CN109762581B

CN109762581B - Biomass energy thermal cracking device and biochar preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN109762581B
Application number: CN201910227806.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭炎辉; 郭梓健
Original assignee: Guangdong Jieguan Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Jieguan Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-25
Filing date: 2019-03-25
Publication date: 2024-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-25
Also published as: CN109762581A

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass energy thermal cracking device and a biochar preparation method. The raw material bin is used for installing biomass raw materials. The conveying heating device is used for receiving biomass raw materials of the raw material bin and conveying the biomass raw materials to the next station and comprises a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw materials. The biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle is used for receiving the products output by the carbonization reaction part and carrying out secondary cracking treatment on the products. The charcoal bin is used for receiving and storing biochar output by the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle. Compared with the traditional mode of directly stewing by a charcoal stewing furnace to obtain the biochar, the biomass energy thermal cracking device can carry out high-efficiency carbonization treatment on biomass raw materials to obtain the biochar.

Description

Biomass energy thermal cracking device and biochar preparation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, in particular to a biomass energy thermal cracking device and a biochar preparation method.

Background

Biochar (Biochar) is a solid product obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking of organic matters in an incomplete combustion or anoxic environment. And (3) in the high-temperature thermal cracking process of the organic matters (biomass raw materials) in the reaction kettle, obtaining biochar carbon powder, tar and non-condensable gas. The technical device in the aspect is mainly a traditional charcoal stewing stove. However, the carbonization time of the traditional technical device is longer, the biomass raw material used is limited, and the working efficiency for preparing the biochar is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a biomass energy thermal cracking device and a biochar preparation method, which can perform high-efficiency carbonization treatment on biomass raw materials to obtain biochar.

The technical scheme is as follows: a biomass energy thermal cracking device comprising: the raw material bin is used for accommodating biomass raw materials; the conveying heating device is used for receiving the biomass raw material of the raw material bin and conveying the biomass raw material to the next station and comprises a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw material; the biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle is used for receiving a product output by the carbonization reaction part and performing secondary cracking treatment on the product; and the charcoal bin is used for receiving and storing the biochar output by the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle.

When the biomass energy thermal cracking device works, biomass raw materials enter the conveying heating device, the conveying heating device conveys the biomass raw materials into the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle, meanwhile, the biomass raw materials are dehydrated in a dehydration reaction part of the conveying heating device, subjected to primary cracking treatment in a cracking reaction part and carbonized in a carbonization reaction part to obtain products including biochar, tar, non-condensable gas and the like, the products including the biochar, the tar, the non-condensable gas and the like enter the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle to be subjected to secondary cracking treatment, and the biochar output by the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle is collected by a carbon bin. Therefore, compared with the mode of directly stewing and heating by a traditional soil stewing charcoal furnace to obtain biochar, the biomass energy thermal cracking device can carry out high-efficiency carbonization treatment on biomass raw materials to obtain the biochar.

A method for preparing biochar, comprising the following steps:

Sequentially carrying out dehydration treatment, primary pyrolysis treatment and carbonization treatment on biomass raw materials;

Carrying out secondary cracking treatment on the carbonized product;

And collecting the biochar after the secondary cracking treatment.

The technical effect of the preparation method of the biochar is similar to that of a biomass energy thermal cracking device, and the biomass raw material can be carbonized with high efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass thermal cracking apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a material handling assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a material conveying assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first screw shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an arch breaking and feeding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pushing member and a second pushing member according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a material bin according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a material bin according to an embodiment of the invention in a closed state of a first pusher and a second pusher;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a material bin according to an embodiment of the invention when the first pushing member and the second pushing member are in an open state;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a conveying heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of a transport heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of a transport heating device according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a third screw shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the third helical shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an exploded view of a third screw shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an axial cross-sectional view of a third helical shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged schematic view at A of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged schematic view at B of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 20 is an exploded schematic view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a side view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 22 is an axial cross-sectional view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of an active axial flow sedimentation dust-removing tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of an active axial flow sedimentation dust-removing tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is an exploded view of one view of an active axial flow sedimentation dust tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is an exploded view of an active axial flow sedimentation dust column according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a biomass thermal cracking apparatus includes: raw material bin 10, conveying heating device 20, living beings oil gas phase transition reation kettle 30 and charcoal storehouse 40.

The raw material bin 10 is used for installing biomass raw materials. The conveying heating device 20 is configured to receive a biomass raw material in the raw material bin 10 and convey the biomass raw material to a next station, and the conveying heating device 20 includes a dehydration reaction portion, a cracking reaction portion, and a carbonization reaction portion that are sequentially disposed along a conveying direction of the biomass raw material. The biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle 30 is used for receiving the product output by the carbonization reaction part and performing secondary cracking treatment on the product. The charcoal bin 40 is used for receiving and storing biochar output by the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle 30.

When the biomass energy thermal cracking device works, biomass raw materials enter the conveying heating device 20, the conveying heating device 20 conveys the biomass raw materials into the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle 30, meanwhile, the biomass raw materials are dehydrated in a dehydration reaction part of the conveying heating device 20, subjected to primary cracking treatment in a cracking reaction part and carbonized in a carbonization reaction part to obtain products including biochar, tar, non-condensable gas and the like, the products including the biochar, the tar, the non-condensable gas and the like enter the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle 30 to be subjected to secondary cracking treatment, and the biochar output by the biomass oil-gas phase-change reaction kettle 30 is collected by the charcoal bin 40. Therefore, compared with the mode of directly stewing and heating by a traditional soil stewing charcoal furnace to obtain biochar, the biomass energy thermal cracking device can carry out high-efficiency carbonization treatment on biomass raw materials to obtain the biochar.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the biomass thermal cracking apparatus further includes a material conveying assembly 50 disposed between the raw material bin 10 and the conveying heating device 20. The raw material bin 10 comprises a first raw material bin and a second raw material bin. The material conveying assembly 50 includes a first conveying pipe 510, a first screw shaft 520, a first switching valve 530, and a second switching valve 540. The side wall of the first conveying pipe 510 is provided with a first feeding port 511 corresponding to the discharging port of the first raw material bin, a second feeding port 512 corresponding to the discharging port of the second raw material bin, and a discharging port 513 corresponding to the feeding port of the conveying heating device 20. The first screw shaft 520 is rotatably provided in the first conveying pipe 510. The first switch valve 530 is disposed at the first inlet 511, and the second switch valve 540 is disposed at the second inlet 512.

Thus, the first feeding port 511 and the second feeding port 512 of the first conveying pipe 510 can be respectively and correspondingly connected to the first raw material bin and the second raw material bin, when the first switch valve 530 is opened, the second switch valve 540 is closed, that is, when the first raw material bin conveys materials into the first conveying pipe 510, the second raw material bin can be subjected to feeding operation, and because the second switch valve 540 closes the second feeding port 512, the air tightness in the first conveying pipe 510 cannot be affected by the feeding operation of the second raw material bin; on the contrary, when the first switch valve 530 is closed, the second switch valve 540 is opened, that is, the first raw material bin is fed when no material is present in the first raw material bin, and the second raw material bin correspondingly conveys the material into the first conveying pipe 510, and because the first switch valve 530 closes the first feeding port 511, the air tightness in the first conveying pipe 510 is not affected by the feeding operation of the first raw material bin. Thus, the material conveying assembly 50 can realize continuous operation and has higher production efficiency while ensuring tightness.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and 4 again, the outlet 513 is located in the middle of the first conveying pipe 510, and the first inlet 511 and the second inlet 512 are located on two sides of the outlet 513 respectively. The first screw shaft 520 includes a first screw section 521 corresponding to the first inlet 511 and a second screw section 522 corresponding to the second inlet 512. The first spiral section 521 spirals in a direction opposite to the second spiral section 522. Thus, when the motor drives the first screw shaft 520 to rotate towards one direction, the first screw section 521 pushes the material at the first inlet 511 to the outlet 513, or the second screw section 522 pushes the material at the second inlet 512 to the outlet 513. The motor only needs unidirectional rotation, in addition, the first raw material bin and the second raw material bin which correspond to the first feeding hole 511 and the second feeding hole 512 respectively are located at two sides of the discharging hole 513 respectively, and the first raw material bin and the second raw material bin are reasonably arranged and can be reasonably arranged in a limited space of a vehicle body.

Further, the number of the first feeding ports 511 is more than two, the number of the first switching valves 530 is more than two, the more than two first feeding ports 511 are arranged on the first conveying pipe 510 at intervals, and the more than two first switching valves 530 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the more than two first feeding ports 511.

The number of the second feeding ports 512 is more than two, the number of the second switching valves 540 is more than two, the more than two second feeding ports 512 are arranged on the first conveying pipe 510 at intervals, and the more than two second switching valves 540 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the more than two second feeding ports 512.

As such, the two or more first feed inlets 511 may correspond to the two or more first raw material bins, the first conveying pipe 510 may receive the two or more first raw material bins for feeding, and likewise, the two or more second feed inlets 512 may correspond to the two or more second raw material bins, the first conveying pipe 510 may receive the two or more second raw material bins for feeding, i.e., the first conveying pipe 510 may receive any one of the two or more first raw material bins and the two or more second raw material bins for feeding.

Further, the opening size of the first inlet 511 and the opening size of the second inlet 512 are not larger than the size of the outlet 513. Thus, no matter whether the material in the first feeding hole 511 or the second feeding hole 512 enters the first conveying pipe 510 and is pushed to the discharging hole 513 by the first screw shaft 520 in the first conveying pipe 510, the material will not block the discharging hole 513. Specifically, the first feeding port 511 and the second feeding port 512 are the same as the discharge port 513 in size, so that on one hand, the material sent out by the first raw material bin is guaranteed to be the same as the material sent out by the second raw material bin, and on the other hand, the material sent out by the first raw material bin or the second raw material bin is just the same as the material discharged by the discharge port 513 of the first conveying pipe 510 in size, so that the conveying of the material can be controlled conveniently.

Further, the material handling assembly 50 also includes a motor. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the first screw shaft 520. Thus, the motor drives the first screw shaft 520 to rotate, so that the degree of automation is high.

Still further, the material handling assembly 50 also includes a bearing member, a first seal member, and a second seal member. The bearing member is disposed at an end of the first conveying pipe 510, the output shaft of the motor is disposed on the bearing member, and the first sealing member and the second sealing member are disposed at two ends of the first conveying pipe 510 respectively. Thus, the first sealing member and the second sealing member can prevent external air from entering the first conveying pipe 510, and ensure tightness. The bearing member facilitates the rotation of the first screw shaft 520 driven by the output shaft of the motor.

In one embodiment, the first switch valve 530 and the second switch valve 540 are ball valves, the feed inlet 532 of the first switch valve 530 is communicated with the discharge outlet of the first raw material bin, and the discharge outlet 531 of the first switch valve 530 is communicated with the first feed inlet 511. The feed inlet 542 of the second switch valve 540 is communicated with the discharge outlet of the second raw material bin, and the discharge outlet 541 of the second switch valve 540 is communicated with the second feed inlet 512.

Referring to fig. 2, the first conveying pipe 510 may specifically include a first tee 514, a second tee 515, and a third tee 516. One of the main pipe interfaces 713 of the first tee 514 is connected to one of the main pipe interfaces 713 of the second tee 515, the other main pipe interface 713 of the first tee 514 is connected to one of the main pipe interfaces 713 of the third tee 516, and the branch pipe interface 713 of the first tee 514 is the discharge port 513. The branch pipe interface 713 of the second tee 515 is the first feeding port 511, and the branch pipe interface 713 of the third tee 516 is the second feeding port 512. That is, the three-way pipes are connected in series to obtain the first conveying pipe 510, so that the material selection is easy, and the first conveying pipe 510 with the first feeding port 511, the second feeding port 512 and the discharging port can be manufactured conveniently. In addition, since the main pipe of the first tee 514, the main pipe of the second tee 515, and the main pipe of the third tee 516 are connected in series to form one straight pipe, it is convenient to rotatably install the first screw shaft 520.

Further, three connectors 713 of the first tee 514, the second tee 515 and the third tee 516 are provided with flanges 517. The first three-way pipe 514 is connected and fixed with the second three-way pipe 515 and the third three-way pipe 516 through the two flange plates 517, so that the structure of the first conveying pipe 510 obtained by connecting the three is stable, and the tightness of the first conveying pipe 510 can be ensured. In addition, first tee 514, second tee 515, and third tee 516 may be fixedly coupled to other devices, such as a first material silo, a second material silo, a first seal, a second seal, a material output pipe, and the like. In addition, in order to enhance the sealing performance, a sealing ring may be disposed on the plate surface on the flange 517, so that when the two flange 517 are in butt joint, the sealing ring can perform a good sealing function.

When more than two material bins 10 are needed to feed into the first conveying pipe 510, that is, when the number of the first feeding openings 511 and the number of the second feeding openings 512 of the first conveying pipe 510 are more than two, further, the number of the second three-way pipes 515 is more than two, the main pipe interfaces 713 of the more than two second three-way pipes 515 are connected in series, and the number of the branch pipe interfaces 713 of the second three-way pipes 515 is more than two, that is, the number of the first feeding openings 511 is more than two, which respectively correspond to more than two first material bins. Similarly, the number of the third tee 516 is more than two, and the main pipe interfaces 713 of the more than two third tee 516 are connected in series, and the number of the branch pipe interfaces 713 of the third tee 516 is more than two, that is, the number of the second feed inlets 512 is more than two, which correspond to more than two second raw material bins respectively. Therefore, since the first conveying pipe 510 is formed by connecting the three-way pipes, when the first feeding port 511 or the second feeding port 512 is needed, the first conveying pipe 510 can be realized by connecting one of the first conveying pipe 510 in series with the second three-way pipe 515 or connecting the other end of the first conveying pipe 510 in series with the third three-way pipe. In addition, the flange 517 is disposed at the main pipe interface 713 of the second tee 515 and the third tee 516, so that the first inlet 511 and the second inlet 512 can be conveniently connected in series.

Further, after the materials are added into the first material bin and the second material bin, the vacuum pumping treatment is carried out through the vacuum pump, and the air is completely pumped out to avoid being brought into a subsequent reaction kettle, so that the materials are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis in the anaerobic environment in the subsequent biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle 30.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 5 to 9, the raw material bin 10 is provided with an arch breaking feeding assembly 60. The bottom side wall of the raw material bin 10 is provided with a first mounting port 11 and a second mounting port 12, the arch breaking feeding assembly 60 comprises a conveying cylinder 610, a second screw shaft 612, a first pushing piece 613 and a second pushing piece 614, one end of the conveying cylinder 610 is arranged at the first mounting port 11, the other end of the conveying cylinder 610 is arranged at the second mounting port 12, a window 611 is arranged on the side wall of the conveying cylinder 610, and the second screw shaft 612 is rotatably arranged in the conveying cylinder 610 and is used for conveying biomass raw materials in the conveying cylinder 610 to the conveying heating device 20; the first pushing member 613 and the second pushing member 614 are rotatably disposed at two sides of the window 611, respectively, and the first pushing member 613 and the second pushing member 614 can push materials into the window 611 during opposite rotation.

In this way, when the rat hole phenomenon is formed in the raw material bin 10, the first pushing member 613 and the second pushing member 614 are adopted to push the material above the first pushing member, so that the material falls into the window 611, and the material is output outwards through the conveying cylinder 610 in the rotation process of the screw shaft, so that the material in the raw material bin 10 can be smoothly sent out.

In one embodiment, the arch breaking feeding assembly 60 further comprises a first carrier 615 and a second carrier 616. The first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 are both connected to the side wall of the conveying cylinder 610, and the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 are respectively located at two sides of the window 611, and the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 are both used for guiding materials into the window 611. Specifically, the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 are disposed at an included angle, and the included angle between the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 is 90-160 degrees. In this way, the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 can guide the materials into the window 611, which is beneficial for the materials to be converged in the conveying cylinder 610 and conveyed outwards through the second screw shaft 612.

In one embodiment, the first pushing element 613 is a first wedge, the first carrier 615 is provided with a first opening 6151 corresponding to the radial surface 61311 of the first wedge, and the first wedge is rotatably disposed in the first opening 6151. The second pushing element 614 is a second wedge, the second carrier 616 is provided with a second opening 6161 corresponding to the radial surface 61411 of the second wedge, and the second wedge is rotatably disposed in the second opening 6161. Thus, the first driving element can drive the first wedge block to rotate under the first carrier 615, and the second driving element can drive the second wedge block to rotate under the second carrier 616, and the first wedge block and the second wedge block can correspondingly break arches of materials above the first carrier 615 and the second carrier 616 and smoothly guide the materials into the window 611 after the first wedge block and the second wedge block rotate upwards. In addition, in the process of being driven and lifted, the first wedge and the second wedge can respectively and always block the first opening 6151 and the second opening 6161, so that materials are prevented from falling below the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 through the first opening 6151 and the second opening 6161, and the materials enter the window 611.

Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the first pushing member 613 includes a first panel 6131, a first end panel 6132, a second end panel 6133, and a first arc panel 6134. The first carrier 615 is provided with a first opening 6151 corresponding to the first panel 6131, the first panel 6131 is rotatably disposed in the first opening 6151, two ends of the first panel 6131 are respectively connected with the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133, and the first panel 6131, the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are respectively connected with the first cambered surface plate 6134.

The second pushing member 614 includes a second panel 6141, a third panel 6142, a fourth panel 6143, and a second cambered surface panel 6144. The second carrier 616 is provided with a second opening 6161 corresponding to the second panel 6141, the second panel 6141 is rotatably disposed in the second opening 6161, two ends of the second panel 6141 are respectively connected with the third panel 6142 and the fourth panel 6143, and the second panel 6141, the third panel 6142 and the fourth panel 6143 are respectively connected with the second cambered surface plate 6144.

Further, referring to fig. 8, when the first pushing member 613 is in the closed state, the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are both used to abut against the bottom wall of the raw material bin 10, and the first panel 6131 is located in the first opening 6151. At this time, the upper surface of the first panel 6131 and the carrying surface of the first carrier 615 are in the same plane, which is equivalent to a guiding surface, so as to be beneficial to smoothly guiding the material into the window 611. On the other hand, when the first pushing member 613 is not used for arch breaking feeding, the first panel 6131 seals the first opening 6151, so that the first opening 6151 can be always sealed, and the material is prevented from falling below the first carrier 615 through the first opening 6151.

Similarly, when the second pushing member 614 is in the closed state, the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 are both used to abut against the bottom wall of the raw material bin 10, and the second panel 6141 is located in the second opening 6161. At this time, the upper surface of the second panel 6141 and the carrying surface of the second carrier 616 are in the same plane, which is equivalent to a guiding surface, so as to facilitate the smooth guiding of the material into the window 611. On the other hand, when the second pushing member 614 is not used for arch breaking feeding, the second panel 6141 seals the second opening 6161, so that the second opening 6161 can be always sealed, and the material is prevented from falling below the first carrier 615 through the second opening 6161.

Further, referring to fig. 5, 6 and 9, the first end plate 6132 and/or the second end plate 6133 are provided with a first limit rib 6135, and the first limit rib 6135 is configured to be in interference fit with the lower side surface of the first carrier 615. In this way, when the first pushing member 613 rotates and lifts, the first limit rib 6135 is in interference fit with the lower side surface of the first carrier 615, so that the first pushing member 613 is prevented from continuing to rotate and lift upwards, and the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are separated from the first opening 6151, so that the first opening 6151 can be always blocked in the process of rotating and breaking the arch of the first pushing member 613.

Likewise, the third end plate 6142 and/or the fourth end plate 6143 may be provided with a second spacing rib 6145, and the second spacing rib 6145 may be configured to be in interference fit with the underside of the second carrier 616. When the second pushing member 614 is lifted by rotating, the second limiting protrusion 6145 is in interference fit with the lower side surface of the second carrier 616, so that the second pushing member 614 is prevented from continuously rotating upwards and lifting, and the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 are separated from the second opening 6161, and the second opening 6161 can be always blocked in the process of rotating and arch breaking of the second pushing member 614.

In one embodiment, the arch breaking feed assembly 60 further comprises a first drive link 617. One end of the first driving link 617 is rotatably connected to the first pushing member 613, and the other end of the first driving link 617 is configured to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and be connected to a driving mechanism. In this way, the driving mechanism is adopted to push the first driving link 617 to drive the first pushing member 613 to lift for arch breaking operation. Likewise, the arch breaking feed assembly 60 also includes a second drive link 618. One end of the second driving link 618 is rotatably connected to the second pushing member 614, and the other end of the second driving link 618 extends out of the raw material bin 10 and is connected to a driving mechanism. The second driving link 618 is pushed by the driving mechanism to drive the second pushing member 614 to lift for arch breaking operation.

Specifically, the driving mechanism may be a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, an oil cylinder or a screw driving mechanism.

Further, referring to fig. 6, the arch breaking feeding assembly 60 further includes a first cross bar 6191 and a second cross bar 6192. The first end plate 6132 is connected to the second end plate 6133 through a first cross bar 6191, and one end of the first drive link 617 is rotatably connected to the first cross bar 6191. The third end plate 6142 is connected to the fourth end plate 6143 by a second cross bar 6192, and one end of the second drive link 618 is rotatably connected to the second cross bar 6192. In this way, the first rail 6191 can enhance structural stability between the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133, on the one hand, and can facilitate rotatable connection of the first drive link 617, on the other hand. Similarly, the second cross bar 6192 can enhance structural stability between the third and fourth end plates 6142, 6143, on the one hand, and can facilitate rotatable connection of the second drive link 618, on the other hand.

In one embodiment, the outer edge of the first carrier 615 and the outer edge of the second carrier 616 are both used to contact the inner sidewall of the raw material bin 10. In this way, the material is guided into the window 611 as much as possible, and is prevented from falling from the intervals between the outer edge of the first carrier plate 615, the outer edge of the second carrier plate 616 and the inner side wall of the material bin 10 to be deposited on the bottom of the material bin 10.

Further, specifically, the top of the raw material bin 10 is provided with a feed port 13. And a feeding operation is performed to the inside of the raw material bin 10 through a feeding hole 13 at the top of the raw material bin 10. After the material falls into the conveying cylinder 610, the material is conveyed outward by rotation of the second screw shaft 612. Further, in order to facilitate connection of one end of the delivery cylinder 610 to the other material delivery assembly 50 (e.g., the first delivery tube 510) and delivery of material into the other material delivery assembly 50, and in order to facilitate installation of bearings, motors, etc. at the other end of the delivery cylinder 610, both ends of the delivery cylinder 610 are provided with first flanges 6193.

In one embodiment, the first and second drive links 617, 618 extend out of the material magazine 10 and are coupled to a drive mechanism for convenience. The bottom of the raw material bin 10 is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first driving connecting rod 617 penetrates through the first through hole to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and is connected with the driving mechanism, and the second driving connecting rod 618 penetrates through the second through hole to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and is connected with the driving mechanism.

Further, referring to fig. 7 to 9, two second flanges 14 are detachably connected at the first through hole, wherein one second flange 14 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the raw material bin 10, and a third through hole 141 adapted to the first driving link 617 is disposed in the middle of the other second flange 14. In this way, the first driving connecting rod 617 sequentially passes through the third through hole 141 and the first through hole to extend into the raw material bin 10, so that the sealing performance of the raw material bin 10 can be ensured, and meanwhile, the first driving connecting rod 617 is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

In addition, two third flanges 15 which are detachably connected are arranged at the second through holes, one third flange 15 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the raw material bin 10, and a fourth through hole 151 which is matched with the first driving connecting rod 617 is arranged in the middle of the other third flange 15. In this way, the second driving connecting rod 618 sequentially penetrates through the fourth through hole 151 and the second through hole to extend into the raw material bin 10, so that the sealing performance of the raw material bin 10 can be guaranteed, and meanwhile, the second driving connecting rod 618 is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 10 to 12, the conveying heating device 20 includes a second conveying pipe 210, a first induction coil 220, a second induction coil, and a third induction coil. The wall of the second conveying pipe 210 is sequentially provided with a first chamber 211, a second chamber and a third chamber along the conveying direction of the biomass raw material. The first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber are respectively and correspondingly positioned at the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part, and the first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber are all used for accommodating metal heat exchange media.

The first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are sequentially sleeved outside the second conveying pipe 210 and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber, the first induction coil 220 is used for heating and melting a metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber 211 when being electrified, the second induction coil is used for heating and melting a metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber when being electrified, and the third induction coil is used for heating and melting a metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber when being electrified. In this way, when the biomass raw material needs to be heated after entering the second conveying pipe 210, the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all electrified by utilizing the medium-frequency induction heating principle, so that the metal heat exchange medium heats and melts, and when the metal heat exchange medium is controlled to be in a solid-liquid coexisting state, for example, the heating temperature of the metal heat exchange medium is the melting point temperature of the metal heat exchange medium, so that the heating temperature of the metal heat exchange medium can be accurately controlled. In the process of conveying the material along the axial direction of the second conveying pipe 210, the heating temperatures are different when the material moves to different parts of the second conveying pipe 210, so that the dehydration reaction treatment, the cracking reaction treatment and the carbonization reaction treatment can be respectively and sequentially performed.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 11 and 12, the conveying heating device 20 further includes a thermal insulation layer 230. The heat insulation layer 230 is disposed outside the second conveying pipe 210, and the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all sleeved outside the heat insulation layer 230. The heat insulation layer 230 can avoid heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium from being transferred outwards as much as possible, and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, so that energy sources can be saved. Specifically, the heat-preserving insulating layer 230 is made of alumina, ceramic-like material, insulating, heat-insulating and high-temperature-resistant, and can ensure the product performance.

More specifically, referring to fig. 11 and 12, in order to make the heating temperatures of the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part different, the metal heat exchange medium in the chamber corresponding to the location is determined according to the heating temperatures required by the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part. Specifically, the dehydration reaction part performs dehydration reaction treatment on the material, and the corresponding temperature needs to be controlled below 100 ℃, so that gallium metal (with a melting point of 30 ℃ and a boiling point of 2204 ℃) can be filled in the first chamber 211, and the metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber 211 is melted and is in a solid-liquid coexisting state by controlling the working power of the first induction coil 220, and at this time, the environmental temperature of the material corresponding to the dehydration reaction part is controlled to be 30 ℃. The cracking reaction part carries out cracking reaction treatment on the materials, the corresponding temperature is controlled to be 100-350 ℃, bismuth metal (with the melting point of 271 ℃ and the boiling point of 1420 ℃) can be filled in the second chamber, and the metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber is melted and is in a solid-liquid coexisting state by controlling the working power of the second induction coil, so that the environmental temperature of the materials corresponding to the cracking reaction part is controlled to be 271 ℃. The carbonization reaction part carries out carbonization reaction on materials, the corresponding temperature is controlled to be 350-800 ℃, tin metal (with the melting point of 232 ℃ and the boiling point of 2690 ℃) can be filled in the third chamber, and the metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber is completely melted and heated to be 350-800 ℃ by controlling the working power of the third induction coil, so that the environmental temperature of the materials corresponding to the carbonization reaction part is controlled to be 350-800 ℃.

Further, referring to fig. 11 and 12, the second conveying pipe 210 includes a liner pipe 212 and an outer wall pipe 213. The outer wall tube 213 is sleeved outside the lining tube 212, and a space is provided between the inner side wall of the outer wall tube 213 and the outer side wall of the lining tube 212. And a first sealing ring 214, two spacing rings 216 and a second sealing ring 215 are sequentially arranged between the outer wall tube 213 and the lining tube 212 along the axial direction of the second conveying tube 210. The first sealing ring 214, the second sealing ring 215, the two spacers 216, the inner side wall of the outer wall tube 213, and the outer side wall of the lining tube 212 are combined to form a first chamber 211, a second chamber, and a third chamber.

Further, the first sealing ring 214, the two spacing rings 216, and the second sealing ring 215 are integrated with the outer wall tube 213 or the lining tube 212. Therefore, the sealing performance of the cavity can be enhanced, and the structure is more stable.

Further, the heat conductive capacity of the liner tube 212 is greater than the heat conductive capacity of the outer wall tube 213. In this way, the lining pipe 212 is beneficial to transferring the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium to the material, and the outer wall pipe 213 can avoid the outward loss of the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium as much as possible, so as to improve the heating effect on the material.

In one embodiment, the bushing 212 is made of red copper alloy (melting point 1083 ℃ C., thermal conductivity 297 w/mk) and is capable of rapidly transferring heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium to the material in the second pipe 210. In addition, the outer wall tube 213 is made of austenitic stainless steel (the melting point is 1200 ℃, the heat conductivity coefficient is 10 w/mk-30 w/mk), and is made of high-temperature alloy materials, corrosion-resistant, low in heat conductivity coefficient and slow in heat dissipation, and the outward loss of heat generated by a metal heat exchange medium can be avoided as much as possible, so that the heating effect on materials can be improved. Meanwhile, the outer wall tube 213 is made of non-magnetic materials, and the induction effect of the induction coil on the metal heat exchange medium is not affected.

In one embodiment, the outer wall tube 213 may also be selected from the group consisting of alloy cast iron (melting point 1200 ℃), superalloy material, corrosion resistant, and nonmagnetic material.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 12, a medium injection port 217 is disposed on the outer sidewall of the second conveying pipe 210 and is in communication with the first chamber 211, the second chamber, and the third chamber. In this way, the metal heat exchange medium is injected into the chamber through the medium injection port 217. In order to avoid the outflow of the metal heat exchange medium from the medium injection port 217, a blocking plate 218 is detachably installed at the medium injection port 217. As an alternative, the metal heat exchange medium may be injected into the chamber during the process of assembling the outer wall tube 213 with the bushing tube 212 to form the chamber, so that the medium injection port 217 corresponding to the chamber does not need to be formed in the outer wall tube 213.

In one embodiment, the delivery heating device 20 further includes a coil former 219. The coil former 219 is disposed outside the second conveying pipe 210, and the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all sleeved on the coil former 219. Thus, the induction coil is sleeved on the coil framework 219, and the stability is better.

Further, in order to better fix three induction coils and isolate adjacent induction coils from each other, a plurality of first clamping portions 2191 and a plurality of second clamping portions 2192 are correspondingly arranged on the coil framework 219, the plurality of first clamping portions 2191 are circumferentially arranged around the outer side wall of the coil framework 219 at intervals, the plurality of second clamping portions 2192 are circumferentially arranged around the outer side wall of the coil framework 219 at intervals, the end portions of the first induction coils 220 are arranged on the first clamping portions 2191, the two ends of the second induction coils are respectively arranged on the first clamping portions 2191 and the second clamping portions 2192, and the end portions of the third induction coils are arranged on the second clamping portions 2192. In addition, a limiting protrusion for preventing the induction coil from being separated from the second conveying pipe 210 is further provided on the bobbin 219. In this way, the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil, and the third induction coil can be stably mounted on the bobbin 219. Additionally, optionally, the bobbin 219 is embodied as phenolic resin. The phenolic resin has high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and good stability.

Still further, referring to fig. 11, the coil bobbin 219 includes a plurality of rings 2194 disposed at intervals, and a plurality of connecting rods 2195 connected to the plurality of rings 2194, and the plurality of connecting rods 2195 are disposed circumferentially around the plurality of rings 2194 at intervals. In this way, the coil bobbin 219 is simple in structure and material saving. Specifically, the collar 2194 and the link 2195 are integrated, and the structural stability is good.

In one embodiment, the heating phase change reactor further includes a third screw shaft 240. The third screw shaft 240 is rotatably disposed in the bushing 212, and when the third screw shaft 240 rotates, it is used to drive the biomass raw material to move from the dehydration reaction part to the carbonization reaction part, so that the biomass raw material can be transported from one end of the second transporting pipe 210 to the other end of the second transporting pipe 210. In the process of moving the material in the second conveying pipe 210, the material can be dehydrated, cracked and carbonized in sequence at different environmental temperatures when moving to different positions, and the dehydration, cracking and carbonization are sequentially connected with each other, so that the working efficiency is high.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 13 to 18, an end surface of the first end of the third screw shaft is provided with a receptacle 241 along the axial direction of the third screw shaft. The second end of the third screw shaft is configured to be connected to the power shaft, and the third screw shaft is configured to be rotatably disposed in the second conveying pipe 210. A heating tube 250 is disposed in the insertion hole 241, a first end cap 251 is disposed at an end of the heating tube 250, and the first end cap 251 is located outside the insertion hole 241 and is used for sealing fit with an end of the second conveying tube 210.

Because the jack 241 is arranged in the third screw shaft, and the heating pipe 250 is arranged in the jack 241, the heating pipe 250 transfers heat to the third screw shaft when heating, so that the third screw shaft can synchronously heat the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the material, and the material in the second conveying pipe 210 is heated from the inside to the outside of the second conveying pipe 210. In addition, the conveying heating device 20 heats the material in the second conveying pipe 210 not only by the heating pipe 250, but also by energizing the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil, the metal heat exchange medium synchronously generates heat, so that the material in the second conveying pipe 210 is heated from outside to inside. The conveying and heating device 20 has better heating effect on materials. In the process of conveying the material along the axial direction of the second conveying pipe 210, the heating temperatures are different when the material moves to different parts of the second conveying pipe 210, so that the dehydration reaction treatment, the cracking reaction treatment and the carbonization reaction treatment can be respectively and sequentially performed.

In addition, in the rotation process of the third screw shaft, the heating tube 250 does not rotate along with the third screw shaft, and the first end cap 251 of the heating tube 250 is indirectly or directly connected to the end of the second conveying tube 210, so that a better sealing effect can be ensured.

It will be appreciated that in order to fully install the heating tube 250 into the socket 241, the socket 241 has a length greater than the length of the heating tube 250. In order to heat the third screw shaft better and ensure the structural strength of the third screw shaft, the length of the insertion hole 241 is more than 2/3 of the length of the third screw shaft, and the rest of the third screw shaft is in a solid structure.

Further, referring to fig. 14 and 15, the conveying heating device 20 further includes a first bearing 260 sleeved on the first end of the third screw shaft, and a bearing seat 270 disposed between the first end cap 251 and the end of the second conveying pipe 210. The first bearing 260 is disposed on the bearing block 270, and the first end cap 251 is in sealing engagement with the end of the second delivery pipe 210 through the bearing block 270. Thus, when the third screw shaft is driven to rotate by the power rotating shaft, the third screw shaft is supported by the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270, so that the stability is better. In addition, the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270 are both located at the first ends of the second conveying pipe 210 and the third screw shaft, so that the disassembly and assembly operations are also convenient.

Specifically, referring to fig. 15 and 17, the bearing seat 270 includes a first sleeve 271, a second end cap 272, a third end cap 273, and a bearing housing 274. The first sleeve 271 is sleeved at the first end of the third screw shaft, one end of the first sleeve 271 is connected with the second end cover 272, and the other end of the first sleeve 271 is connected with the third end cover 273. The second end cap 272 is connected to the bearing housing 274, and the second end cap 272 is adapted to sealingly engage an end of the second delivery tube 210. The third end cap 273 is in sealing engagement with the first end cap 251. The first bearing 260 is rotatably disposed within the bearing housing 274.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 15 and 17, the delivery heating device 20 further includes a third seal 280. The third seal 280 is disposed between the inner sidewall of the first sleeve 271 and the outer sidewall of the first end of the third screw shaft. In this way, the third sealing member 280 can enhance sealing performance, and prevent external air from entering the second conveying pipe 210 through the gap between the bearing seat 270 and the third screw shaft, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw material in the second conveying pipe 210 can be heated in an anaerobic state.

Further, referring to fig. 15 and 17, the conveying heating device 20 further includes a shaft seal 290. The shaft seal 290 includes a second sleeve 291 and a fourth end cap 292. The second sleeve 291 is sleeved between the first sleeve 271 and the third screw shaft, and one end of the second sleeve 291 is connected to the fourth end cover 292. The fourth end cap 292 is positioned between the third end cap 273 and the first end cap 251, the third end cap 273 and the fourth end cap 292 are in sealing engagement. In this way, the shaft sealing member 290 can enhance the sealing performance, and prevent the external air from entering the second conveying pipe 210 through the gap between the bearing seat 270 and the third screw shaft, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw material in the second conveying pipe 210 can be heated in an anaerobic state.

Specifically, the third sealing member 280 is a sealing packing wound around the outer sidewall of the first end of the third screw shaft, the inner sidewall of the end of the first sleeve 271 away from the first end cap 251 is provided with a limit flange 2193, and the sealing packing is located between the limit flange 2193 and the other end of the second sleeve 291. Specifically, the third sealing member 280 is a sealing packing wound around the outer sidewall of the first end of the third screw shaft. In this way, in the assembly operation of the conveying heating device 20, the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270 may be first sleeved on the first end of the third screw shaft, then the sealing packing is sleeved between the outer sidewall of the third screw shaft and the inner sidewall of the first sleeve 271, then the second sleeve 291 of the shaft seal 290 is plugged into the first sleeve 271, and the heating tube 250 is inserted into the insertion hole 241 of the third screw shaft, and finally the first end cap 251, the third end cap 273 and the fourth end cap 292 are locked together by the connecting member such as the bolt. When the first end cover 251, the third end cover 273 and the fourth end cover 292 are locked together, the second sleeve 291 of the shaft seal 290 compresses the sealing packing, so that the sealing packing is completely filled in the gap between the first sleeve 271 and the outer side wall of the third screw shaft, and has better sealing performance. In addition, the assembly operation of the transport heating device 20 is convenient.

In one embodiment, the third seal 280 is a graphite packing in order to be able to function properly under high temperature conditions. The third screw shaft and the bearing housing 270 are both high temperature resistant elements.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 15 and 17, the conveying heating device 20 further includes a fourth tee 293 disposed between the end of the second conveying pipe 210 and the second end cover 272. The third spiral sleeve is sleeved in a straight tube of the fourth three-way tube 293, both ends of the straight tube of the fourth three-way tube 293 are connected with fifth end caps 294, one of the fifth end caps 294 is in sealing fit with the second end cap 272, and the other fifth end cap 294 is in sealing fit with the end portion of the second conveying tube 210. The fourth tee 293 facilitates the connection between the second delivery tube 210 and the bearing housing 270 and also ensures the sealing performance in the second delivery tube 210. In addition, the port of the fourth tee 293 perpendicular to the straight pipe is used as a material output end, and the third screw shaft is driven by the power rotating shaft to convey the material from one end of the second conveying pipe 210 into the straight pipe of the fourth tee 293 and output the material from the material output end.

In one embodiment, the first end cap 251, the second end cap 272, the third end cap 273, the fourth end cap 292, and the fifth end cap 294 are flange caps.

In one embodiment, the first sleeve 271, the second end cap 272, the third end cap 273 are of unitary construction with the bearing housing 274.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 16 and 18, the conveying heating device 20 further includes a second bearing 295. The second bearing 295 is disposed in the insertion hole 241, and the end of the heat pipe 250 is disposed on the second bearing 295. The heating tube 250 is an electric heating tube 250. Specifically, the heating tube 250 is a nichrome heating tube 250, which has good heating effect, high temperature resistance and long service life. The heat generating pipe 250 is supported by the second bearing 295, and the mounting stability of the heat generating pipe 250 is better.

In one embodiment, the biomass feedstock is processed in the dehydration reaction section, the pyrolysis reaction section, and the carbonization reaction section of the transport heating device 20 as follows:

The first stage: a dehydration stage (room temperature-100 ℃) in which the biomass raw material undergoes physical changes, mainly losing moisture;

The raw materials enter a second stage after dehydration: a main thermal cracking stage (100-380 ℃) in which biomass is heated and decomposed under the anoxic condition, various volatile matters are correspondingly separated out along with the continuous rise of the temperature, and most of mass loss of raw materials occurs, and the raw materials can not burn due to anoxic and cannot generate gas-phase flame although reaching a firing point;

after the raw materials are cracked, the raw materials enter a third stage: the decomposition of the charring stage (> 400 ℃) takes place very slowly in this stage, with a much smaller mass loss than in the second stage, which is usually a further cleavage of the C-C bonds and C-H bonds. As the deep volatile diffuses into the outer layer, biochar is eventually formed. As such, the biochar resulting from high temperature pyrolysis typically carries a significant amount of volatiles into the reaction vessel 310.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 19 to 22, the biomass oil-gas phase change reactor 30 includes a reaction vessel 310 and an electric heating rod 320. The side wall of the reaction vessel 310 is provided with a receiving cavity 311 extending downward from the top of the side wall to the bottom of the side wall. The number of the electric heating rods 320 is plural, and the plural electric heating rods 320 are circumferentially arranged in the accommodating cavity 311 at intervals around the center of the reaction vessel 310, and the accommodating cavity 311 is also used for injecting high-temperature molten salt.

In the process of receiving products (including biochar, tar and non-condensable gas) obtained through high-temperature thermal cracking in the reaction vessel 310, the plurality of electric heating rods 320 are controlled to synchronously heat and work, the high-temperature molten salt is heated and dissolved until boiling, the temperature is kept unchanged when the high-temperature molten salt is in a boiling state, for example, the boiling point of the selected high-temperature molten salt is 1250 ℃, the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is continuously heated, the pressure of the biochar is increased to generate a decomposition thermal effect, the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 can be increased to be not less than 1050 ℃, so that volatile matters (multicomponent gas) can downwards pass through a high-temperature region of the carbon layer, the tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation and dealkylation reactions, and the other free radical reactions enter a dust removal tower. Therefore, the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle 30 is simplified in structure, can be convenient to control cracking temperature, is high in heating efficiency, and can save energy consumption.

It should be noted that molten salt refers to a molten salt for short, generally refers to a molten liquid formed by melting salt substances, and is an ionic melt composed of cations and anions. Compared with common fused salt, the high-temperature fused salt has the characteristics of higher boiling point, better stability and better heat conductivity. In this embodiment, the high-temperature molten salt is a ternary mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt is 1250 ℃, and the electric heating rod 320 is used for continuously heating the high-temperature molten salt, so that the central temperature of the biochar in the reaction container 310 can be ensured to be raised to be not less than 1050 ℃. Specifically, the high-temperature molten salt is a ternary mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

In one embodiment, the electrical heating rod 320 is a nichrome electrical heating tube. Therefore, the high-temperature strength is higher than that of iron, chromium and aluminum, the structure is not easy to change, the plasticity is good, the repair is easy, the emissivity is high, the non-magnetism performance is high, the corrosion resistance is high, the service life is long, and the like.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 20 and 21, the biomass oil gas phase change reactor 30 further includes a heat insulation sleeve 330. The heat-insulating sleeve 330 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the reaction vessel 310. In this way, the heat-insulating sleeve 330 surrounds the outer sidewall of the reaction vessel 310, so that heat generated by the electric heating rod 320 in the heating process is prevented from being dissipated to the outside through the outer sidewall of the reaction vessel 310 as much as possible, and the gradual increase of the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is facilitated, i.e. the effects of saving energy and improving the heating efficiency are achieved.

Further, referring to fig. 20 and 21, a supporting ring 340 is wound around the bottom of the outer sidewall of the reaction vessel 310, and the bottom end of the heat insulation sleeve 330 is disposed on the supporting ring 340. Thus, the supporting ring 340 supports the heat insulation sleeve 330, and can ensure that the heat insulation sleeve 330 is stably sleeved on the outer side wall of the reaction vessel 310.

Further, referring to fig. 20 and 22, a feed port 312 is provided at the top of the reaction vessel 310, and a discharge port 313 is provided at the bottom of the reaction vessel 310. The side wall of the reaction vessel 310 includes a straight barrel section 314 and a funnel section 315 connected below the straight barrel section 314. The funnel section 315 is used to funnel the material to the outlet 313. The heat-insulating sleeve 330 is correspondingly fit and sleeved outside the outer side wall of the reaction vessel 310.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 22, the biomass oil gas phase change reactor 30 further includes a thermal insulation plate 350. The heat insulation plate 350 is laid on the top wall of the reaction vessel 310. In this way, the heat insulation board 350 can prevent the heat generated by the electric heating rod 320 during heating from being dissipated to the outside through the top wall of the reaction vessel 310, so that the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is increased gradually, i.e. the heating efficiency is improved.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 20 and 21, a plurality of the electric heating rods 320 are disposed in the accommodating cavity 311 at equal intervals. The top end of the side wall of the reaction vessel 310 is provided with a plurality of insertion openings 316 corresponding to the plurality of electric heating rods 320 one by one, and the power connection end of the electric heating rod 320 is arranged at the insertion opening 316. Therefore, on one hand, the electric heating rod 320 can be conveniently arranged in the accommodating cavity 311 of the reaction container 310, namely, the pipe end of the electric heating rod 320 directly penetrates through the insertion opening 316 to extend into the accommodating cavity 311, so that the power supply connecting end of the electric heating rod 320 is fixedly arranged at the insertion opening 316 and is connected with an external power supply, and the installation operation is convenient; on the other hand, the power supply connection end of the electric heating rod 320 is located at the insertion port 316, which is not adversely affected by the high temperature during heating, and which can be easily electrically connected to an external power supply.

In one embodiment, referring again to FIG. 22, the sidewall of the reaction vessel 310 includes an inner shell 317 and an outer shell 318. The outer shell 318 is sleeved outside the inner shell 317, the top end of the outer shell 318 and the bottom end of the outer shell 318 are in sealing fit with the outer side wall of the inner shell 317, and the outer shell 318 and the inner shell 317 are arranged at intervals to form the accommodating cavity 311. Specifically, the outer shell 318 and the inner shell 317 are stainless steel sleeves, which can withstand high temperatures and are not easily deformed by heat.

In one embodiment, a method of biomass oil gas phase change comprises the steps of:

electrifying the electric heating rod 320 to heat the high-temperature molten salt in the accommodating cavity 311, so that the temperature in the reaction container 310 is not less than 500 ℃; the reaction vessel 310 is preheated to not less than 500 ℃ in advance, then receives the biochar subjected to high-temperature thermal cracking, and continuously heats the biochar by the electric heating rod 320 to raise the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 31010 to not less than 1050 ℃, so that volatile matters (multi-component gas) can pass through the high-temperature region of the carbon layer downwards, tar is subjected to deep cracking at a higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products by bond-breaking dehydrogenation and dealkylation reactions, and the gaseous compounds and other products enter a dust removal tower.

Delivering the product after the high-temperature pyrolysis by the delivery heating device 20 into the reaction vessel 310; the electric heating rod 320 is continuously electrified to heat the biochar in the reaction vessel 310, and the high-temperature molten salt in the accommodating cavity 311 is in a boiling state, wherein the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt is not less than 1050 ℃.

In the above-mentioned method for phase transition of biomass oil gas, in the process of receiving biochar obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking in the reaction vessel 310, the plurality of electric heating rods 320 are controlled to heat and dissolve until boiling, the temperature is kept unchanged when the high-temperature molten salt is in boiling state, for example, the boiling point of the selected high-temperature molten salt is 1250 ℃, the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is continuously heated, the pressure of the biochar is increased to generate decomposition thermal effect, the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 can be increased to be not less than 1050 ℃, so that volatile matters (multicomponent gas) can pass through the high-temperature area of the carbon layer downwards, tar is deeply cracked at higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products into a dust removing tower through bond breaking dehydrogenation and dealkylation.

In one embodiment, the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is heated by continuously energizing the electric heating rod 320 so that the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to 1050-1200 ℃. When the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to 1050-1200 ℃, the secondary cracking temperature of the biochar is reached, tar is deeply cracked at the temperature, the compound with larger molecular mass is converted into the gaseous compound with smaller molecular mass and other products by bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and other free radical reactions, and the gaseous compound and other products enter a dust removal tower, and the effect of the phase change of biomass oil gas is better in the temperature range of 1050-1200 ℃. In addition, there is no need to continue to increase the temperature in the reaction vessel 310, thereby enabling significant energy savings. Specifically, the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt to be used may be 1250 ℃, 1220 ℃, 1280 ℃ or 1300 ℃ in order to control the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 to 1050 ℃ to 1200 ℃. Wherein, the high-temperature molten salt is specifically selected from ternary mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt can reach 1250 ℃. It is understood that the boiling points of the high-temperature molten salt are slightly different when the proportion of the barium chloride, the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are different, but the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt can be controlled to be more than 1200 ℃ by adjusting the proportion of the three.

Further, the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is heated by continuously energizing the electric heating rods 320, and the temperature of the central portion of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to be not less than 1050 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the biochar fed into the reaction vessel 310 by high-temperature thermal cracking, and controlling the heating power of each electric heating rod 320, for example, so that volatile matters (multicomponent gas) pass through the high-temperature region of the carbon layer downwards, tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products by bond-breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and other free radical reactions, and enter the dust removal tower.

Still further, the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is heated by continuously energizing the electric heating rods 320, and the temperature of the central portion of the char layer in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to be not less than 1100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the biochar fed into the reaction vessel 310 by high-temperature thermal cracking, and controlling the heating power of each electric heating rod 320, for example, so that volatile components (multicomponent gases) pass down through the high-temperature region of the char layer, tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products by bond-breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation, and other radical reactions, and enter the dust removal tower.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 23 to 28, the biomass thermal cracking apparatus further includes an active axial flow sedimentation dust removal tower 70 and a biochar conveying assembly 80. The active axial flow sedimentation dust-removing tower 70 comprises a tower body 71, fan blades 72 and a driving mechanism 73. The bottom of the tower body 71 is provided with an air inlet 711, the top of the tower body 71 is provided with an air outlet 712, and the fan blades 72 are rotatably arranged in the tower body 71 and positioned in the middle of the tower body 71; the power rotating shaft 731 of the driving mechanism 73 is connected to the fan blade 72, and the driving mechanism 73 drives the fan blade 72 to rotate to generate wind direction towards the bottom of the tower 71; the biochar conveying assembly 80 is provided with a third feeding hole 811, an exhaust hole 812 and a discharge hole 813, the discharge hole 313 of the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle 30 is communicated with the third feeding hole 811 of the biochar conveying assembly 80, the discharge hole 813 is communicated with the feeding hole 41 of the charcoal bin 40, and the exhaust hole 812 is communicated with the air inlet 711 of the tower body 71.

Introducing non-condensable gas into the tower body 71 through the gas inlet 711, and instantly expanding the volume when the non-condensable gas enters the tower body 71 so as to greatly reduce the flow rate, wherein part of large-particle carbon powder mixed in the non-condensable gas falls back to the bottom of the tower body 71 due to self weight and can be timely conveyed into the carbon bin 40 by the biochar conveying component 80 at the bottom of the tower body 71; in addition, when the non-condensable gas is introduced into the tower body 71 through the air inlet 711, the fan blades 72 are synchronously driven to rotate through the driving mechanism 73, centrifugal acting force towards the bottom of the tower body 71 is generated when the fan blades 72 rotate, which is equivalent to forming a curtain barrier in the middle part of the tower body 71, small particle carbon powder cannot pass through the curtain barrier and is centrifugally thrown to the side wall of the tower body 71 when striking the fan blades 72, and then falls to the bottom of the tower body 71 along with wind generated by the rotation of the fan blades 72, and can be timely conveyed into the carbon bin 40 by the conveying device at the bottom of the tower body 71; on the other hand, the rotation of the blades 72 reduces the flow rate of the non-condensable gas, so that the carbon powder falls back to the bottom of the tower 71 under the action of self gravity.

The carbon powder and the non-condensable gas obtained by pyrolysis are discharged into the biochar conveying component 80 through a discharge hole 313 of the reaction kettle, wherein the carbon powder is discharged into the carbon bin 40 through a discharge hole 813 of the biochar conveying component 80 under the conveying action of the biochar conveying component 80, and the non-condensable gas can only be discharged into the tower body 71 through an exhaust hole 812 of the biochar conveying component 80 due to the closed bin body structure of the carbon bin 40.

Generally, when the distance between the fan blade 72 and the air inlet 711 and the air outlet 712 is larger, the vertical drop is larger, and the settling effect of the carbon powder in the tower 71 is better.

Specifically, the fan blade 72 is rotatably disposed in the tower 71 and located at a half height position, a third height position, or a two-thirds height position of the tower 71.

In one embodiment, the distance between the fan blade 72 and the air inlet 711 is 60cm to 100cm. The distance between the fan blade 72 and the air outlet 712 is 60cm to 100cm. Thus, the settling effect of the non-condensable gas in the tower 71 is good, and the equipment volume and the manufacturing cost are increased without continuously increasing the height of the tower 71.

Generally, the rate of obtaining non-condensable gas by high temperature pyrolysis in the reaction kettle is 0.2 cubic meters per minute to 0.5 cubic meters per minute. I.e., the rate of non-condensable gas entering the column 71 is between 0.2 cubic meters per minute and 0.5 cubic meters per minute.

In one embodiment, the rotational speed of the fan blades 72 is controlled to be 2r/s to 20r/s. The outer edge of the fan blade 72 is in clearance or contact fit with the inner side wall of the tower 71, and the axial surface of the tower 71 is a circular surface. Thus, the fan blade 72 can play a good role in blocking carbon powder, the dust removal effect is good, and on the other hand, the rotating speed of the fan blade 72 is not too high to influence the outward discharge of non-condensable gas passing through. Specifically, the rotational speed of the fan blade 72 is controlled to be 5r/s to 8r/s. At this time, when the influence on the outward discharge rate of the non-condensable gas is not great, the carbon powder is well blocked, and the dust removal effect is good.

Wherein, the caliber of the inner side wall of the tower body 71 is specifically 15 cm-25 cm.

In addition, the power rotating shaft 731 of the driving mechanism 73 may be provided with three fan blades 72, four fan blades 72, five fan blades 72, six fan blades 72 or eight fan blades 72 at intervals, that is, when the power rotating shaft 731 rotates, the power rotating shaft 731 drives the plurality of fan blades 72 to synchronously rotate, so as to play a better role in blocking carbon powder.

In one embodiment, the drive mechanism 73 is a motor that is mounted on top of the tower 71. The power rotating shaft 731 penetrates through the top wall of the tower 71 and extends into the tower 71. Specifically, the top wall of the tower body 71 is provided with a connector 713 through which the power rotating shaft 731 passes, a first flange 6193 is arranged at the connector 713, and the motor is provided with a second flange 14 which is in fit connection with the first flange 6193.

Further, referring to fig. 25 and 26, a third bearing 74 is disposed in the tower 71. The third bearing 74 is connected to the inner side wall of the tower 71 by a connecting rod 75, and the end of the power rotating shaft 731 is rotatably disposed on the third bearing 74. In this way, the third bearing 74 supports the power shaft 731, so that the power shaft 731 can be more stably disposed in the tower 71. Specifically, to increase the stability of the third bearing 74, the third bearing 74 is connected to the inner side wall of the tower 71 by, for example, three links 75 arranged at intervals.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 25 and 26, the tower 71 includes a first sub-tower 714 and a second sub-tower 715 that are detachably connected. The first sub-tower 714 is disposed above the second sub-tower 715. The fan blade 72 is positioned within the first tower segment 714. Thus, when the inner side walls of the tower body 71 need to be cleaned, the first sub-tower 714 and the second sub-tower 715 can be disassembled, and then the inner side walls of the first sub-tower 714 and the second sub-tower 715 are cleaned relatively, so that the cleaning operation of the inner side walls of the first sub-tower 714 and the second sub-tower 715 is convenient and feasible. In addition, the carbon powder on the inner side wall of the second sub-tower 715 is more than that of the first tower 71, and the second sub-tower 715 is a main cleaning object, and the fan blades 72 are located in the first sub-tower 714, so that cleaning operation is conveniently performed on the second sub-tower 715. Specifically, the first tower separator 714 and the second tower separator 715 are connected to fourth flanges 716, and after the two fourth flanges 716 are connected, the connection between the first tower separator 714 and the second tower separator 715 can be achieved.

In one embodiment, the biochar transporting assembly 80 includes a third transporting pipe 81 and a fourth screw shaft 82. The fourth screw shaft 82 is rotatably provided in the third conveying pipe 81. The third feeding hole 811, the air outlet 812 and the discharge hole 813 are all arranged on the third conveying pipe 81, and the fourth screw shaft 82 is used for pushing the carbon powder at the third feeding hole 811 and the air outlet 812 to the discharge hole 813 when rotating; the third feed inlet 811 is located between the discharge outlet 813 and the exhaust outlet 812.

In this way, after the carbon powder is discharged into the carbon bin 40 through the discharge opening 813 of the biochar conveying assembly 80 under the conveying action of the biochar conveying assembly 80, the carbon powder is pushed to the discharge opening 813 under the rotation action of the screw shaft and enters the carbon bin 40. In addition, the carbon powder falling back to the bottom of the tower body 71 enters the third conveying pipe 81 through the exhaust port 812, and is also pushed to the discharge port 813 under the rotation action of the fourth screw shaft 82, so that the recovery treatment of the carbon powder is facilitated, and the carbon bin 40 is not required to be additionally added.

Further, the third inlet 811 is located between the discharge port 813 and the exhaust port 812. Because the third feed port 811 is located between the discharge port 813 and the exhaust port 812, the carbon powder falling into the third conveying pipe 81 from the reaction kettle is directly pushed to the discharge port 813 by the fourth screw shaft 82, and does not pass through the exhaust port 812, so that the recovery treatment of the carbon powder is facilitated.

Further, the two carbon bins 40 are respectively provided with a switch valve 42, the two carbon bins 40 are specifically provided with two discharge openings 813 of the third conveying pipe 81, and the two carbon bins 40 are correspondingly provided with the two discharge openings 813 one by one. The two carbon bins 40 can keep the inside of the reaction kettle and the third conveying pipe 81 isolated from the outside all the time by opening and closing the feed inlet 41 and the switch valve 42 at the discharge outlet. Specifically, when one of the bins 40 is filled with carbon powder, the on-off valve 42 at the feed port 41 of that bin 40 is closed, the on-off valve 42 at the discharge port of that bin 40 may be opened to perform the carbon powder discharge operation, while the on-off valve 42 at the feed port 41 of the other bin 40 is opened and the on-off valve 42 at the discharge port of the other bin 40 is closed.

In one embodiment, a method of preparing biochar includes the steps of:

step S100, sequentially carrying out dehydration treatment, primary cracking treatment and carbonization treatment on the biomass raw material;

step 200, performing secondary cracking treatment on the carbonized product;

And step S300, collecting the biochar subjected to the secondary cracking treatment.

Further, the step S100 specifically includes:

In one embodiment, in step S200, the temperature of the carbonized product in the secondary cracking process is controlled to be not less than 1050 ℃, so that volatile components (multi-component gas) can pass through the high temperature region of the carbon layer downwards, tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature, and compounds with larger molecular mass are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular mass and other products through bond-breaking dehydrogenation and dealkylation, and other free radical reactions enter the dedusting tower.

In one embodiment, the temperature in step S200 is controlled to 1050℃to 1200 ℃. Thus, the secondary cracking temperature of the biochar is reached, deep cracking of tar occurs at the temperature, the compound with larger molecular mass is converted into gaseous compound with smaller molecular mass and other products by bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and other free radical reactions, and the gaseous compound and other products enter a dust removal tower, and the effect of biomass oil-gas phase change is better within the temperature range of 1050-1200 ℃. In addition, there is no need to continue to increase the temperature in the reaction vessel 310, thereby enabling significant energy savings.

In one embodiment, in step S300, the biochar after the secondary pyrolysis treatment is cooled and then fed into the charcoal bin 40.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A biomass energy thermal cracking apparatus, comprising:

The raw material bin is used for accommodating biomass raw materials;

The conveying heating device is used for receiving the biomass raw material of the raw material bin and conveying the biomass raw material to the next station and comprises a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw material;

The biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle is used for receiving a product output by the carbonization reaction part and performing secondary cracking treatment on the product; and

The charcoal bin is used for receiving and storing biochar output by the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle;

Wherein the raw material bin is internally provided with an arch breaking feeding component, the side wall of the bottom of the raw material bin is provided with a first mounting port and a second mounting port, the arch breaking feeding component comprises a conveying cylinder, a second screw shaft, a first pushing piece and a second pushing piece, one end of the conveying cylinder is arranged at the first mounting port, the other end of the conveying cylinder is arranged at the second mounting port, a window is formed in the side wall of the conveying cylinder, and the second spiral shaft is rotatably arranged in the conveying cylinder and is used for conveying biomass raw materials in the conveying cylinder to the conveying heating device; the first pushing piece and the second pushing piece are respectively and rotatably arranged at two sides of the window, and materials can be pushed into the window in the process of opposite rotation of the first pushing piece and the second pushing piece;

The arch breaking feeding assembly further comprises a first carrier plate and a second carrier plate; the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are connected with the side wall of the conveying cylinder, and the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are respectively positioned at two sides of the window and are used for guiding materials into the window.

2. The biomass energy thermal cracking device according to claim 1, further comprising a material conveying assembly arranged between the material bin and the conveying heating device, wherein the material bin comprises a first material bin and a second material bin, the material conveying assembly comprises a first conveying pipe, a first screw shaft, a first switching valve and a second switching valve, a first feeding port corresponding to a discharging port of the first material bin, a second feeding port corresponding to a discharging port of the second material bin and a discharging port corresponding to a feeding port of the conveying heating device are arranged on the side wall of the first conveying pipe, and the first screw shaft is rotatably arranged in the first conveying pipe; the first switch valve is arranged at the first feeding port, and the second switch valve is arranged at the second feeding port.

3. The biomass energy thermal cracking device according to claim 1, wherein the first pushing member is a first wedge, the first carrier plate is provided with a first opening corresponding to a radial surface of the first wedge, and the first wedge is rotatably arranged in the first opening; the second pushing piece is a second wedge block, the second carrier plate is provided with a second opening corresponding to the radial surface of the second wedge block, and the second wedge block is rotatably arranged in the second opening.

4. The biomass energy thermal cracking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said transport heating apparatus comprises a second transport tube, a first induction coil, a second induction coil, and a third induction coil; a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber are sequentially arranged on the pipe wall of the second conveying pipe along the conveying direction of the biomass raw material, and the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are respectively and correspondingly positioned in the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part, and are used for accommodating metal heat exchange media;

the first induction coil, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are sequentially sleeved outside the second conveying pipe and are in one-to-one correspondence with the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber, the first induction coil is used for enabling metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber to heat and melt when being electrified, the second induction coil is used for enabling metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber to heat and melt when being electrified, and the third induction coil is used for enabling metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber to heat and melt when being electrified.

5. The biomass thermal cracking apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said transport heating apparatus further comprises a third screw shaft rotatably fitted in said second transport pipe, said third screw shaft being adapted to drive said biomass raw material to move from said dehydration reaction section to said carbonization reaction section when rotated.

6. The biomass energy thermal cracking apparatus according to claim 5, wherein an end face of the first end of the third screw shaft is provided with an insertion hole along an axial direction of the third screw shaft, a second end of the third screw shaft is connected to the power rotating shaft, and the third screw shaft is rotatably disposed in the second conveying pipe; the jack is internally provided with a heating tube, the end part of the heating tube is provided with a first end cover, and the first end cover is positioned outside the jack and is used for being in sealing fit with the end part of the second conveying tube.

7. The biomass energy thermal cracking device according to claim 1, wherein the biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle comprises a reaction container and an electric heating rod, and a containing cavity extending downwards from the top of the side wall to the bottom of the side wall is arranged on the side wall of the reaction container; the electric heating rods are arranged in a plurality, the electric heating rods are circumferentially arranged in the accommodating cavity at intervals around the center of the reaction container, and the accommodating cavity is also used for injecting high-temperature molten salt.

8. The biomass energy thermal cracking device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an active axial flow sedimentation dust removal tower and a biochar conveying assembly, wherein the active axial flow sedimentation dust removal tower comprises a tower body, fan blades and a driving mechanism, an air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, an air outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body, and the fan blades are rotatably arranged in the tower body and positioned in the middle of the tower body; the power rotating shaft of the driving mechanism is connected with the fan blades, and the driving mechanism drives the fan blades to rotate so that the wind direction generated by the rotation of the fan blades faces the bottom of the tower body; the biological charcoal conveying component is provided with a third feeding port, an exhaust port and a discharge port, the discharge port of the biomass oil gas phase change reaction kettle is communicated with the third feeding port of the biological charcoal conveying component, the discharge port is communicated with the feeding port of the charcoal bin, and the exhaust port is communicated with the air inlet of the tower body.

9. The biomass energy thermal cracking apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said biochar conveying assembly comprises a third conveying pipe and a fourth screw shaft rotatably disposed within said third conveying pipe; the third feeding port, the exhaust port and the discharge port are all arranged on the third conveying pipe, and the fourth screw shaft is used for pushing carbon powder at the third feeding port and the exhaust port to the discharge port when rotating; the third feeding port is positioned between the discharging port and the exhaust port.

10. A method for producing biochar using the biomass thermal cracking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

Carrying out secondary cracking treatment on the carbonized product;

And collecting the biochar after the secondary cracking treatment.