CN109781785A - A kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration burning mixed material heating-value determination method - Google Patents
A kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration burning mixed material heating-value determination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to incineration treatment of garbage fields, and in particular to a kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration burning mixed material heating-value determination method.This measuring method includes the estimation of rubbish higher calorific value, measurement msw water content and estimation rubbish Lower heat value, the estimation of sludge high-low-position calorific value and the estimation of sludge-garbage mixture calorific value.This method can quickly obtain the more accurate calorific value into furnace mixed material, determine its ignition quality, to be conducive to the operating condition that operations staff holds according to furnace material calorific value is entered in time and adjusts refuse burning system;It has fully considered the different component classification in rubbish, and has guaranteed to provide the sampling sample of sufficient multi-point, and carried out parameters revision to the link for being also easy to produce error in implementation steps, data accuracy is high;This estimating and measuring method input cost is smaller, is not necessarily to sample presentation exterior measuring, the testing time only about 1.5 hours, is applicable to operations staff accurately according to adjustment and tracer request of the furnace material calorific value to refuse burning system operating condition is entered, is worthy to be popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to incineration treatment of garbage fields, and in particular to a kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration burning mixed material calorific value
Measuring method.
Background technique
Currently, each big city in China faces the double predicament of " sludge besieged city " and " garbage-surrounded city ".Incineration method be at present most
It is able to achieve to house refuse and the innoxious of municipal sludge, stabilisation, minimizing, recycling treatment.Waste incineration is utilized in the industry
Sludge after desiccation is delivered directly in refuse-burning plant burning boiler and participates in directly combustion by the residual heat to dry sludge in power plant
It burns, both solves a large amount of sludge treatment problem of outlet, and can in the case where guaranteeing the operation of garbage burning boiler normal duty in this way
Existing flue gas purification system, afterheat utilizing system, ash processing system are utilized with abundant garbage incinerating power plant, reaches industry
The purpose of collaboration, resource complementation, the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another;Reduce investment and operating cost.However, enter furnace burning material calorific value for
The stable operation of waste incinerator has an important influence, and for the fuel element of various materials mixing, the calorific value of each material is determined
The mixed-fuel burning proportion of mixed calorific value and different material.
For house refuse and municipal sludge, there are a variety of heating-value determination methods in the industry at present.Wherein, MSW heating value
Measuring method have: (1) Industrial Analysis prediction empirical model;(2) physical component analysis prediction empirical model;(3) elemental analysis
Prediction model;(4) house refuse sampling and the middle side measured with oxygen bomb type calorimeter instrument Physical Analysis Methods (CJ/T313-2009)
Method.It is mainly oxygen bomb type calorimeter instrument method for measuring to sludge calorific value measuring method.It is measured, is thrown using oxygen bomb type calorimeter instrument
Enter greatly, and the method Primary Reference coal heating-value determination method needs to optimize since the property of rubbish property and coal has very big difference
Determination condition is to obtain more accurate calorific value testing result, however this inherently has certain difficulty.Experience is predicted in Industrial Analysis
Modelling and elemental analysis prediction model method need to measure C, H, O to entrust external detection unit, N, S, based on the elements such as Cl, and
The measurement period is long, and not garbage incinerating power plant operation enterprise independently can be estimated quickly.Physical component analysis prediction empirical model
Method also need to be based on entrusting external detection unit to measure 11 kinds of basic physical compositions, and the measurement period is long, not waste incineration
Power plant operation enterprise independently can be estimated quickly.
In short, it is quick to be not easy to garbage incinerating power plant operation enterprise to the heating-value determination method of rubbish and sludge above
And the calorific value into furnace fuel combination is burned in the collaboration of the real time measure sludge-rubbish, wait obtain it is accurate enter furnace fuel combination calorific value,
Then in the presence of enter furnace fuel value and the real-time waste incinerator operating condition detected, there are hysteresis qualitys, are not easy to waste incineration hair
Power plant's operation enterprise is according to entering furnace fuel combination calorific value to the tune for mixing the waste incinerator operating condition of municipal sludge after dryouting
Whole control.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: in view of the above problems, a kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration is provided and is burnt
Mixed material heating-value determination method is burnt, rubbish Lower heat value and sludge Lower heat value number can quickly be obtained by simple classification estimation
According to, obtain sludge-garbage mixture calorific value data further according to mixed-fuel burning proportion, and then can accurate basis enter furnace mixed material
Calorific value and to the control parameter of refuse burning system, (such as First air and Secondary Air are with air quantity, garbage feeding speed, fire grate toward complex-velocity
The control parameters such as degree, residing time in furnace) adaptability regulation is carried out, while also controllable being mixed into furnace sludge-garbage mixture
Burning ratio.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
1) rubbish higher calorific value is estimated;
2) msw water content is measured, estimates rubbish Lower heat value in conjunction with the resulting higher calorific value of step 1;
3) measurement moisture percentage in sewage sludge carries out the estimation of sludge higher calorific value, carries out in conjunction with moisture percentage in sewage sludge and sludge higher calorific value
Sludge Lower heat value estimates side;
4) according to burning mixed mud ratio, sludge-garbage mixture is measured based on rubbish Lower heat value and sludge Lower heat value
Calorific value.
Refuse thermal value is fast for the feed of First air and Secondary Air with air quantity, waste incinerator for controlling refuse burning system
Degree, incinerator are discharged into the actual operation parameters of the residence time of complex velocity, rubbish in furnace etc. and are of great significance.It is burnt in rubbish
Power plant is burnt, if carrying out lab analysis to the actual calorific value of rubbish or according to the combustion parameter cumulative analysis of certain time,
Its calorimetry result lag, it is little for real-time control refuse burning system operating condition directive significance.
Calorific value is also known as calorific power or calorific value.In chemistry of fuel, a kind of important indicator of fuel mass is indicated.Unit mass
The heat released when the fuel completely burned of (or volume).Fuel value has higher calorific value and two kinds of Lower heat value.High-order heat
Value refers to the net quantity of heat that fuel is released in completely burned, i.e., when the water recovery in combustion products is at water
Calorific value, also referred to as hair heat.Lower heat value refers to fuel completely burned, and the water vapour in combustion product is with the hair in the presence of gaseous state
Heat, also referred to as net heat.The difference of higher calorific value and Lower heat value is that the water in fuel combustion products is in a liquid state or gaseous state,
It is higher calorific value that water, which is in a liquid state, and water is Lower heat value in gaseous state.Lower heat value is equal to deducts the solidifying of water vapour from higher calorific value
Knot heat.In the industry to garbage burning factory main equipment --- garbage incinerator fire grate design parameter is selected with the wet basis Lower heat value of rubbish
For reference.
In the step 1, non-plastic constituent content and plastic fraction content in rubbish are estimated by refuse classification, into one
Content of organics in step sorting estimation non-plastic component and plastic fraction, is measured based on the data obtained according to following empirical equation
The higher calorific value of rubbish: HHV (rubbish)=[E × R × A%+F × (1-R) × B%] × 1000, unit K J/kg, in which: HHV
(rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value, non-plastic component ratio in R-rubbish, the percentage of organic matter in A-rubbish non-plastic component
Content, the organic matter percentage composition of plastic fraction, E- non-plastic component calorific value coefficient, F- plastic fraction calorific value are normal in B-rubbish
Number.
Artificial separation can be used in the sorting operation.Rubbish is divided into plastic fraction and non-plastic component, calorific value in rubbish
Source be usually organic compound combustion, therefore further segment out content of organics, and according to plastic fraction calorific value coefficient and non-
The estimation of the relationship of plastic fraction calorific value coefficient and related component ratio progress rubbish higher calorific value.Plastic fraction calorific value coefficient and
Non-plastic component calorific value coefficient is according to the other different different froms in region and City-level, as one embodiment of this programme, institute
Stating plastic fraction calorific value constant value is 32.5, and the non-plastic component calorific value constant value is 23.1.
In the step 2, the moisture content of rubbish is estimated, the higher calorific value data in conjunction with described in step 1, according to passing through below
The Lower heat value that formula measures rubbish: LHV (rubbish)=HHV (rubbish) × (100-H × W1%)/(100-I-W1%) is tested, it is single
Position KJ/kg, in which: HHV (rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value, LHV (rubbish)-rubbish Lower heat value, W1%-rubbish are aqueous
Rate, H- moisture content calorific value loss coefficient, I- moisture content calorific value correction factor.The estimating and measuring method of the msw water content are as follows: will take
Sample rubbish sample is placed on screen bed base, is squeezed about 10 minutes with iron plate, weighs the weight of the rubbish sample after squeezing, root
The rubbish sample moisture content: W1=(M1-M2) * 100/M1+30, wherein rubbish sample before M1-squeezing is estimated according to empirical equation
Weight, rubbish example weight after M2-squeezing, W1%-msw water content.
Using the moisture content of artificial physics pressing method measurement rubbish, empirical data suggests that after this method is handled, rubbish
Rubbish itself can also residual moisture be about 30% or so, therefore processing is modified in formula.Utilize the higher calorific value number of acquisition
According to and moisture content, the Lower heat value for obtaining rubbish is calculated according to moisture content calorific value loss coefficient and moisture content calorific value correction factor.
Its loss system of the rubbish of different zones and correction factor different from, as one embodiment of this programme, the moisture content
Calorific value loss coefficient is 24.1, and the moisture content calorific value correction factor is 0.19.
In the step S3, the moisture content by measuring sludge estimates the higher calorific value of sludge, then passes through moisture content and dirt
The Lower heat value of mud higher calorific value estimation sludge.In one embodiment of this programme, surveyed using halogen moisture teller
Determine moisture percentage in sewage sludge.The estimating formula of the higher calorific value and Lower heat value are as follows: HHV (sludge)=J/ 1+ [exp (W2+10)/
8)] }+K, unit K J/kg, in which: HHV (sludge)-sludge higher calorific value, W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge, J- sludge wet basis calorific value
Constant, K- sludge dry base heat value constant;LHV (sludge)=HHV (sludge) * (1-W2/100) -2100*W2/100, in which: LHV
(sludge)-sludge Lower heat value, W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge.
In conjunction with moisture percentage in sewage sludge, the high-order heat of sludge is carried out according to sludge dry base heat value constant and sludge wet basis calorific value constant
The estimation of value.Sludge Lower heat value is estimated by the higher calorific value and moisture content of the sludge estimated again.Different cities are not
It is also and different with the sludge dry and wet base calorific value constant of territorial environment, as one embodiment of this programme, the sludge butt heat
Numerical constant takes 12000, and sludge wet basis calorific value constant takes 8000.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sampling of moisture percentage in sewage sludge is sampled using multipoint mode, multi-point is sampled mixed
After closing uniformly, then the sample needed for taking out halogen moisture teller in mixed sample.
In the step S5, the empirical equation of the heating-value determination of the sludge-garbage mixture are as follows:
LHV (mixing)=[LHV (sludge) * D+LHV (rubbish) * (100-D)]/100, in which: D-garbage incinerating power plant
The ratio % of burning mixed mud.
In one embodiment of the invention, need prepare furnace rubbish sample in multi-point sample altogether 100kg into
Row estimation is divided into two parts after stirring and evenly mixing the 100kg rubbish sample of sampling, rubbish of a copy of it for step 1 is high-order
Calorific value estimation, another estimates for the msw water content of step 2 measures rubbish Lower heat value in turn.
Compared with prior art, as the above scheme is adopted, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, this programme discloses
A kind of method that mixed material calorific value is burned in quick estimation rubbish-sludge collaboration, can be by simple before mixture enters furnace
Estimate and quickly obtain accurate calorific value, determine the ignition quality of furnace garbage mixture, to be conducive to waste incineration hair
The operating condition that power plant operations staff holds according to furnace material calorific value is entered in time and adjusts refuse burning system;2, this measurement method
It has fully considered the different component classification in rubbish, and has guaranteed to provide the sampling sample of sufficient multi-point, and walk implementation
The link that error is also easy to produce in rapid has carried out parameters revision, obtains Lower heat value by higher calorific value, so that final gained
Data accuracy is high;3, this estimating and measuring method step is simply easily implemented, and input cost is smaller, is not necessarily to sample presentation exterior measuring, the testing time is only
It is about 1.5 hours, is suitable for the adjustment of refuse burning system parameter and tracer request, is worthy to be popularized.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is sludge of the invention-refuse thermal value measuring method step schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Any feature disclosed in this specification unless specifically stated can be equivalent or with similar purpose by other
Alternative features are replaced.That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
?.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention discloses a kind of sludge-rubbish collaborations to burn mixed material heating-value determination method, including
Following steps:
1) multi-point sampling rubbish is total to double centner in garbage storing hole, and two parts are divided into after manually stirring and evenly mixing, is remembered respectively
Make A parts and B parts.
2) rubbish higher calorific value is estimated;It takes A parts of rubbish by mechanically or manually refuse classification, by weight, measures rubbish
In non-plastic constituent content and plastic fraction content, further sorting estimation non-plastic component and plastic fraction in organic matter
Content measures the higher calorific value of rubbish: HHV (rubbish)=[23.1 × R × A%+ based on the data obtained according to following empirical equation
32.5 × (1-R) × B%] × 1000, unit KJ/kg, in which: HHV (rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value is non-in R-rubbish
Plastic fraction ratio, the percentage composition of organic matter in A-rubbish non-plastic component, the organic matter hundred of plastic fraction in B-rubbish
Divide content.
3) msw water content is measured, estimates rubbish Lower heat value in conjunction with the resulting higher calorific value of step 1;The rubbish is aqueous
The estimating and measuring method of rate are as follows: B parts of sampling rubbish samples are placed on screen bed base, are squeezed about 10 minutes with iron plate, weigh through
The weight of rubbish sample after squeezing, rule of thumb formula estimates the rubbish sample moisture content: W1=(M1-M2) * 100/M1+30,
Wherein, rubbish example weight before M1-squeezing, rubbish example weight after M2-squeezing, W1%-msw water content.Estimation obtains
After the moisture content of rubbish, the higher calorific value data in conjunction with described in step 1 measure the low level heat of rubbish according to following empirical equation
Value: LHV (rubbish)=HHV (rubbish) × (100-24.3 × W1%)/(100-0.19-W1%), unit KJ/kg, in which:
HHV (rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value, LHV (rubbish)-rubbish Lower heat value, W1%-msw water content.
4) measurement moisture percentage in sewage sludge carries out the estimation of sludge higher calorific value, carries out in conjunction with moisture percentage in sewage sludge and sludge higher calorific value
Sludge Lower heat value estimates side;The sampling of moisture percentage in sewage sludge is sampled using multipoint mode, after mixing by multi-point sampling, then from mixed
Sample needed for taking out halogen moisture teller in sample after conjunction carries out measurement of water-content coefficient.The higher calorific value and low level heat
The estimating formula of value are as follows: and HHV (sludge)=8200/ { 1+ [exp (W2+10)/8)] }+12000, unit K J/kg, in which: HHV
(sludge)-sludge higher calorific value, W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge;LHV (sludge)=HHV (sludge) * (1-W2/100) -2100*
W2/100, in which: LHV (sludge)-sludge Lower heat value, W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge.
5) according to burning mixed mud ratio, sludge-garbage mixture is measured based on rubbish Lower heat value and sludge Lower heat value
Calorific value.LHV (total)=[LHV (sludge) * D+LHV (rubbish) * (100-D)]/100, in which: D-garbage incinerating power plant is mixed
The ratio % of burning sludge.
Using the above method carry out certain garbage burning factory into stokehold sludge-garbage mixture heating-value determination.
Embodiment
By taking the emerging environmentally friendly power plant in Chengdu ten thousand as an example, it is selected to be measured into stokehold sludge-waste incineration mixture,
Distributed 5 points randomly select rubbish 20kg respectively in garbage storing hole, and total 100kg is equally divided into two groups, using survey above-mentioned
The method of determining is measured.
In rubbish higher calorific value estimation step, measuring the non-plastic constituent content R in the sampling rubbish of the factory is 40%,
Content of organics A is 50% in non-plastic component, and content of organics B is 20% in plastic fraction, rule of thumb formula HHV (rubbish
Rubbish)=[23.1 × R × A%+32.5 × (1-R) × B%] × 1000, measuring HHV (rubbish) is 8527.2KJ/Kg.
In rubbish Lower heat value estimation step, weight M1 is 50Kg before rubbish squeezes, and it is 45Kg that weight, which is M2, after squeezing,
According to W1=(M1-M2) * 100/M1+30 according to measure msw water content W1 be 40%, in conjunction with HHV (rubbish) and W1, according to public affairs
Formula LHV (rubbish)=HHV (rubbish) × (100-24.3 × W1%)/(100-0.19-W1%), obtaining LHV (rubbish) is
7743.3KJ/Kg。
In sludge calorific value determination step, sludge sample is taken more than at least three points first, after mud sample is mixed
Taking out the moisture content W2 that one spoon quantitatively enters halogen moisture teller measurement sludge is 45%, rule of thumb formula HHV
(sludge)=8200/ { 1+ [exp (W2+10)/8)] }+12000, unit K J/kg, measuring HHV (sludge) is 12008.5KJ/kg;
According to LHV (sludge)=HHV (sludge) * (1-W2/100) -2100*W2/100, measuring LHV (sludge) is 5659.7KJ/kg.
Finally, selecting sludge mixed-fuel burning proportion D is 0.5%, according to LHV (mixing)=[LHV (sludge) * D+LHV (rubbish) *
(100-D)]/100, measuring LHV (mixing) is 7639.1KJ/kg.
As the application of different zones, the characteristics of according to rubbish composition in region and sludge, corresponding constant setting can be with
It is adjusted, in order to estimate more accurate calorific value result.
According to above-mentioned calorific value data, control refuse burning system First air and Secondary Air with air quantity, garbage feeding speed,
Fire grate reciprocating speed, residing time in furnace.No longer need to according to caused by combustion process for example flue-gas temperature, exhaust gas volumn,
Several parameters such as wind-warm syndrome, oxygen content, furnace temperature infer refuse thermal value with carrying out hysteresis quality, avoid Combustion System passive and stagnant
Afterwards.It is particularly suitable for the garbage incinerating power plant of collaboration burning sludge, can quickly measure refuse thermal value and sludge according to this method
Calorific value, and according to sludge mixed-fuel burning proportion, quickly measurement enters and leaves the calorific value of furnace mixed material.To be conducive to garbage incinerating power plant
The operating condition that operations staff holds according to furnace material calorific value is entered in time and adjusts refuse burning system.
Comparative example
By taking the emerging environmentally friendly power plant in Chengdu ten thousand as an example, it can only be measured within 1.5 hours or so using embodiment 1 and enter and leave furnace mixing
Material calorific value is 7639.1KJ/Kg.Send same mud sample 1-2kg and rubbish sample 50-100kg outside third party detection again
Mechanism measures mixed material calorific value.The third-party institution carries out calorific value detection using oxygen bomb type calorimeter instrument, and measures
It needs to predict the methods of empirical model, physical component analysis prediction empirical model, elemental analysis prediction model with Industrial Analysis after complete
Refuse thermal value data are measured and calculate, by the calorific value data determined with above method to revise the measurement of oxygen bomb type calorimeter instrument
Calorific value data.Show that mixed material calorific value is to receiving report after entire mensuration program expends a couple of days from sample is sent
7278KJ/Kg.It is computed, is less than ± 5% with the mixed material calorific value error using the method for the present invention measurement.
The invention is not limited to specific embodiments above-mentioned.The present invention, which expands to, any in the present specification to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (10)
1. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in a kind of sludge-rubbish collaboration, which comprises the following steps:
1) rubbish higher calorific value is estimated;
2) msw water content is measured, estimates rubbish Lower heat value in conjunction with the resulting higher calorific value of step 1;
3) measurement moisture percentage in sewage sludge carries out the estimation of sludge higher calorific value, carries out sludge in conjunction with moisture percentage in sewage sludge and sludge higher calorific value
Lower heat value estimates side;
4) according to burning mixed mud ratio, sludge-garbage mixture heat is measured based on rubbish Lower heat value and sludge Lower heat value
Value.
2. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 1, non-plastic constituent content and plastic fraction content in rubbish is measured by refuse classification, further sorting measures
Content of organics in non-plastic component and plastic fraction, a high position for rubbish is measured based on the data obtained according to following empirical equation
Calorific value:
HHV (rubbish)=[E × R × A%+F × (1-R) × B%] × 1000, unit K J/kg,
Wherein: HHV (rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value,
Non-plastic component ratio in R-rubbish,
The percentage composition of organic matter in A-rubbish non-plastic component,
The organic matter percentage composition of plastic fraction in B-rubbish,
E- non-plastic component calorific value coefficient,
F- plastic fraction calorific value constant.
3. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 2, estimates the moisture content of rubbish, the higher calorific value data in conjunction with described in step 1 are measured according to following empirical equation
The Lower heat value of rubbish:
LHV (rubbish)=HHV (rubbish) × (100-H × W1%)/(100-I-W1%), unit K J/kg,
Wherein: HHV (rubbish)-rubbish higher calorific value,
LHV (rubbish)-rubbish Lower heat value,
W1%-msw water content,
H- moisture content calorific value loss coefficient,
I- moisture content calorific value correction factor.
4. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 3-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
State the estimating and measuring method of msw water content are as follows: sampling rubbish sample is placed on screen bed base, is squeezed about 10 minutes with iron plate,
The weight of the rubbish sample after squeezing is weighed, rule of thumb formula estimates the rubbish sample moisture content:
W1=(M1-M2) * 100/M1+30
Wherein, rubbish example weight before M1-squeezing,
Rubbish example weight after M2-squeezing,
W1%-msw water content.
5. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that adopt
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge is measured with halogen moisture teller.
6. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 5-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that dirty
The sampling of mud moisture content is sampled using multipoint mode, and multi-point sampling after mixing, then from mixed sample is taken out halogen
Sample needed for plain moisture teller.
7. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
State the estimating formula of sludge higher calorific value and Lower heat value are as follows:
HHV (sludge)=J/ 1+ [exp (W2+10)/8)] }+K, unit K J/kg,
Wherein: HHV (sludge)-sludge higher calorific value,
W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge,
J- sludge wet basis calorific value constant,
K- sludge dry base heat value constant;
LHV (sludge)=HHV (sludge) * (1-W2/100) -2100*W2/100;
Wherein: LHV (sludge)-sludge Lower heat value,
W2%-moisture percentage in sewage sludge.
8. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
State the empirical equation of sludge-garbage mixture heating-value determination are as follows:
LHV (mixing)=[LHV (sludge) * D+LHV (rubbish) * (100-D)]/100,
Wherein: D-garbage incinerating power plant burning mixed mud ratio %,
LHV (rubbish)-rubbish Lower heat value,
LHV (sludge)-sludge Lower heat value.
9. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 1-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that
It needs to prepare multi-point in the rubbish sample of furnace and samples 100kg altogether to be estimated, the 100kg rubbish sample of sampling be stirred mixed
Two parts are divided into after even, rubbish higher calorific value of a copy of it for step 1 is estimated, and the rubbish that another is used for step 2 is aqueous
Rubbish Lower heat value is estimated and then measured to rate.
10. mixed material heating-value determination method is burned in sludge according to claim 2-rubbish collaboration, which is characterized in that institute
Refuse classification is stated using artificial separation.
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