CN109771720A - A kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument - Google Patents
A kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN109771720A CN109771720A CN201910065129.3A CN201910065129A CN109771720A CN 109771720 A CN109771720 A CN 109771720A CN 201910065129 A CN201910065129 A CN 201910065129A CN 109771720 A CN109771720 A CN 109771720A
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- artificial kidney
- arantius
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument, comprising: the first filter device has arterial, duct of Arantius and the first filter membrane, and the dialyzate in arterial flows to duct of Arantius after the first membrane filtration;Second filter device is connect with first filter membrane, including the second filter membrane, return pipe and sewer pipe, and return pipe is connected to the back cavity formed on the inside of duct of Arantius and the second filter membrane, and sewer pipe is connected to the concentration sap cavity formed on the outside of the second filter membrane;Driving device, driving device are used to drive artery tube fluid to flow to duct of Arantius and the fluid in back cavity is driven to flow back to duct of Arantius;Display and controller, for controlling the miniature artificial kidney instrument and showing that it runs monitoring parameter.Structure of the invention is small and exquisite, is suitble to carrying, analog Normal Renal formation renal tubule hypertonic environment that discharge is concentrated in the nephrotoxin, and there is the new bio artificial kidney of glomerulus and renal tubule complex function simultaneously, form the miniature artificial kidney instrument that is miniaturized or can even be placed in patient body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of medical instrument technology, especially one kind to be used to treat chronic renal failure, multiple organ declines
Exhaust, the carrying of serious drug and toxic poisoning, can the miniature artificial kidney replacement therapy instrument of plant type.
Background technique
Miniature artificial kidney instrument is the equipment that one kind can be portable or merging is intracorporal, miniature, first by blood
In small molecule, middle molecule uremic toxicant and electrolyte be filled into first order container, then by have specific function
Nanotube films, by moisture, partially electrolyte, effective active composition, nutriment, microelement useful to human body etc. be to people
The beneficial ingredient of body, reabsorption blood back liquid construct the hypertonic environment for being similar to the renal tubule of normal human, will be to human body
Harmful substance excretes after concentration, and the liquid of discharge and the urine of human body are essentially identical, and there are two types of wipe-out modes:
(1) it when it is discharged to external, can be discharged in a plastic bag being pre-placed;(2) bladder can also be connected to by one
Pipe is exhausted directly to the bladder of human body, to reach the therapeutic device of blood purification.
Currently used artificial kidney alternate device (haemodialysis control unit) construction is as follows: by perfect bloody path control system
And waterway control system: (1) bloody path part includes: blood pump, heparin pump, vein pressure monitoring, transmembrane pressure monitoring, liquid level and bubble prison
Survey, choked flow folder etc.;(2) water route part includes: monitored conductivity, leakage blood monitoring, counter balance pocket, constant-temperature monitoring system, dialysis liquid stream
Measure monitoring system, dialysis liquid proportional compounding system, dialysate concentration regulating system, flushing and decontamination system etc..The accurate ultrafiltration of energy,
It effectively removes uremic toxins, maintain cylinder electrolyte and acid-base balance.It can allow dialysis patient maintenance therapy and extending life 20-
30 years, but the complication of patient is very serious and life quality is very poor.
Conventional haemodialysis equipment related patents have the following deficiencies: that (1) conventional hemodialysis treatment needs on every Wendesdays at present
It is secondary, four hours every time, dialysis treatment was carried out to hospital.Patient frequently enters special dialysis center and receives the high treatment of expense,
Not only tediously long but also painful process made patient can't bear the heavy load, and had seriously affected the normal life quality and Psychological Endurance of patient.(2)
Current haemodialysis control unit is huge, and weight cannot be carried in 90~120 kg or so.(3) the on-line monitoring system of hemo system
System and decontamination system are many and diverse, lack automatic feedback adjustment mechanism;Control unit is more, easy break-down.(4) must at huge water
The connection of reason system could carry out treatment work.Dialysis treatment needs 120~150 liters of liquid, it is wasting simultaneously,
Allow in patient body a large number of nutrients loss, serious patient are malnutritive.(5) dialyzer doughnut filtration membrane biocompatibility
It is poor with blood compatibility, cause patient immune function is low, the serious, calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder that continues Micro-inflammation state, renal osteodystrophy,
Impaired vascular function causes dialysis patient life quality poor, and complications and the death rate are very high, the medicine for Complication of dialysis treatment
Take also very high.(6) dialysis still is limited to the substitution of external detection of glomeruli filtration function now, in vitro to renal tubule physiological function
Substitution be still blank.(7) into the patient of dialysis state mostly after hemodialysis 3-5 months, residual renal function exhausts.
(8) device structure is complicated, and application program, monitoring system, decontamination system, application valve body, sensor etc. cause equipment too heavy,
It can not carry;(9) patent of invention also proposes to construct biology artificial kidney tubule auxiliary device using cellular system engineering
(RAD), the substitution effect for playing renal tubule physiological function primarily determines its part physiological function with renal tubule.But RAD's
Introducing is needed the series loop of haemodiafilter and RAD complicated composition, and structure is more complex, the artificial kidney tubule cell of cultivation
Time-to-live is limited, is unfavorable for " miniatureization " and et al. Ke of biology artificial kidney.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above-mentioned problems, provide a kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument, the technical solution of use are as follows:
A kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument, comprising:
First filter device, first filter device include arterial, duct of Arantius and the first filter membrane, in the arterial
Dialyzate flow to the duct of Arantius after first membrane filtration;
Second filter device, second filter device is connect with first filter membrane, including the second filter membrane, return pipe
And sewer pipe, the return pipe are connected to the back cavity formed on the inside of the duct of Arantius and second filter membrane, the sewer pipe connects
Lead to the concentration sap cavity formed on the outside of second filter membrane;
Driving device, the driving device is for driving the artery tube fluid to flow to the duct of Arantius and driving institute
The fluid stated in back cavity flows back to the duct of Arantius;
Display and controller, for controlling the miniature artificial kidney instrument and showing that it runs monitoring parameter.
As currently preferred technical solution, first filter membrane is macromolecule filtration membrane, nanometer film or has special
The biomembrane of distinguished service energy, for be once separated by filtration forming flow to duct of Arantius first thoroughly dialyzate in the arterial
Analysis liquid and the filter liquor for flowing to second filter device;Second filter membrane is concentration film, for carrying out to the filter liquor
Secondary filter.
Further, first filter device and the disassembly of the second filter device are mounted on the miniature artificial kidney instrument
Form the consumptive material part of the miniature artificial kidney instrument.
Further, the driving device is miniature peristaltic pump.
Further, the miniature peristaltic pump is bipolar or monopole miniature peristaltic pump, is set to arterial and return pipe
On, for driving nutrient solution flowing in the flowing of dialyzate described in arterial and return pipe.
It further, further include monitoring sensor group for detecting the first of dialyzate parameter, first monitoring passes
Sensor group be arranged on the duct of Arantius, including change biosensor, air detecting sensors, rupture of membranes leakage blood monitoring sensor and
Solute concentration variation monitoring sensor.
Further, further include monitoring with feedback regulator and the second monitoring for detecting human body vital sign parameter
Sensor group, it is described second monitoring sensor group include the first condition sensor and the second condition sensor, for detect heart rate,
The physical sign parameters such as breathing, blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, interstitial fluid body water content;The monitoring and feedback regulator are according to described the
The detection information of two monitoring sensor groups carries out feedback regulation control to the driving device.
Further, the second monitoring sensor group and the monitoring and the wired or wireless connection of feedback regulator.
Further, the sewer pipe is equipped with check valve and micro transfer tube, and the sewer pipe is connected directly to people
Body bladder or be connected to one can collect the intracavitary concentrate of the concentrate except liquid bag.
Further, the arterial, duct of Arantius and sewer pipe are equipped with the pipeline that can prevent bacterium from invading and quickly connect
Mouthful.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Miniature artificial kidney instrument compact structure of the invention, to be suitble to that carrying, analog Normal Renal forms renal tubule high
It seeps environment and discharge is concentrated in the nephrotoxin, and there is the new bio artificial kidney of glomerulus and renal tubule complex function simultaneously, formed
It is miniaturized or can even be placed to miniature artificial kidney instrument in patient body;It avoids being realized using displacement liquid pump to displacement liquid stream
The control of amount and displacement liquid measure avoids being avoided shutting down and changing liquid bag, made using gravity and pressure sensor and electronic equilibrium weighing device
Device structure is simplified, easy to operate, increases security reliability;Avoid complicated monitoring system, decontamination system, application valve body, biography
Sensor etc. causes equipment too heavy, can not carry;It avoids utilizing cellular system engineering building biology artificial kidney tubule auxiliary dress
Set the structurally and operationally complicated of (RAD), the renal tubular cell time-to-live of culture is short, renal tubule physiological function substitution effect when
Between it is short, be not achieved physiological function substitution effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Appended drawing reference: jugular vein 101, subclavian vein 102, femoral vein 103, Deep venou two-chamber set pipe 2, arterial end
201, vein end 202, miniature artificial kidney instrument 3, input adjusting and display screen 4, Blood Trace transfer tube 5, the micro transfer tube of nutrition
6, return pipe 7, the first filter device 81, arterial 811, duct of Arantius 812, the first filter membrane 813, the second filter device 82, second
Filter membrane 821, back cavity 822, concentration sap cavity 823, check valve 9, the micro transfer tube 10 of waste liquid, monitoring and feedback regulator 113, the
One condition sensor 111, the second condition sensor 112, monitoring and feedback regulator 113, remove liquid bag 13, control at sewer pipe 12
Valve 131.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, it is clear that described embodiment is only the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " on ", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to just
In description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with
Specific orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument 3, comprising: the first filter device 81, first filter device 81 include
Arterial 811, duct of Arantius 812 and the first filter membrane 813, the dialyzate in the arterial 811 are filtered through first filter membrane 813
After flow to the duct of Arantius 812;In the present embodiment, it is double that patient is pre-filled with the Deep venou containing arterial end 201 and vein end 202
Chamber sets pipe 2, and the arterial end 201 connects the arterial 811, and the vein end 202 connects the duct of Arantius 812, Ke Yili
Solution be Deep venou two-chamber set pipe 2 can be placed on jugular vein 101, subclavian vein 102, femoral vein 103 or its it is be suitable for
Place the place of Deep venou double lumen tube.
Second filter device 82, second filter device 82 is connect with first filter membrane 813, including the second filter membrane
821, return pipe 7 and sewer pipe 12, the return pipe 7, which is connected to, to be formed on the inside of the duct of Arantius 812 and second filter membrane 821
Back cavity 822, the sewer pipe 12 are connected to the concentration sap cavity 823 formed on the outside of second filter membrane 821;First in the present embodiment
Filter membrane 813 can be using one of macromolecule filtration membrane, nanometer film or biomembrane with specific function, and being used for will be described
Blood be once separated by filtration forming the dialysis blood for flowing to duct of Arantius 812 and flowing to described second and be filtered in arterial 811
The filter liquor of device 82;Second filter membrane 821 is using concentration film, for carrying out secondary filter to the filter liquor;Institute
State the first filter device 81 and the disassembly of the second filter device 82 be mounted on the miniature artificial kidney instrument 3 formed it is described miniature artificial
8 part of consumptive material of kidney instrument 3.
Driving device, including multiple bipolar or monopole miniature peristaltic pump, including be arranged in the arterial 811 for driving
The micro transfer tube of nutrition that nutrient solution reflux is driven in the return pipe 7 is arranged in the Blood Trace transfer tube 5 of dynamic blood flow
6 and it is arranged on sewer pipe 12 for controlling the micro transfer tube 10 of waste liquid of concentrate displacement size, is set on the sewer pipe 12
There is the check valve 9 for preventing concentrate from flowing back, the sewer pipe 12 is connected to one, and can to collect the concentrate intracavitary dense
Contracting liquid removes liquid bag 13.
Display and controller, for controlling the miniature artificial kidney instrument and showing that it runs monitoring parameter, including input
Adjusting and display screen 4.
Miniature artificial kidney instrument 3 is equipped with the first monitoring sensor group for detecting blood parameters, the first monitoring sensing
Device group is arranged on the duct of Arantius 812, including changes biosensor, air detecting sensors, rupture of membranes leakage blood and monitor sensor
With solute concentration variation monitoring sensor.
Miniature artificial kidney instrument 3 be equipped with monitoring with feedback regulator 113 and for detecting human body vital sign parameter second
Sensor group is monitored, the second monitoring sensor group includes the first condition sensor 111 and the second condition sensor 112;This
Monitoring is located on duct of Arantius 812 with feedback regulator 113 in embodiment, and the monitoring exists with feedback regulator 113 according to setting
The detection information of the second monitoring sensor group on human body corresponding position carries out feedback regulation control to the driving device.It is described
Second monitoring sensor group and the monitoring and the wired or wireless connection of feedback regulator.
In the present embodiment, the arterial 811, duct of Arantius 812 and sewer pipe 12 are equipped with the pipeline that can prevent bacterium from invading
Quick connector.
The miniature artificial kidney instrument 3 of the present embodiment is carried on waist either other positions being easy to carry about with one, and is adjusted by input
Section and display screen 4 set treatment and monitoring parameter, the installation of 8 part of consumptive material are connected on miniature artificial kidney instrument 3, by consumptive material 8
Arterial 811 and duct of Arantius 812 be connected to 202 piping connection of arterial end 201 and vein end that Deep venou two-chamber sets pipe 2
On mouth;By on consumptive material 8 arterial 811 and duct of Arantius 812 to be connected to monitoring on feedback regulator 113 corresponding
Side, convenient for being monitored in real time in therapeutic process;Return pipe 7 is connected at the micro transfer tube 6 of nutrition, sewer pipe 12 is connected to useless
At the micro transfer tube 10 of liquid, the first condition sensor 111, the second condition sensor 112 are connected to patient's corresponding data reading part
Position (such as chest and arm), convenient for monitoring data read, monitoring with feedback regulator 113 according to the first condition sensor 111,
The data feedback of second condition sensor, 112 real-time monitoring adjusts the running of each functional department.
After equipment installs and completes initialization self-test, automatic or manual starting operation, in the drive of Blood Trace transfer tube 5
Under dynamic, blood flows to the first filter device 81 through the arterial 811 of consumptive material 8 by the arterial end 201 that Deep venou two-chamber sets pipe 2,
Solute with a large amount of toxin and nutriment flows to the second filter membrane 821,821 selectivity of the second filter membrane by the first filter membrane 813
Separation nutriment, vitamin, electrolyte, amino acid etc., returned under the action of nutrition micro transfer tube 6 by return pipe 7
It flowing in 812 end blood of venous patient pipe, the blood flowed out from the first filter membrane 813 converges by duct of Arantius 812 with return pipe 7,
Monitoring and feedback regulator 113 are flowed through, the vein end 202 that final remittance Deep venou two-chamber sets pipe 2 flows to patient body's inner circumferential and answers
Begin persistent loop.
In the present embodiment, the connection of sewer pipe 12 one removes liquid bag 13, and the micro transfer tube 10 of waste liquid can be automatically adjusted through waste liquid
Pipe 12 is discharged to except the concentrate in liquid bag 13, and the check valve 9 on sewer pipe 12 can prevent concentrate from flowing back, and excludes liquid bag 13
When filling, the control valve 131 of lower section can be opened, mouth is discharged by hypertonic uremia waste liquid outlet.
It should be noted that the first condition sensor 111 and the second condition sensor 112 contain tissue in the present embodiment
Between liquid sensor, by the monitoring of two-stage interstitial fluid sensor, can with accurate measure interstitial fluid body state in patient body, and
The micro transfer tube 10 of waste liquid is adjusted with 113 intelligence of feedback regulator by monitoring and controls dehydrating amount, while can also be calculated and should be drunk
Water.One day enter amount and output can control at 2500~3500 milliliters, reaches human body and normally eats daily and discharge rate,
This is close to the physiological demand (1500~2500mL) of normal person, therefore when patient receives this treatment can be by normal diet and drink
Enter amount of liquid (2500~3500mL).Since treatments in 24 hours are the physiological demand of normal person with liquid demand, both
1500~3000mL, these corresponding amount of liquid can be drunk water supplement naturally by patient, be avoided in present dialysis treatment
The defect that patient drinks water must strictly be limited.
In the overall process entirely treated, the first condition sensor 111 and the second condition sensor 112 are by the number of real-time monitoring
According to monitoring and feedback regulator 113 is transferred to, controls and adjust according to this Blood Trace transfer tube 5, the micro transfer tube 6 of nutrition and give up
The coordinate operation of the micro transfer tube 10 of liquid, therapeutic state needed for being finally reached patient.First condition sensor 111 and the second body
Levying the physical sign parameters that sensor 112 monitors includes blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, pulse, body temperature, interstitial fluid body changes of contents etc.
Then monitoring can be passed to micro- by being attached to the sensor collection signal at the corresponding position of body by remote sensing wireless transmission function
Type machine control section, plays the role of monitoring and feedback regulation.It can be understood that it can also be by line transmission, but inventor passes through
Experimental study is crossed to show by being wirelessly transferred more preferably.By to blood pressure, heart rate, the accurate monitoring of interstitial fluid changes of contents
And feedback regulation, achieve the purpose that accurately to be dehydrated.To being arranged on the duct of Arantius 812 of 202 blood recovery of vein end in therapeutic process
Micromation leakage blood and sensor for monitoring air be monitored, once discovery has bubble or leakage blood, stop related micro drive at once
Dynamic pump and alarm, to prevent air from entering or leakage blood.
Consumptive material 8 uses replaceable structure in the present embodiment, and the purpose of this structure is primary for the ease of replacement in 24 hours
Consumptive material 8, or can be replaced at any time when consumptive material 8 blocks.If the biological filter for permanently preventing obstruction can be developed
Material is crossed, then the first filter device 81 and the second filter device 82 can not have to replace for a long time, in implantable.
The 3 transducer potector part of miniature artificial kidney instrument of the present embodiment is short, and the liquid physiological of feedback is strong, so to anti-coagulants
Demand in and it is few, by oral anticoagulant, subcutaneously disposably inject long-acting anti-coagulants or in miniature disposable biomembrane material
In it is pre- permit required anti-coagulants, can reach anticoagulant effect.
The present invention utilizes the function of concentration and dilution principle of human kidney, patient is normal, contain abundant vitamin, electrolysis
The useful part liquid reabsorption body of matter and nutriment passes through in the defeated blood for returning to patient of the second filter membrane 821, therefore avoids
It can reach the lasting purpose for removing toxin because treatment mode is to continue slow process using a large amount of concentration AB liquid, avoid
Existing blood purification instrument, extracts a large amount of solutes out in a short time, be easy to cause unbalanced syndrome;Electrolyte in patient body
Concentration and uremic toxins can be tested by blood drawing, or monitor concentration variation by special sensor.
The miniature artificial kidney instrument of above-described embodiment, also may be coupled to the abdomen that patient is pre-filled with and manages thoroughly, carry out efficient
Peritoneal dialysis treatment, can obviously improve the quality of peritoneal dialysis treatment, and reabsorption is overcome using the peritoneal dialysis liquid of the physiological of itself
The defect that existing peritoneal dialysis treatment amount of liquid wretched insufficiency, nutriment are largely lost, while avoiding largely using at present
Lactate peritoneal dialysis liquid, hence it is evident that improve the curative effect of peritoneal dialysis, improve the quality of life of patient, reduce complication, extend peritonaeum
Physiological function.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to fig. 2, as another embodiment of the present invention, sewer pipe 12 is implanted into the bladder for being communicated to patient, passes through intelligence
It is adjustable the micro transfer tube 10 of waste liquid and controls the amount of liquid for being drained into bladder.Patient is set to generate the urine as normal person,
It urinates, avoids present uraemic patients, throughout the year the defect of none drop urine discharge.
Only the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.This
Invention is not only limited to above embodiments, and specific structure is allowed to vary, in short, all guarantors in independent claims of the present invention
Made various change is within the scope of the invention in shield range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument, it is characterised in that: include:
First filter device, first filter device include arterial, duct of Arantius and the first filter membrane, saturating in the arterial
Analysis liquid flows to the duct of Arantius after first membrane filtration;
Second filter device, second filter device are connect with first filter membrane, including the second filter membrane, return pipe and useless
Liquid pipe, the return pipe are connected to the back cavity formed on the inside of the duct of Arantius and second filter membrane, and the sewer pipe is connected to institute
State the concentration sap cavity formed on the outside of the second filter membrane;
Driving device, the driving device is for driving the artery tube fluid to flow to the duct of Arantius and driving described time
Intracavitary fluid is flowed to flow back to the duct of Arantius;
Display and controller, for controlling the miniature artificial kidney instrument and showing that it runs monitoring parameter.
2. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first filter membrane be macromolecule filtration membrane,
Nanometer film or biomembrane with specific function, for carrying out once being separated by filtration to form stream dialyzate in the arterial
To duct of Arantius the first dialyzate and flow to the filter liquor of second filter device;Second filter membrane is concentration film, is used for
Secondary filter is carried out to the filter liquor.
3. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: first filter device and the second mistake
Filter device disassembly is mounted on the consumptive material part that the miniature artificial kidney instrument is formed on the miniature artificial kidney instrument.
4. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the driving device is miniature peristaltic pump.
5. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the miniature peristaltic pump is that bipolar or monopole is micro-
Type peristaltic pump, is set in arterial and return pipe, for driving nutrition in the flowing of dialyzate described in arterial and return pipe
Liquid stream is dynamic.
6. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: further include for detecting dialyzate parameter
One monitoring sensor group, the first monitoring sensor group are arranged on the duct of Arantius, including change biosensor, air inspection
Survey sensor, rupture of membranes leakage blood monitoring sensor and solute concentration variation monitoring sensor.
7. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: further include monitoring and feedback regulator and be used for
The second monitoring sensor group of human body vital sign parameter is detected, the second monitoring sensor group includes the first condition sensor
With the second condition sensor;It is described monitoring and feedback regulator according to it is described second monitoring sensor group detection information to described
Driving device carries out feedback regulation control.
8. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the second monitoring sensor group and the prison
Control and the wired or wireless connection of feedback regulator.
9. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the sewer pipe is equipped with check valve and micro
Transfer tube, the sewer pipe, which is connected directly to human bladder or is connected to one, can collect removing for the intracavitary concentrate of the concentrate
Liquid bag.
10. miniature artificial kidney instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the arterial, duct of Arantius and sewer pipe are set
There is the quick connector of pipeline that can prevent bacterium from invading.
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CN201910065129.3A CN109771720A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | A kind of miniature artificial kidney instrument |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2022222898A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | 上海花涯自动化科技有限公司 | Microdialysis system comprising flow feedback device |
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