CN109789805A - 用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法 - Google Patents

用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109789805A
CN109789805A CN201780058539.4A CN201780058539A CN109789805A CN 109789805 A CN109789805 A CN 109789805A CN 201780058539 A CN201780058539 A CN 201780058539A CN 109789805 A CN109789805 A CN 109789805A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bridge
voltage
centre tap
battery
switch position
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780058539.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN109789805B (zh
Inventor
R.库施
H.施勒德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of CN109789805A publication Critical patent/CN109789805A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109789805B publication Critical patent/CN109789805B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/4826—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode operating from a resonant DC source, i.e. the DC input voltage varies periodically, e.g. resonant DC-link inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/06—Two-wire systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法。本发明涉及一种用于电压转换的设备，该设备包括变流器（2）和控制器（4），其中变流器（2）具有三个半桥（H1、H2、H3），所述半桥分别具有四个晶体管（T1‑T4；T5‑T8；T9‑T12），而且至少一个半桥（H1‑H3）具有两个开关元件（S1、S2；S3、S4；S5、S6），其中借助于第一开关元件（S2、S4、S6），在第一开关位置，在两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6）之间的中间抽头（M12、M34、M56）与中间电路电容器的零压点（N）连接，而在第二开关位置，在两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6）之间的中间抽头（M12、M34、M56）与外部直流电压源（6）的正充电连接端（11.1‑11.3）连接，而借助于第二开关元件（S1、S3、S5），在第一开关位置，半桥（H1‑H3）的中间抽头（M1‑M3）与交变电压连接端的极（A、B、C）连接，而在第二开关位置，半桥（H1‑H3）的中间抽头（M1‑M3）与直流电压连接端的负极（9）连接。本发明还涉及一种牵引电网（1）以及一种用于借助于外部直流电压源（6）给牵引电网（1）的电池（3）充电的方法。

Description

用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电压转换的设备、一种在电动车辆或混合动力车辆中的牵引电网以及一种用于给牵引电网中的电池充电的方法。
背景技术
在电动车辆或混合动力车辆中的牵引电网包括电池、逆变器和电机，该电机通常构造为三相电机。在此，逆变器包括中间电路电容器以及三个半桥，其中在这些半桥中分别布置有两个具有续流二极管的晶体管。这些晶体管通过控制器来操控，该控制器对这些晶体管进行控制，使得直流电压转换成三个相位错开的交变电压信号或者反过来三相交变电压在回收制动时转换成直流电压。
为了实现相对应地大的航程，需要具有高能量密度的电池。短的充电时间需要高的充电功率，使得在电池中争取达到相对应地高的额定电压。不过，目前可用的晶体管约为600V的有限的耐压强度。因而，可能的电池电压被限制到大约400V，而相对应的外部直流电压源被设计到400V。
从EP 0 593 472 B1公知一种用于运行电动车辆的交流驱动装置的作为车载充电器的逆变器的方法，其中在充电运行期间将该逆变器的两个桥式支路调节为升压转换器，使得根据尽可能正弦形的、高次谐波小的电流馈给以cosφ = 1将直流电压注入逆变器的中间电路电容器，而且其中将该逆变器的另一桥式支路调节为降压转换器，使得根据电动车辆的行驶电池的充电特性将充电电流从中间电路电容器注入该行驶电池。在一个替选的实施方式中，在充电运行期间，将该逆变器的桥式支路调节为升压转换器，使得根据电动车辆的行驶电池的充电特性将充电电流从中间电路电容器注入该行驶电池。
从DE 10 2009 033 185 B4公知一种用于给车辆的电池充电的充电系统，该充电系统具有变流器，该变流器在其直流电压侧连接到电池上，用于将由电池提供的直流电压变流成对于用于驱动车辆的电机来说能使用的可变的交变电压。该充电系统还具有开关单元，该开关单元连接到变流器的交变电压侧上，用于将外部供电电网连接到变流器上。在此，该开关单元被设置用于：在将变流器用作电池的充电器之前，将变流器与电机之间的连接断开，其中变流器的电压适配模块被设置用于按照电池的充电要求来创建充电系统的充电特性。该变流器还包括中间电路，该中间电路的电压值被提高得超过外部供电电网的电压值，其中该变流器设计为使得在插上电网充电连接端时没有高电流流到外部供电电网上。该充电系统还包括使能开关装置，用于：当电压提高装置已经将中间电路的电压提高到比外部供电电网的电压更高的电压时，解锁车辆的充电盖并且断开至少一个电网充电连接端。
发明内容
本发明所基于的技术问题在于：提供一种用于供电的设备，借助于该设备，以给定的外部直流电压源来进行更快的充电是可能的。另一问题是提供一种适合于电动车辆或混合动力车辆的牵引电网以及提供一种用于给牵引电网中的电池充电的方法。
该技术问题的解决方案通过具有权利要求1的特征的设备、具有权利要求6的特征的牵引电网以及具有权利要求7的特征的方法来得到。本发明的其它有利的设计方案从从属权利要求中得到。
用于电压转换的设备包括变流器和控制器，其中该变流器具有用于连接电池的双极直流电压连接端和用于连接电机的三极交变电压连接端。该变流器还具有三个半桥，其中不仅在每个半桥的上方部分而且在每个半桥的下方部分都布置有两个具有续流二极管的晶体管。在此，这些半桥的中间抽头与交变电压连接端连接或者能与该交变电压连接端连接。与直流电压连接端并联地布置有中间电路电容器，该中间电路电容器由至少两个串联的电容器组成，其中共同的连接点形成零压点。在此，可以分别有多个电容器并联，其中接着两个并联电路串联。这些半桥还分别分配有两个二极管，其中这两个二极管串联并且使这些半桥的上方部分和下方部分的中间抽头连接。在此，第一二极管的阳极与下方部分的中间抽头连接，而另一二极管的阴极与上方部分的中间抽头连接。这些二极管的中间抽头与零压点连接或能与零压点连接。此外，至少一个半桥具有两个开关元件。第一开关元件在第一开关位置使在两个二极管之间的中间抽头与零压点连接，而在第二开关位置使在所述二极管之间的中间抽头与外部直流电压源的正充电连接端连接。第二开关元件在第一开关位置使半桥的中间抽头与交变电压连接端的极连接，而在第二开关位置使半桥的中间抽头与直流电压连接端的负极连接。在此，控制器构造为使得根据所意图的外部充电过程将开关元件从第一开关位置调节到第二开关位置。通过每个半桥分别使用四个晶体管，电池的额定电压可以相对应地两倍大地来选择。例如，可以选择额定电压为800V的电池。另一优点是：实现3级变流器拓扑，使得在电压的沿斜率方面较有利的特性使对电机侧的绕组的要求放松。通过相对应地调整的脉冲模式，可以有针对性地消除谐波电流成分，这改善了电机的总效率，因为高次谐波通常对转矩形成没有贡献。现在，通过如下方式来利用其额定电压小于电池的额定电压的外部直流电压源给电池充电：在充电运行（第二开关位置）时，在半桥的上方部分的晶体管作为DC/DC升压转换器来运行。由此，例如可以通过具有400V额定电压的外部直流电压源给具有800V额定电压的电池充电。这允许在充电功率大的情况下快速的充电时间。在此，对于升压转换器来说所需的电感例如可以由外部直流电压源来提供。在此，电感的所需的大小取决于晶体管的开关频率，因为阻抗是jωL。
在一个实施方式中，每个半桥都分配有两个开关元件，使得充电功率可以被分配到三个支路上。在此，升压转换器可以在时间上彼此错开地被接通，这减少了纹波（Ripple）形成。
在另一实施方式中，开关元件构造为继电器，使得能实现电流分开。
在另一实施方式中，晶体管构造为IGBT，因为所述IGBT与MOSFET相比具有更高的耐压强度。
在另一实施方式中，将所需的电感布置在正充电连接端与半桥的中间抽头之间，使得不需要与外部直流电压源的特殊的适配。
关于牵引电网的构造方案以及用于给电池充电的方法，全部内容参考上文的实施方案。
附图说明
随后，本发明依据一个优选的实施例进一步予以阐述。附图中：
图1示出了电动车辆或混合动力车辆的牵引电网；而
图2示出了在第二开关位置的升压转换器的细节图。
具体实施方式
牵引电网1包括变流器2、电池3、控制器4和电机5。还示出了外部直流电压源6，但是该外部直流电压源不是牵引电网1的组成部分。
变流器2具有12个晶体管T1-T12，这12个晶体管分别分配有续流二极管D，其中只有第一晶体管T1的续流二极管D配备有附图标记。晶体管T1-T12由控制器4来操控，其中出于清楚原因只示出了对晶体管T1和T2的控制能力。晶体管T1-T4构成第一半桥H1，晶体管T5-T8构成第二半桥H2，而晶体管T9-T12构成第三半桥H3。每个半桥H1-H3都具有上方部分H1O-H3O和下方部分H1U-H3U，其中上方部分H1O-H3O由晶体管T1、T2；T5、T6以及T9、T10构成。在上方部分H1O-H3O与相应的下方部分H1U-H3U之间有相应的半桥H1-H3的中间抽头M1-M3。变流器2还具有双极直流电压连接端，该双极直流电压连接端具有正极8和负极9，其中电池3布置在该直流电压连接端上。与直流电压连接端并联地布置有中间电路电容器，该中间电路电容器由两个电容器Cdc的串联电路组成，其中共同的连接点限定了零压点N。变流器2还具有三极交变电压连接端，该三极交变电压连接端的三个极A、B、C与电机5的三个绕组连接端连接。最后，变流器2还具有6个开关元件S1-S6以及6个二极管D1-D6。在此，开关元件S1-S2被分配给第一半桥H，开关元件S3-S4被分配给第二半桥H2，而开关元件S5-S6被分配给第三半桥H3。开关单元S1-S6也由控制器4来操控，其中出于清楚原因只示出了对第一开关元件S1的操控线路。开关元件S1-S6分别具有第一开关位置和第二开关位置，其中在图1中示出了第一开关位置。开关元件S1、S3和S5在第一开关位置使中间抽头M1-M3与交变电压连接端的极A、B、C连接，其中M1与B连接，M2与A连接而M3与C连接。在第二开关位置，中间抽头M1-M3与直流电压连接端的负极9连接。二极管D1和D2串联，其中第一二极管D1的阴极与第一半桥H1的上方部分H10的中间抽头M10连接。第二二极管D2的阳极与第一半桥H1的下方部分H1U的中间抽头M1U连接，其中二极管D1、D2的共同的连接点形成中间抽头M12。二极管D3-D6相对应地接线并且限定中间抽头M34和M56。开关元件S2、S4和S6在第一开关位置使中间抽头M12、M34和M56与零压点N连接。
接着，在开关元件S1-S6的第一开关位置，控制器4可以（例如通过相对应的脉冲模式）操控晶体管T1-T12，使得由电池3的直流电压产生用于电机5的三相交变电压。在此，可以实现3级变流器，因为现在每个半桥H1-H3都有四个晶体管供支配。因而，晶体管T1-T12只还须对一半的中间电路电压进行切换，这关于电流方面造成3级变流器的已知的优点。因此，例如可以将电池3的额定电压提高到800V，其中晶体管T1-T12只具有600V的耐压强度，因为这些晶体管最大必须分别对400V进行切换。
此外，如果电机5在回收制动下发电机式地运行，则在第一开关位置，电池3可以通过该电机5来充电。
为了现在通过外部直流电压源6来给电池3充电，变流器2具有一个负充电连接端10和三个正充电连接端11.1-11.3，其中这三个充电连接端11.1-11.3经由三个外部电感L1-L3引导到直流电压源6的正极上。为了通过外部直流电压源6给电池3充电，开关元件S1-S6被控制器4切换到第二开关位置。开关元件S1、S3和S5在第二开关位置使中间抽头M1、M2、M3与负极9连接，该负极9也通过负充电连接端10与外部直流电压源6的负极连接。开关元件S2、S4和S6在第二开关位置使中间抽头M12、M34、M56与正充电连接端11.1-11.3连接。借此，二极管D2、D4和D6是沿截止方向有极性的。
经此，例如对于第一半桥H1的上方部分H1O来说，得到在图2中示出的接线，这对应于DC/DC升压转换器。在此，对于充电循环来说，T2接通而T1关断。那么在放电循环中，T2关断而T1接通。接着，借助于DC/DC升压转换器，例如可以将外部直流电压源6的400V的额定电压升压到800V的额定电压。因此，可以实现具有约为800V的额定电压的牵引电网1，其中晶体管T1-T12具有低的耐压强度（例如600V）而且外部充电基础设施也被设计用于更小的额定电压（例如400V）。在此，通过半桥H1、H2、H3的全部三个上方部分H1O、H2O、H3O都接线为DC/DC升压转换器，将电流均匀地分配，这尤其是关于所要耗散的损耗功率方面是有利的。
在此，晶体管T1-T12优选地构造为IGBT而开关元件S1-S6构造为继电器。在此，电感L1-L3也可以集成到变流器2中。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于电压转换的设备，所述设备包括变流器（2）和控制器（4），其中所述变流器（2）具有用于连接电池（3）的双极直流电压连接端和用于连接电机（5）的三极交变电压连接端，其中所述变流器（2）具有三个半桥（H1-H3），其中不仅在每个半桥（H1、H2、H3）的上方部分（H1O、H2O、H3O）而且在每个半桥（H1、H2、H3）的下方部分（H1U、H2U、H3U）都布置有两个具有续流二极管（D）的晶体管（T1-T12），其中所述半桥（H1-H3）的中间抽头（M1-M3）能与所述交变电压连接端连接，而且与所述直流电压连接端并联地布置有中间电路电容器，所述中间电路电容器由至少两个串联的电容器（Cdc）组成，其中共同的连接点形成零压点（N），其中所述半桥（H1-H3）分配有两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6），其中所述两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6）串联并且使所述半桥（H1-H3）的上方部分（H1O、H2O、H3O）和下方部分（H1U、H2U、H3U）的中间抽头（M1O-M3O；M1U-M3U）连接，其中至少一个半桥（H1-H3）分配有两个开关元件（S1、S2；S3、S4；S5、S6），其中第一开关元件（S1、S4、S6）在第一开关位置使在所述两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6）之间的中间抽头（M12、M34、M56）与所述零压点（N）连接，而在第二开关位置使在所述两个二极管（D1、D2；D3、D4；D5、D6）之间的中间抽头（M12、M34、M56）与外部直流电压源（6）的正充电连接端（11.1-11.3）连接，其中第二开关元件（S1、S3、S5）在第一开关位置使所述半桥（H1、H2、H3）的中间抽头（M1、M2、M3）与所述交变电压连接端的极（A、B、C）连接，而在第二开关位置使所述半桥（H1、H2、H3）的中间抽头（M1、M2、M3）与所述直流电压连接端的负极（10）连接，其中所述控制器（4）构造为使得根据所意图的外部充电过程将开关元件（S1-S6）从第一开关位置调节到第二开关位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，全部三个半桥（H1-H3）都分别分配有两个开关元件（S1、S2；S3、S4；S5、S6），其中所述控制器（4）构造为使得不同的半桥（H1-H3）的上方部分（H1O-H3O）的晶体管（T1、T2；T5、T6；T9、T10）相位彼此错开地被操控。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述开关元件（S1-S6）构造为继电器。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述晶体管（T1-T12）构造为IGBT。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，在所述正充电连接端（11.1-11.3）与所述半桥（H1-H3）的中间抽头（M1-M3）之间布置有电感（L1-L3）。
6.一种在电动车辆或混合动力车辆中的牵引电网（1），所述牵引电网包括根据权利要求1至5之一所述的设备，其中电池（3）连接在直流电压连接端上而电机（5）连接在三极交变电压连接端上。
7.一种用于给在根据权利要求6所述的牵引电网（1）中的电池（3）充电的方法，其特征在于，外部直流电压源（6）的正极被连接到正充电连接端（11.1-11.3）上而外部直流电压源（6）的负极连接到负充电连接端（10）上，其中所述外部直流电压源（6）的额定电压小于所述电池（3）的额定电压，其中控制器（4）将开关元件（S1-S6）从第一开关位置调节到第二开关位置，而且操控在半桥（H1-H3）的上方部分（H1O、H2O、H3O）的晶体管（T1、T2；T5、T6；T9、T10）作为DC/DC升压转换器。
CN201780058539.4A 2016-09-23 2017-04-21 用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法 Active CN109789805B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016218304.4A DE102016218304B3 (de) 2016-09-23 2016-09-23 Vorrichtung zur Spannungswandlung, Traktionsnetz und Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie
DE102016218304.4 2016-09-23
PCT/EP2017/059468 WO2018054558A1 (de) 2016-09-23 2017-04-21 Vorrichtung zur spannungswandlung, traktionsnetz und verfahren zum laden einer batterie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109789805A true CN109789805A (zh) 2019-05-21
CN109789805B CN109789805B (zh) 2022-07-19

Family

ID=58579174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780058539.4A Active CN109789805B (zh) 2016-09-23 2017-04-21 用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10476401B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN109789805B (zh)
DE (1) DE102016218304B3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018054558A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11479139B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2022-10-25 Invertedpower Pty Ltd Methods and systems for an integrated charging system for an electric vehicle
DE102016218304B3 (de) 2016-09-23 2018-02-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Spannungswandlung, Traktionsnetz und Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie
DE102018203192A1 (de) 2018-03-02 2019-09-05 Schmidhauser Ag Lade-System
CN112118981A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2020-12-22 捷普有限公司 具有集成电池充电器的多电平电机驱动器
DE102018120236A1 (de) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-20 Thyssenkrupp Ag Ladevorrichtung mit steuerbarer Zwischenkreismittelpunktsspannung sowie Antriebssystem mit einer derartigen Ladevorrichtung
DE102018124787A1 (de) 2018-10-08 2020-04-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Ladevorrichtung und elektrisches Antriebssystem mit einer derartigen Ladevorrichtung
DE102018009848A1 (de) 2018-12-14 2019-06-27 Daimler Ag Schaltungsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere für ein Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeug
DE102019208118A1 (de) * 2019-06-04 2020-12-10 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Fahrzeugbordnetz mit einem Gleichspannungsladeanschluss
JP7160007B2 (ja) 2019-09-20 2022-10-25 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源装置
DE102019215306B4 (de) * 2019-10-07 2022-06-30 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Zwischenkreisschaltung und fahrzeugseitige Ladeschaltung mit Zwischenkreisschaltung
EP4016837B1 (en) 2020-10-21 2023-11-22 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Electric drive system, power assembly, and electric vehicle
DE102021116579A1 (de) 2021-06-28 2022-12-29 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ladesystems für ein Fahrzeug mit einem galvanisch nicht-getrennten Ladegerät
DE102021003852A1 (de) * 2021-07-27 2021-09-23 Daimler Ag Elektrisches Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines entsprechenden elektrischen Antriebssystems
DE102021208773B3 (de) 2021-08-11 2022-08-18 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Traktionsnetz für ein Elektrofahrzeug und Verfahren zum Laden

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4920475A (en) * 1988-03-07 1990-04-24 California Institute Of Technology Integrated traction inverter and battery charger apparatus
JP2003079153A (ja) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-14 Nippon Yusoki Co Ltd バッテリ車
CN101238007A (zh) * 2005-08-08 2008-08-06 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆用电源装置
WO2010119097A2 (en) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-21 Renault Sas Motor vehicle with electric propulsion and terminal for charging the bank of accumulators of such a vehicle
CN102005789A (zh) * 2009-08-31 2011-04-06 通用电气公司 用于使用车载功率电子设备转移能量的设备及其制造方法
CN102015355A (zh) * 2009-06-16 2011-04-13 雷诺股份公司 用于电气车辆的迅速可逆充电设备
US20110215743A1 (en) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Battery charging circuit and charging method
CN102332766A (zh) * 2010-06-25 2012-01-25 法雷奥电机控制系统公司 用于供电和充电的混合电气设备的交流电动机
JP2012044765A (ja) * 2010-08-18 2012-03-01 Ihi Corp バッテリ制御装置及び車両
US20130094265A1 (en) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Yuan-Fang Lai Integrated inverter apparatus and method of operating the same
CN103182948A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 比亚迪股份有限公司 电动汽车及在充放电和驱动功能之间切换的动力系统
WO2013124012A2 (de) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ladevorrichtung eines elektrisch betriebenen fahrzeugs
CN103770656A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 伊顿公司 一种集成驱动/充电装置
CN103931093A (zh) * 2011-11-18 2014-07-16 大众汽车有限公司 用于对电动或混合动力车辆的牵引电池充电的设备和方法
CN104837669A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2015-08-12 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于从三相交流电压源中给电储能器充电的装置和方法
US20180029484A1 (en) * 2015-02-19 2018-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit arrangement for operating an electrical machine in a motor vehicle with provision of a dc voltage

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993001650A1 (de) * 1991-07-08 1993-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines wechselrichters eines drehstromantriebs eines elektroautos als bordladegerät
DE102009033185B4 (de) * 2009-05-13 2014-12-31 Avl Software And Functions Gmbh Ladesystem und Ladeverfahren zum Laden einer Batterie eines Fahrzeugs und Fahrzeug mit einem solchen Ladesystem
US8493032B2 (en) 2010-07-20 2013-07-23 Tesla Motors, Inc. Bidirectional polyphase multimode converter including boost and buck-boost modes
US20120218795A1 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-30 Siemens Corporation Pulse width modulated control for hybrid inverters
DE102012212291A1 (de) 2012-07-13 2014-02-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Modularer Aufbau von DC-Schnellladestationen
US9318974B2 (en) * 2014-03-26 2016-04-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Multi-level inverter with flying capacitor topology
RU2693573C1 (ru) * 2015-11-13 2019-07-03 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Бестрансформаторный многоуровневый преобразователь среднего напряжения и способ для управления бестрансформаторным многоуровневым преобразователем среднего напряжения
DE102016218304B3 (de) 2016-09-23 2018-02-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Spannungswandlung, Traktionsnetz und Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4920475A (en) * 1988-03-07 1990-04-24 California Institute Of Technology Integrated traction inverter and battery charger apparatus
JP2003079153A (ja) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-14 Nippon Yusoki Co Ltd バッテリ車
CN101238007A (zh) * 2005-08-08 2008-08-06 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆用电源装置
WO2010119097A2 (en) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-21 Renault Sas Motor vehicle with electric propulsion and terminal for charging the bank of accumulators of such a vehicle
CN102015355A (zh) * 2009-06-16 2011-04-13 雷诺股份公司 用于电气车辆的迅速可逆充电设备
CN102005789A (zh) * 2009-08-31 2011-04-06 通用电气公司 用于使用车载功率电子设备转移能量的设备及其制造方法
US20110215743A1 (en) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Battery charging circuit and charging method
CN102332766A (zh) * 2010-06-25 2012-01-25 法雷奥电机控制系统公司 用于供电和充电的混合电气设备的交流电动机
JP2012044765A (ja) * 2010-08-18 2012-03-01 Ihi Corp バッテリ制御装置及び車両
US20130094265A1 (en) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Yuan-Fang Lai Integrated inverter apparatus and method of operating the same
CN103931093A (zh) * 2011-11-18 2014-07-16 大众汽车有限公司 用于对电动或混合动力车辆的牵引电池充电的设备和方法
CN103182948A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 比亚迪股份有限公司 电动汽车及在充放电和驱动功能之间切换的动力系统
WO2013124012A2 (de) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ladevorrichtung eines elektrisch betriebenen fahrzeugs
CN103770656A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 伊顿公司 一种集成驱动/充电装置
CN104837669A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2015-08-12 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于从三相交流电压源中给电储能器充电的装置和方法
US20180029484A1 (en) * 2015-02-19 2018-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit arrangement for operating an electrical machine in a motor vehicle with provision of a dc voltage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
宣圣谢贤等: "基于新型四开关逆变器的集成式电动汽车充电器", 《电源学报》 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109789805B (zh) 2022-07-19
DE102016218304B3 (de) 2018-02-01
US10476401B2 (en) 2019-11-12
WO2018054558A1 (de) 2018-03-29
US20190305690A1 (en) 2019-10-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109789805A (zh) 用于电压转换的设备、牵引电网和用于给电池充电的方法
JP6637552B2 (ja) エネルギー貯蔵器を充電するための装置
US10283990B2 (en) Universal current charger
CN104396116B (zh) 用于控制机动车辆电池的充电器的方法
CN111434514B (zh) 能量转换装置、动力系统及车辆
CN102593928A (zh) 用于形成充电电路的方法及设备
WO2018227307A1 (en) Constant current fast charging of electric vehicles via dc grid using dual inverter drive
CN111434513A (zh) 一种车辆及其能量转换装置与动力系统
EP2605396B1 (en) A track-bound vehicle inverter
CA3066649A1 (en) Constant current fast charging of electric vehicles via dc grid using dual inverter drive
US20080205109A1 (en) Energy distribution system for vehicle
JP2010220443A (ja) 車両搭載用マルチフェーズコンバータ
JP5358309B2 (ja) 車両用多機能コンバータ
CN110461641A (zh) 用于车辆的充电电路装置以及用于充电电路装置的方法
KR102334658B1 (ko) 차량 배터리 충전 장치
Nachankar et al. Universal off-board battery charger for light and heavy electric vehicles
CN112224053A (zh) 一种能量转换装置、动力系统及车辆
CN112224057B (zh) 一种车辆及其能量转换装置与动力系统
CN112224063A (zh) 能量转换装置、动力系统及车辆
CN112224060B (zh) 一种车辆及其能量转换装置与动力系统
CN117813216A (zh) 用于车辆的电驱动系统和用于运行相应电驱动系统的方法
CN112224038B (zh) 一种能量转换装置、动力系统及车辆
CN112224051B (zh) 一种车辆及其能量转换装置与动力系统
CN112224062B (zh) 能量转换装置、动力系统以及车辆
CN106992701B (zh) 推进装置和借助两个蓄能器运行电机的电路装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant