly aims at a lithium battery and fuses the integrals of voltage and battery power by using a complementary filtering algorithm; and the complete charging and discharging curve of the subsequent battery using process is automatically recorded, so that the residual electric quantity can be always accurately estimated. The invention has simple peripheral circuit, low cost, no need of complicated factory calibration, no special requirements on the battery capacity, voltage, output power and the like of the used equipment, and wide practicability.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of measuring and estimating a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising:
continuously sampling the voltage and the current of the battery for multiple times, then obtaining an average value, calculating to obtain power, and integrating the power to obtain the consumed electric quantity;
recording the relation between the voltage and the current in the complete charging cycle of the battery every time to form a first array and storing the first array formed at the last time, recording the relation between the voltage and the consumed electric quantity in the complete discharging cycle of the battery every time to form a second array and storing the second array formed at the last time;
and selecting data in the first array or the second array and the power integral of the current battery according to the charge-discharge state of the battery, and calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery by using a complementary filtering algorithm.
Further, in the charging state of the battery, during constant current charging, the relation between the voltage and the residual capacity is recorded; and recording the relation between the current and the consumed electric quantity when constant voltage charging is carried out.
Further, when the charging state of the battery is interrupted, whether the charging period is a complete charging period is judged.
Further, under the discharge state of the battery, whether the discharge power is in the first interval is judged, and if yes, the relation between the voltage and the consumed electric quantity is recorded.
And further, after the discharge is carried out to the cut-off voltage of the battery, judging whether the discharge is complete discharge, if so, storing the second array at the time and covering the second array at the previous time.
Further, under the charging state of the battery, selecting the data of the first array and a power integral fusion complementary filtering algorithm of the battery to calculate the residual electric quantity of the battery;
and under the discharge state of the battery, selecting the data of the second array and integrating and complementing the power of the battery to calculate the residual electric quantity of the battery by a filtering algorithm.
A circuit for implementing a method for measuring and estimating a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fuel gauge module, wherein,
the second resistor and the third resistor are connected with the battery and used for sampling voltages at two ends of the battery;
the electric quantity metering module is connected with the second resistor and the third resistor and is used for acquiring the current voltage of the battery;
the first resistor is connected with the battery and is used for sampling output current,
the electric quantity metering module is connected with the first resistor and used for acquiring the current of the battery.
And the CPU is connected with the electric quantity metering module and is used for carrying out algorithm operation to estimate the electric quantity of the battery.
Further, the CPU is connected with the electric quantity metering module through I2C.
Further, the electricity metering module comprises: MCU and electric quantity measurement IC.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses a complementary filtering algorithm, integrates the battery voltage, current and instantaneous power sampling values to obtain an accurate electric quantity value, and can automatically update the battery electric quantity data in the subsequent complete charging and discharging period.
(2) The invention can effectively solve the problems of inaccurate measurement caused by the percentage jump of the electric quantity and the aging of the battery caused by the change of the load, and the system can accurately calculate the residual electric quantity after long-time working.
(3) The invention can be realized by only using a singlechip with ADC function or a common electric quantity IC, thereby greatly saving material cost and having higher economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a first array diagram a according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a first array diagram B according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a second array diagram according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The circuit comprises R4, a first resistor R5, a second resistor R6, a third resistor V1 and a divided voltage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples. Note that the following described embodiments are illustrative only for explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
The current battery calculation methods mainly include the following two methods:
in the method 1, through the corresponding relation between the voltage and the residual capacity of the battery, the calculation formula is as follows:
En＝Etabequation 1
This process gives E directlytabThe method has the advantages of direct acquisition, no accumulated error, accurate average value observed for a long time, and the defect that the voltage is suddenly high and suddenly low when the load changes, so that the short-time observed value is jumped. In addition after aging of the battery EtabThere may be variations. The improvement method comprises two methods: 1. identifying the charge-discharge cycle of the complete battery and updating EtabValue of (a), reducing the battery aging pair EtabHowever, the problem of voltage fluctuation during load variation cannot be avoided. 2. To EnAnd taking the minimum value of the sliding window to reduce the jump of the observed value when the load changes, wherein the defect is that the change is not smooth.
Although the general trend of the method is correct, the jumping is large, if the electric quantity displayed by the used product needs to be displayed by a number, the minimum value of a sliding window is generally taken, but obviously, the electric quantity of the first half part is faster than that of the second half part, and the judgment of the user on the residual electric quantity is influenced
Method 2, obtaining the residual electric quantity E through the last calculationn-1Subtracting the energy E output from the 1 second battery pair1sEnergy to obtain new EnThe calculation formula is as follows:
En＝En-1-E1sequation 2
This method has the advantage of short-time observed value smoothing, with the disadvantage that if E is to be observed each time1sAll with a slight deviation, after running the above formula several times, EnWill become larger and larger. The electric quantity obtained in the calculation process reaches 0% in advance, so that a user is deceived, and the user is made to assume that the battery is really dead and the equipment is shut down in advance; but the battery has residual capacity, and most of the electronic equipment adopts the method at present.
The invention takes advantage of the complementary filtering algorithm in combination with methods 1 and 2, for a short time, by E1sFor a long time, E is defined astabThe quasi-complementary filtering algorithm is as follows:
En＝α(En-1-E1s)+(1-α)*Etabequation 3
Where α is a weight, a larger α indicates a greater confidence in E for a shorter period of time1sTherefore, 0.95 < alpha < 1 is typical.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for measuring and estimating remaining battery capacity, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s01, continuously sampling the voltage and the current of the battery for multiple times, then calculating to obtain the average value, calculating to obtain the power, and integrating the power to obtain the consumed electric quantity;
s02, recording the relation between voltage and current in each complete charging cycle of the battery and the consumed electric quantity to form a first array and storing the first array formed at the last time, recording the relation between voltage and the consumed electric quantity in each complete discharging cycle of the battery to form a second array and storing the second array formed at the last time;
s03, selecting data in the first array or the second array and the power integral of the current battery according to the charge and discharge state of the battery, and calculating the residual capacity of the battery by using a complementary filtering algorithm. Namely, the complementary filtering algorithm is used for integrating the power to calculate the residual electric quantity of the battery. Selecting the data of the first array under the charging state of the battery; and selecting the data of the second array when the battery is in a discharging state.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the charging state of the battery, the relation between the voltage and the residual capacity is recorded during constant current charging; during constant voltage charging, the relation between current and consumed electric quantity is recorded, and when the charging state of the battery is interrupted, whether the charging period is a complete charging period or not is judged. And under the discharging state of the battery, judging whether the discharging power is in a first interval, if so, recording the relation between the voltage and the consumed electric quantity. And after discharging to the cut-off voltage of the battery, judging whether the discharging is complete one-time discharging, if so, storing the second array at the time and covering the second array at the previous time.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a circuit for implementing a method for measuring and estimating a remaining battery capacity, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention, and the circuit includes: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and an electric quantity metering module, wherein the second resistor and the third resistor are connected with a battery and used for sampling voltages at two ends of the battery; the electric quantity metering module is connected with the second resistor and the third resistor and is used for acquiring the current voltage of the battery; the first resistor is connected with the battery and used for sampling output current, and the electric quantity metering module is connected with the first resistor and used for acquiring the current of the battery.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electricity metering module includes: the MCU or the electric quantity metering IC is responsible for sampling the current voltage and current values of the battery and transmitting the current voltage and current values to the CPU through 12C, and the CPU is responsible for calculating and estimating the electric quantity of the battery through an algorithm. The first resistor is a battery output series resistor and is used for sampling the output current of the battery,
i is the battery output current, VR4The voltage across R4 is shown, and R4 is the resistance.
According to the inventionIn the specific embodiment, R5 and R6 are connected in series for sampling the voltage across the battery,
v is the battery voltage, and R5 and R6 are resistance values.
Example 1
Firstly, accurately reading the current voltage and current power of the battery, continuously sampling the voltage and current of the battery for 10 times, and averaging to obtain vbatAnd IbatThe units are (V) and (mA), respectively, and the power P is calculatedbatThe unit is (W), Pbat＝vbatt*IbatTo PbatIntegral calculation to obtain EtabThe units are (mWh), i.e. accumulated once per second,
then recording a charge-discharge array: in the charging state, during constant-current charging, when the voltage changes, record VbatAnd EtabRelationship, when the current changes during constant voltage charging, record IbatAnd EtabAfter the charging is completed, whether the charging is a complete charging period is judged. If yes, save VbatAnd EtabAnd IbatAnd WtabArray for covering previous data and recording total charging electric quantity E when fully chargedcharge. For example, a battery with two lithium batteries connected in series and a nominal total charge of 7800mA (57720 mWh). Fig. 3 is a first array diagram a according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a first array diagram B according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the total amount of charge E is derived from the data charge64820 mWh. In the discharge state, the discharge power P is determinedbatWhether the power is in the range of +/-10% of rated power. If it is within the interval, recording V when the voltage changesbatAnd EtabAfter discharging to the cut-off voltage of the battery, judging whether the discharge is complete discharge, if so, storing VbatAnd EtabAnd covering the previous data and recording the total discharge electric quantity Edischarge. FIG. 4 is a second array of schematic diagrams of embodiment 1 of the present inventionAs shown in FIG. 4, the total discharge capacity E is obtained from the datadischarEe＝57360mWh。
Finally, estimating the remaining battery capacity: and combining the last estimated value, the current power and the array value corresponding to the current voltage, fusing and calculating the current battery capacity through a complementary filtering algorithm, and obtaining the following formula according to a formula 3:
Enis the current remaining capacity, En-1Is the last calculated remaining capacity, PbatIs the current charging power that is being charged,
is the energy (E) obtained by the 1 second cell1s) And α is the complementary filter coefficient (less than 1 but generally greater than 0.95), EtabWhen constant current charging is obtained by searching the array, V in FIG. 3batAnd EtabThe array finds E corresponding to the current charging voltagetabDuring constant voltage charging, I in FIG. 4batAnd EtabThe array finds E corresponding to the current charging voltagetab. For example: the last calculated remaining capacity En-160100mWh, current charging voltage Vbat8.4V, charging current IbatE1050 mA, which is obtained from the charging current and the data in fig. 4tab60080mWh, setting α to 0.95, as obtained from equation 4:
and because the total charging capacity E can be obtained according to the data in FIG. 4charge＝64820mWh。
The battery power percentage is as follows:
estimating the remaining battery capacity by the discharge state: the same calculation formulaEquation 4, for example: the last calculated remaining capacity En-138230mWh, current discharge voltage Vbat7.4V, discharge current Ibat1000mA, from the discharge voltage and the table in FIG. 5, Etab38250mWh, setting α to 0.95, as obtained from equation 4:
and the total discharge capacity E can be obtained according to the table in FIG. 5discharge＝57360mWh。
The battery power percentage is as follows:
in conclusion, the invention uses the complementary filtering algorithm, integrates the battery voltage, current and instantaneous power sampling values to obtain an accurate electric quantity value, and can automatically update the battery electric quantity data in the subsequent complete charge-discharge period. The invention can effectively solve the problems of inaccurate measurement caused by the percentage jump of the electric quantity and the aging of the battery caused by the change of the load, and the system can accurately calculate the residual electric quantity after long-time working. The invention can be realized by only using a singlechip with ADC function or a common electric quantity IC, thereby greatly saving material cost and having higher economic benefit.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for measuring and estimating a remaining capacity of a battery, comprising:
continuously sampling the voltage and the current of the battery for multiple times, then obtaining an average value, calculating to obtain power, and integrating the power to obtain the consumed electric quantity;
recording the relation between the voltage and the current in the complete charging cycle of the battery every time to form a first array and storing the first array formed at the last time, recording the relation between the voltage and the consumed electric quantity in the complete discharging cycle of the battery every time to form a second array and storing the second array formed at the last time;
selecting data in the first array or the second array and the power integral of the current battery according to the charge-discharge state of the battery, and calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery by using a complementary filtering algorithm;
under the charging state of the battery, selecting the data of the first array and a power integral fusion complementary filtering algorithm of the battery to calculate the residual electric quantity of the battery; under the discharge state of the battery, selecting the data of the second array and a power integral fusion complementary filtering algorithm of the battery to calculate the residual electric quantity of the battery;
for a short time with E1sThat is, the energy output from the 1 second battery is based on the energy output from the battery, and the long time is based on EtabThat is, according to the currently charged/discharged battery voltage, the corresponding battery remaining capacity obtained by searching the first array or the second array is the standard, and the complementary filtering algorithm is calculated as follows: en＝α(En-1-E1s)+(1-α)*Etab(ii) a Where α is a weight, 0.95 < α < 1, with larger α indicating more short-term confidence of E1sAn accumulated value of (d); enIs the current remaining capacity, En-1Is the last calculated remaining capacity, E1sIs the energy output from the 1 second battery, EtabAnd searching the corresponding battery residual capacity obtained by the first array or the second array according to the current charged/discharged battery voltage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the relationship between voltage and remaining charge is recorded during constant current charging in a battery charging state; and recording the relation between the current and the consumed electric quantity when constant voltage charging is carried out.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining whether the charging cycle is a complete charging cycle is performed when the state of charge of the battery is interrupted.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the battery discharging state, it is determined whether the discharging power is within a rated range, and if yes, the relationship between the voltage and the consumed power is recorded.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein after discharging to the battery cut-off voltage, determining whether the discharge is a complete discharge, and if so, saving the second array and overwriting the previous second array.
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| CN113544522A (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2021-10-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Terminal device, and method and device for determining residual electric quantity of battery |
| CN111478395A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-31 | 深圳来电科技有限公司 | Electric quantity detection method for mobile power supply, mobile power supply and mobile power supply leasing equipment |
| CN112800579B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-08-22 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Satellite storage battery electric quantity estimation method and system based on complementary filter |
| CN112924875B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2024-01-09 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery detection method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN115096028A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 海信冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator, and refrigerator compressor energy consumption determination method and device |
| CN115248391A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-28 | 深圳英集芯科技股份有限公司 | Constant-voltage charging electric quantity calculation method and system and electronic equipment |
| CN115728641B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-09-01 | 珠海英集芯半导体有限公司 | OCV electric quantity calculation method with self-learning and self-calibration functions |
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