CN109793263B - Method for predicting cigarette ventilation rate - Google Patents
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting the ventilation rate of cigarettes, which comprises the steps of obtaining the characteristics of raw and auxiliary materials of the cigarettes and the specification data of the cigarettes, and calculating the ventilation rate and the total ventilation rate of cigarette paper according to the air permeability of tipping paper. According to the detection method and the process principle of the cigarette resistance and the ventilation rate, a prediction model of each index and the characteristics of the raw and auxiliary materials of the cigarette is established by combining a large number of cigarettes of different brands and different specifications, so that a basis is provided for reasonably designing the cigarette structure, selecting the cigarette materials according to the characteristics of the raw materials, controlling the release amount of tar and the like, and the predictability of product design is realized. Meanwhile, the internal relation between the cigarette physical indexes and the original auxiliary materials is disclosed, when the cigarette physical indexes have problems in actual production, the problem reasons can be determined according to the model, the direction is indicated for quality improvement, the blindness in production is avoided, and the internal quality of the cigarettes is continuously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette processing, in particular to a method for predicting the ventilation rate of cigarettes.
Background
The physical indexes of the cigarette directly reflect the quality of the cigarette, and the physical characteristics of the cigarette which are controlled in the production process of the cigarette mainly comprise weight, circumference, length, ventilation, draw resistance and hardness. Compared with the indexes of weight, circumference and length, the cigarette resistance and ventilation rate are the characteristics of the cigarette which can be most directly felt by a consumer when smoking, if the smoke resistance is too small, the smoke tends to be flat, the smoking is difficult due to too large resistance, the physical quality and the sensory quality of the cigarette are directly influenced by the resistance index, the dissatisfaction of the consumer can be caused by improper design, and therefore, the relation between each physical index of the cigarette and the original auxiliary material is researched, and the effect that the resistance and the ventilation rate of the cigarette are predicted in advance is of great significance to design a qualified cigarette.
In the prior art, when the cigarette resistance and the ventilation rate are predicted, the permeability coefficients of the tobacco shred section and the filter tip section need to be detected, the implementation is relatively difficult for general cigarette production enterprises, the measurement of relevant parameters can be carried out only after the tobacco shred and the filter tip are produced, and certain hysteresis exists in the cigarette design. Other methods for predicting the cigarette resistance and ventilation rate only perform regression modeling on a single cigarette brand, and when the cigarette specification and the characteristics of the raw and auxiliary materials are changed, the application range of the model is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the ventilation rate of cigarettes, which aims to solve the problems that the prediction of the ventilation rate of the cigarettes in the prior art is difficult to measure due to related parameters, has certain hysteresis relative to the design of the cigarettes, and avoids the blindness of the design of the cigarettes.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of predicting the ventilation rate of a cigarette, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring the characteristics of raw and auxiliary materials of cigarettes and cigarette specification data;
2) judging the air permeability of the tipping paper, if the air permeability of the tipping paper is 0, firstly calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, and then calculating the total ventilation rate tv, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
pv＝-7.78+6.1×10-7×jt×d×l1×pd
tv＝pv；
wherein jt represents the air permeability of the cigarette paper, and unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; pd represents the cigarette resistance, unit Pa;
if the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0, firstly calculating the total ventilation rate tv and then calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
tv＝-18.09+1.06×fv+0.017×pd+2.6×10-4×jt×d×l1
pv＝tv-fv；
wherein fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; pd represents the cigarette suction resistance, and the unit Pa and the unit jt represent the air permeability of the cigarette paper and the unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicates the length of the non-tipped cigarette in mm.
The cigarette resistance is obtained through the following steps:
1) obtaining the suction resistance cpd of the closed cigarette, and calculating according to the following formula:
where ρ is1The density of the tobacco shreds in the cigarette is shown in unit of g/cm3(ii) a tc represents the filling value of the finished cut tobacco in cm3/g；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; r represents the reduction proportion of the filling value of the finished cut tobacco; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; lbpd represents 4 times longer filter rod pressure drop, unit Pa;
2) obtaining the ventilation rate fv of the cigarette filter, and calculating according to the following formula:
fv＝(-43.9+1.55×l2-197.3×ρ2+0.53×l1+0.01×st×d)×j，
wherein l2The length of the filter stick is expressed in unit mm; rho2Expressing the density of the filter stick in g/cm3；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; st represents the air permeability of the tipping paperC, positioning cu; j is an indicator variable, and j is 0 when the tipping paper air permeability is 0, and j is 1 when the tipping paper air permeability is not 0;
3) calculating the difference value er between the suction resistance of the cigarette in the open suction and the suction resistance of the cigarette in the closed suction according to the following formula:
wherein, 1 represents the length of the cigarette in mm; fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; j is an indicator variable, and j is 0 when the tipping paper air permeability is 0, and j is 1 when the tipping paper air permeability is not 0;
4) calculating the cigarette suction resistance pd according to the following formula:
pd＝cpd-er。
the characteristics of the raw and auxiliary materials of the cigarette and the cigarette specification data comprise finished tobacco filling value, filter stick suction resistance, cigarette paper air permeability, tipping paper air permeability, cigarette length, cigarette circumference and filter stick length.
The finished tobacco filling value takes the cigarette brand filling value of similar tobacco group formulas and the same tobacco processing equipment as an empirical value.
The tipping paper comprises perforated tipping paper and non-perforated tipping paper.
When the tipping paper is not punched, the air permeability of the tipping paper is set to be 0, and the ventilation rate of the filter tip is set to be 0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, according to the detection method and the process principle of the cigarette suction resistance and the ventilation rate, a prediction model of each index and the characteristics of the raw and auxiliary materials of the cigarette is established by combining a large number of cigarettes of different brands and different specifications, a basis is provided for reasonably designing the cigarette structure, selecting the cigarette material according to the characteristics of the raw material, controlling the release amount of tar and the like, and the predictability of product design is realized.
Meanwhile, the internal relation between the cigarette physical indexes and the original auxiliary materials is disclosed, when the cigarette physical indexes have problems in actual production, the problem reasons can be determined according to the model, the direction is indicated for quality improvement, the blindness in production is avoided, and the internal quality of the cigarettes is continuously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
The technical scheme provides a method for predicting the ventilation rate of cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the characteristics of the raw and auxiliary materials of the cigarette and the specification of the cigarette, wherein the characteristics comprise finished tobacco shred filling values, filter stick suction resistance, cigarette paper air permeability, tipping paper air permeability, cigarette length, cigarette circumference, filter stick length and filter stick weight, and the finished tobacco shred filling values take similar tobacco leaf group formulas and cigarette brand filling values of the same tobacco shred processing equipment as experience values; the following assumptions were made in establishing the prediction model: the tipping paper comprises perforated tipping paper and non-perforated tipping paper; when the tipping paper is not perforated, it is considered that its air permeability is approximately 0 and the filter ventilation rate is 0.
2) Judging the air permeability of the tipping paper, if the air permeability of the tipping paper is 0, firstly calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, and then calculating the total ventilation rate tv, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
pv＝-7.78+6.1×10-7×jt×d×l1×pd
tv＝pv；
wherein jt represents the air permeability of the cigarette paper, and unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; pd represents the cigarette resistance, unit Pa;
if the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0, firstly calculating the total ventilation rate tv and then calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
tv＝-18.09+1.06×fv+0.017×pd+2.6×10-4×jt×d×l1
pv＝tv-fv；
wherein fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; pd represents the cigarette suction resistance, and the unit Pa and the unit jt represent the air permeability of the cigarette paper and the unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicating the length of a non-tipping cigaretteBit mm.
The cigarette resistance is obtained by the following steps:
1) calculating the smoking resistance cpd of the closed cigarette (the smoking resistance of the cigarette measured by the closed filter section), and the unit Pa: the cigarette cut-off is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, ρ1The density of the tobacco shreds in the cigarette is shown in unit of g/cm3(ii) a tc represents the filling value of the finished cut tobacco in cm3/g；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; r represents the reduction proportion of the filling value of the finished cut tobacco; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; lbpd represents 4 times longer filter rod pressure drop in Pa.
2) Calculating the ventilation rate fv of the cigarette filter: calculating the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter according to the following formula:
fv＝(-43.9+1.55×l2-197.3×ρ2+0.53×l1+0.01×st×d)×j
in the formula I2The length of the filter stick is expressed in unit mm; rho2Expressing the density of the filter stick in g/cm3；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; st represents the air permeability of the tipping paper, unit cu; j is an indicator variable, and j is 0 when the tipping paper is not perforated (air permeability is approximately 0) and 1 when the tipping paper is not 0.
3) Calculating the difference er between the suction resistance of the cigarette in the opening process and the suction resistance of the cigarette in the closing process, wherein the unit is Pa: the cigarette open-draw is measured at a base open cigarette filter segment where the cigarette is measured to be closed, so that the difference between the open-draw and closed-draw is related to the filter ventilation rate, and the filter ventilation rate is used to predict the difference:
in the formula: l represents the length of the cigarette in mm; fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; j is an indication variable, and j is 0 when the tipping paper is not perforated, and j is 1 when the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0.
4) Calculating the cigarette resistance: the cigarette resistance was calculated as follows:
pd＝cpd-er
in the formula: pd represents the cigarette resistance, unit Pa; cpd represents the suction resistance of the closed cigarette, and the unit Pa; and er represents the difference between the suction resistance of the cigarette when the cigarette is opened and the suction resistance of the cigarette when the cigarette is closed, and the unit is Pa.
Example 1
The design standard of part indexes and the characteristics of raw and auxiliary materials of a certain brand of cigarettes are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 cigarette index design criteria and raw and auxiliary material characteristics
(1) Calculating the resistance of the cigarette to closed draw (the resistance of the cigarette measured at the closed filter section):
(2) calculating the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter: calculating the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter according to the following formula:
fv＝(-43.9+1.55×l2-197.3×ρ2+0.53×l1+0.01×st×d)×j＝-43.9+1.55×30-197.3×0.16+0.53×54+0.01×280×7.72＝22.8％
(3) calculating the difference value between the suction resistance of the cigarette in the open state and the suction resistance of the cigarette in the closed state:
(4) calculating the cigarette resistance: the cigarette resistance was calculated as follows:
pd＝cpd-er＝1210.6-176.6＝1034Pa。
(5) calculating the ventilation rate and the total ventilation rate of the cigarette paper:
when the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0, the total ventilation rate is calculated firstly, and then the ventilation rate of the tipping paper is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
tv＝-18.09+1.06×fv+0.017×pd+2.6×10-4×jt×d×l1＝-18.09+1.06×22.8+0.017×1034+2.6×10-4×60×7.72×54＝30.2％
pv＝tv-fv＝30.2-22.8＝7.4％。
the predicted results were compared to the actual results as shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 comparison of measured and predicted results
| Index (I) | Measured in fact | Prediction | Relative error% |
| Suction resistance Pa | 1044 | 1034 | 0.96 |
| Total ventilation rate% | 27.4 | 30.2 | 10.22 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the method can better predict the ventilation rate of the cigarette according to the design index of the cigarette and the specification of related raw and auxiliary materials.
Example 2
In order to further verify the prediction effect of the invention, cigarettes with different specifications and brands are selected for prediction and compared with the actual measurement result, and the result is as follows:
TABLE 3 cigarette design index and raw and auxiliary material characteristics
TABLE 4 comparison of predicted results and actual results
According to the prediction results of the physical indexes of the cigarettes of different brands and different specifications, the maximum error of the suction resistance is 84Pa, the average absolute error is 33Pa, the average relative error is 2.68%, the average relative error of the total ventilation rate is 10.66%, and the prediction results are ideal.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method of predicting the ventilation rate of a cigarette, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring the characteristics of raw and auxiliary materials of cigarettes and cigarette specification data;
2) judging the air permeability of the tipping paper, if the air permeability of the tipping paper is 0, firstly calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, and then calculating the total ventilation rate tv, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
pv＝-7.78+6.1×10-7×jt×d×l1×pd
tv＝pv；
wherein jt represents the air permeability of the cigarette paper, and unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; pd represents the cigarette resistance, unit Pa;
if the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0, firstly calculating the total ventilation rate tv and then calculating the ventilation rate pv of the cigarette paper, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
tv＝-18.09+1.06×fv+0.017×pd+2.6×10-4×jt×d×l1
pv＝tv-fv；
wherein fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; pd represents the cigarette suction resistance, and the unit Pa and the unit jt represent the air permeability of the cigarette paper and the unit cu; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm;
the cigarette resistance is obtained through the following steps:
1) obtaining the suction resistance cpd of the closed cigarette, and calculating according to the following formula:
where ρ is1The density of the tobacco shreds in the cigarette is shown in unit of g/cm3(ii) a tc represents the filling value of the finished cut tobacco in cm3/g；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; r represents the reduction proportion of the filling value of the finished cut tobacco; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; lbpd represents 4 times longer filter rod pressure drop, unit Pa;
2) obtaining the ventilation rate fv of the cigarette filter, and calculating according to the following formula:
fv＝(-43.9+1.55×l2-197.3×ρ2+0.53×l1+0.01×st×d)×j，
wherein l2The length of the filter stick is expressed in unit mm; rho2Expressing the density of the filter stick in g/cm3；l1Indicates the length of the non-mouth cigarette in mm; st represents the air permeability of the tipping paper, unit cu; j is an indicator variable when water is presentWhen the air permeability of the tipping paper is 0, j is 0, and when the air permeability of the tipping paper is not 0, j is 1;
3) calculating the difference value er between the suction resistance of the cigarette in the open suction and the suction resistance of the cigarette in the closed suction according to the following formula:
wherein l represents the length of the cigarette in mm; fv represents the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter; d represents the diameter of the cigarette in mm; j is an indicator variable, and j is 0 when the tipping paper air permeability is 0, and j is 1 when the tipping paper air permeability is not 0;
4) calculating the cigarette suction resistance pd according to the following formula:
pd＝cpd-er。
2. the method of predicting cigarette ventilation of claim 1, wherein the cigarette raw and auxiliary material characteristics and cigarette specification data include finished tobacco filler value, filter plug resistance, cigarette paper air permeability, tipping paper air permeability, cigarette length, cigarette circumference, and filter plug length.
3. The method of predicting cigarette ventilation of claim 2, wherein the finished cut filler value is an empirical value based on a cigarette brand filler value for a similar cut group formulation and the same cut processing equipment.
4. The method of predicting cigarette ventilation of claim 1, wherein the tipping paper comprises perforated tipping paper and unperforated tipping paper.
5. The method of predicting cigarette ventilation of claim 4, wherein the tipping paper is set to have an air permeability of 0 and a filter ventilation of 0 without perforation.
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