CN112326712A - Method for detecting heat productivity of sludge - Google Patents
Method for detecting heat productivity of sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN112326712A CN112326712A CN202011045263.6A CN202011045263A CN112326712A CN 112326712 A CN112326712 A CN 112326712A CN 202011045263 A CN202011045263 A CN 202011045263A CN 112326712 A CN112326712 A CN 112326712A
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the calorific value of sludge, which comprises the steps of dehydrating the sludge; respectively weighing benzoic acid and the dewatered sludge, and pressing into round slices to obtain benzoic acid slices and sludge slices; freezing the benzoic acid slice and the sludge slice at the temperature of-25 to-35 ℃; putting the frozen benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, enabling the benzoic acid slice to be parallel to the plane of the bottom of the crucible, clamping the periphery of the benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, and then putting the sludge slice above the benzoic acid slice; and placing an ignition wire between the benzoic acid sheet and the sludge sheet, placing the crucible in an oxygen bomb and oxygenating, and placing the oxygen bomb in a calorimeter after the oxygenation is finished to start detection to obtain the calorific value of the sludge. The invention can detect the sludge with lower heat value, so that the sludge is completely combusted, and no carbon black residue exists in the crucible; and the detection result is stable, and the average error and the standard deviation are small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a method for detecting sludge calorific capacity.
Background
Sludge is a product after sewage treatment, and is an extremely complex heterogeneous body consisting of organic debris, bacterial cells, inorganic particles, colloids and the like. The thermal power generating unit mixes and burns the sludge, can effectively utilize tail flue gas purification facilities and abundant thermoelectric resources of the thermal power generating unit, effectively realizes the recycling, reduction and harmless treatment of the sludge, helps the urban coal-fired power plant to transform into an urban waste treatment center, transforms and promotes the enterprise image, plays a social role and improves the operation condition. And the sludge mixed combustion is optimized in response to the sludge mixed combustion environmental protection policy. Because the sludge contains a large amount of water and organic substances, the most effective and thorough treatment mode is sludge drying incineration which is closely related to the heat value index of the sludge, the heat value determines whether self-sustaining combustion can be carried out subsequently or not and the consumption of auxiliary fuel, and has great influence on the continuous and stable operation and the operation economy of equipment. In fact, the difference of the heat values of the sludge in different areas is very large, the lowest heat value is only 2-3 MJ/kg, the highest heat value can exceed 15MJ/kg, and the difference of the heat values directly influences the incineration efficiency of the sludge. Therefore, the heat value of the sludge is detected to realize stable and economic operation of sludge incineration.
The prior method for detecting the calorific value of the sludge generally adopts a method for detecting the calorific value of coal. However, because the heat value of the sludge generated by the power plant is low, the heating value of the coal is detected by adopting a method for detecting the heating value of the coal, on one hand, the sludge can be burnt incompletely, and on the other hand, the stability of the detection result is poor. In addition to the above methods, the prior art has few detection reports on the calorific value of the sludge, so a method for detecting the calorific value of the sludge is needed at present, which can not only completely burn the sludge, but also improve the stability of the detection result.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for detecting the calorific value of sludge. The invention can detect the sludge with lower heat value, so that the sludge is completely combusted, and no carbon black residue exists in the crucible; and the detection result is stable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for detecting the calorific value of sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dehydrating the sludge;
(2) respectively weighing benzoic acid and the dewatered sludge, and pressing into round slices to obtain benzoic acid slices and sludge slices;
(3) freezing the benzoic acid slices and the sludge slices obtained in the step (2), wherein the freezing temperature is-25 to-35 ℃;
(4) putting the frozen benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, enabling the benzoic acid slice to be parallel to the plane of the bottom of the crucible, clamping the periphery of the benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, and then putting the sludge slice above the benzoic acid slice;
(5) and (3) placing an ignition wire between the benzoic acid sheet and the sludge sheet, placing the crucible in an oxygen bomb and oxygenating, placing the oxygen bomb in a calorimeter after the oxygenation is finished, and starting to detect, and calculating the calorific value of the sludge through computer software.
Preferably, in the step (1), the water content of the sludge after dehydration is 4-12%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the benzoic acid to the sludge is 1: 1; the mass of the sludge is 0.45-0.5 g.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the benzoic acid to the sludge is 2:1, the benzoic acid is divided into two equal parts by mass, and the two equal parts are tabletted to obtain the first benzoic acid slice and the second benzoic acid slice respectively.
Preferably, in the step (3), the freezing temperature is-30 ℃ and the freezing time is 12-24 h.
Preferably, in the step (4), the second benzoic acid sheet is placed at the bottom of the crucible and is parallel to the horizontal plane; then placing the first benzoic acid sheet on a second benzoic acid sheet; and finally, placing the sludge thin slice on a first benzoic acid thin slice.
More preferably, the ignition wire is arranged between the sludge sheet and the first benzoic acid sheet.
Preferably, in the step (5), the oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb is 2.8MPa, and the oxygenation time is 40 s-1 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the detection method adopted by the invention prevents the sludge from contacting the bottom of the crucible to cause incomplete combustion, and the sludge is pressed into a circular sheet, so that the sludge can be completely combusted, and the detection result is accurate.
(2) The sludge and the benzoic acid are frozen, so that the sludge thin sheet and the benzoic acid thin sheet become rigid, the benzoic acid thin sheet is not in contact with the bottom of the crucible, the benzoic acid can support the sludge to burn, and the stability of a detection result is controlled by controlling the freezing temperature.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background section, the existing sludge heat value detection method generally measures according to a coal heat value detection method, but because the sludge heat value of a power plant is low and the oxygen charging amount of an oxygen bomb is limited, the sludge is difficult to burn completely by adopting the coal heat value measurement method, and the heat value detection is inaccurate. The oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb is generally 2.6-3.0 MPa, and the oxygenation time is generally 20 s-1 min; the highest oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb does not exceed 3.2MPa generally, because the higher the pressure is, the higher the pressure at the moment of ignition is during the test is, explosion is easy to cause, and potential safety hazards are generated. Therefore, the oxygenation time is generally controlled to be about 40s, so that the oxygen quantity in the oxygen bomb is limited, the sludge with lower heat value is difficult to burn completely, even if standard coal or benzoic acid is added as a combustion improver, the sludge with low heat value is difficult to burn completely, carbon black is always left in a crucible after the combustion is finished, and the sludge is not carbonized completely. And because the human factors of operation are more, so the stability of detection is not good enough, and the difference of parallel detection is great.
Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide. The invention discloses a method for detecting the calorific value of sludge. Pressing benzoic acid and mud into circular thin slice respectively, putting benzoic acid thin slice and horizontal plane parallel into the crucible bottom, because the crucible bottom is circular or oval, so there is the certain distance between benzoic acid thin slice and the crucible bottom, put the mud thin slice again, can support the mud thin slice, do not fall into the crucible bottom when making its burning and cause the incomplete condition of burning, benzoic acid can also play combustion-supporting effect simultaneously, the faster more complete burning of help mud. Because the heat value of the benzoic acid is large, two benzoic acid slices can be added to avoid the situation that the benzoic acid is burnt out first, so as to support the sludge combustion. Because the density of the sludge is high, the sludge with the same mass is much thinner than the benzoic acid with the same mass after tabletting (under the condition that the area is basically the same), and even if the calorific value of the sludge is small, the thickness is extremely thin, and the complete combustion is easy. In order to enable the benzoic acid flakes and the sludge flakes to be placed parallel to the horizontal plane, the benzoic acid flakes are enabled to support the sludge flakes, and the two flakes are frozen before being placed into the crucible. After being frozen, the thin slice becomes rigid and has better supporting degree.
The inventor tests that the stability of the calorific value is greatly different due to different freezing temperatures. The inventors therefore tested the freezing temperature:
according to the method, a batch of sludge with the same water content is subjected to parallel tests according to different freezing temperatures, other test conditions are the same, each test is carried out for three times, and the obtained results are shown in table 1.
Description of the drawings: average error ═ 3 (| first detection-average | + | second detection-average | + | third detection-average |);
total standard deviation [ (first test-mean)2+ (second test-mean)2+ (third test-mean)2/3]1/2。
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the standard deviation and the average error of the measurement results were the smallest at the freezing temperature of-30 ℃, indicating that the stability of the measurement results was the best at the freezing temperature of-30 ℃. Therefore, the freezing temperature is preferably-30 ℃.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Description of the drawings: the sludge heat value is not the dry basis heat value of the sludge, and is the sludge heat value obtained by the heat value of oxygen bomb.
Example 1
(1) Dehydrating the sludge until the water content is 4%;
(2) respectively weighing 0.5g of benzoic acid and 0.5g of dewatered sludge in equal mass, and pressing into round slices to obtain a benzoic acid slice and a sludge slice;
(3) freezing the benzoic acid slices and the sludge slices obtained in the step (2), wherein the freezing temperature is-30 ℃; the freezing time was 24 h.
(4) Putting the frozen benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, enabling the benzoic acid slice to be parallel to the plane of the bottom of the crucible, clamping the periphery of the benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, and then putting the sludge slice above the benzoic acid slice;
(5) the ignition wire is arranged between the benzoic acid slice and the sludge slice, the crucible of the small wing is placed on the bracket, desalted water is added into the oxygen bomb, the elastic cover is screwed down to oxygenate, the oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb is 2.8MPa, and the oxygenation time is 40 s. And after the oxygenation is finished, placing the oxygen bomb in a calorimeter (model number is SDACM4000) to start detection, and calculating the heating value of the sludge through computer software.
Example 2
(1) Dehydrating the sludge until the water content is 10.8%;
(2) weighing 1.0g of benzoic acid and 0.5g of dewatered sludge respectively; dividing benzoic acid into two parts with equal mass, and tabletting to obtain a first benzoic acid sheet and a second benzoic acid sheet respectively. Pressing the sludge into a round slice;
(3) freezing the benzoic acid slices and the sludge slices obtained in the step (2), wherein the freezing temperature is-32 ℃; the freezing time was 14 h.
(4) Putting the frozen benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, enabling the benzoic acid slice to be parallel to the plane of the bottom of the crucible, clamping the periphery of the benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, and then putting the sludge slice above the benzoic acid slice;
(5) the ignition wire is arranged between the first benzoic acid slice and the sludge slice, the crucible of the small wing is placed on the bracket, desalted water is added into the oxygen bomb, the bomb cover is screwed down to oxygenate, the oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb is 3.0MPa, and the oxygenation time is 40 s. And after the oxygenation is finished, placing the oxygen bomb in a calorimeter (model number is SDACM4000) to start detection, and calculating the heating value of the sludge through computer software.
Comparative example 1
Putting a thin layer of compacted acid-washing asbestos wool at the bottom of a crucible, weighing 0.5g of benzoic acid and 0.5g of a sludge sample to be tested with the water content of 4%, putting the sludge and the benzoic acid on the acid-washing asbestos wool, binding ignition wires, putting the crucible on a bracket by a small wing, adding desalted water into an oxygen bomb, screwing a bomb cover, and oxygenating, wherein the oxygenating pressure of the oxygen bomb is 2.8MPa, and the oxygenating time is 40 s-1 min. Slowly putting the bomb tube into a calorimeter (model number is SDACM4000), starting a test, and calculating the heating value of the sludge through computer software.
Comparative example 2
Putting a thin layer of compacted acid-washing asbestos wool at the bottom of a crucible, weighing 1.0g of benzoic acid and 0.5g of a sludge sample to be tested with the water content of 10.8%, putting the sludge and the benzoic acid on the acid-washing asbestos wool, binding ignition wires, putting the crucible on a bracket by a small wing, adding desalted water into an oxygen bomb, screwing a bomb cover, and oxygenating, wherein the oxygenating pressure of the oxygen bomb is 3.0-3.2 MPa, and the oxygenating time is 40 s-1 min. Slowly putting the bomb tube into a calorimeter (model number is SDACM4000), starting a test, and calculating the heating value of the sludge through computer software.
Test examples
The three effective values (i.e., no soot phenomenon in the crucible after completion of combustion) were measured in each of the test methods of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the results of the measurements were counted and the average error and standard deviation were calculated and shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Calorific value MJ/kg | Example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| For the first time | 4.701 | 3.001 | 4.712 | With carbon black |
| For the second time | 4.642 | 2.728 | With carbon black | With carbon black |
| The third time | 4.622 | 2.851 | With carbon black | 2.330 |
| Fourth step ofNext time | — | — | With carbon black | 3.147 |
| Fifth time | — | — | With carbon black | 2.746 |
| The sixth time | — | — | 4.422 | — |
| The seventh time | — | — | 4.516 | — |
| Mean value of | 4.655 | 2.860 | 4.550 | 2.941 |
| Mean error | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.34 |
| Standard deviation of | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.65 |
As shown in Table 2, the water content of example 1 was measured in the same manner as that of comparative example 1, except that the average error and standard deviation of the data obtained in example 1 were much smaller than those obtained in comparative example 1 after tabletting and freezing the benzoic acid and sludge in example 1 and three measurements were carried out, as well as those obtained in example 2 and comparative example 2. Therefore, the detection result obtained by the method is relatively stable.
Example 1 and example 2 were tested three times and no soot was generated in the crucible. While comparative example 1 tested for the presence of soot from the second to the fifth, the oxygenation pressure and time were adjusted to increase, and no soot was detected by the sixth. Comparative example 1 was tested seven times with three effective results. In contrast, in the comparative example 2, carbon black is generated in the first two tests, and no carbon black is generated when the oxygenation pressure and time are continuously increased to the third test, and the comparative example 2 tests five times to obtain three effective results. Therefore, the detection method can completely burn the sludge, reduce the invalid detection times and improve the detection efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The method for detecting the heating value of the sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) dehydrating the sludge;
(2) respectively weighing benzoic acid and the dewatered sludge, and pressing into round slices to obtain benzoic acid slices and sludge slices;
(3) freezing the benzoic acid slices and the sludge slices obtained in the step (2), wherein the freezing temperature is-25 to-35 ℃;
(4) putting the frozen benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, enabling the benzoic acid slice to be parallel to the plane of the bottom of the crucible, clamping the periphery of the benzoic acid slice at the bottom of the crucible, and then putting the sludge slice above the benzoic acid slice;
(5) and placing an ignition wire between the benzoic acid sheet and the sludge sheet, placing the crucible in an oxygen bomb and oxygenating, and placing the oxygen bomb in a calorimeter after the oxygenation is finished to start detection to obtain the calorific value of the sludge.
2. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the sludge after dehydration is 4-12%.
3. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the benzoic acid to the sludge is 1: 1; the mass of the sludge is 0.45-0.5 g.
4. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the benzoic acid to the sludge is 2:1, the benzoic acid is divided into two equal parts by mass, and the two equal parts are tabletted to obtain the first benzoic acid sheet and the second benzoic acid sheet.
5. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the freezing temperature is-30 ℃ and the freezing time is 12-24 hours.
6. The detection method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the second benzoic acid sheet is placed at the bottom of the crucible and is parallel to the horizontal plane; then placing the first benzoic acid sheet on a second benzoic acid sheet; and finally, placing the sludge thin slice on a first benzoic acid thin slice.
7. The detection method according to claim 6, wherein the ignition wire is disposed between the sludge sheet and the first benzoic acid sheet.
8. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the oxygenation pressure of the oxygen bomb is 2.8MPa, and the oxygenation time is 40 s-1 min.
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