CN109752792B - Fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control. The method is characterized in that: the fiber end optical antenna mainly comprises a section of three-core optical fiber 1, one fiber end of the three-core optical fiber 1 is ground to form a fiber end conical frustum 2, and a one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 is deposited on the end face of the fiber end conical frustum 2 by adopting an atomic lithography technology; the three-core optical fiber 1 comprises a cladding 4, a central fiber core 5 and two eccentric cores 6, wherein the central fiber core 5 is positioned in the center of the cladding 4, and the two eccentric cores 6 are symmetrically distributed around the central fiber core 5; on one hand, a guided light wave 7 transmitted by a central fiber core 5 (or two eccentric cores 6) directly acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 (or after the total internal reflection of a fiber end cone 2), and an optical radiation field signal 8 is excited after the interaction of the two; on the other hand, the optical radiation field signal 8 acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 to form a signal light wave 9, and then the signal light wave is directly received by the central fiber core 5 or is received by the two eccentric cores 6 after being collected by the fiber end cone frustum 2. The invention can be used in the fields of photoelectric detection, sensing, heat conduction, solar cells, spectral analysis and the like.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control, which can be used in the fields of photoelectric detection, sensing, heat conduction, solar cells, spectral analysis and the like, and belongs to the technical field of nano optics.
(II) background of the invention
With the development of the times, the requirement for miniaturization of antenna size is continuously increased, leading to the introduction of the concept of microwave radio frequency antenna into the optical frequency band, and the generation of nano optical antenna composed of sub-wavelength elements. However, the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the structure of the antenna, and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is already as small as nanometer level in the visible light and near infrared light bands, so it is not easy to realize the application of the nanometer optical antenna, such as efficiently coupling the optical wave into the nanometer level device. In addition, the design of the antenna is also greatly limited due to the existence of diffraction limit. The advent of nano-optical antennas solved this diffraction limit problem. When a light wave is incident on the surface of an object, in addition to the refraction, reflection and diffraction phenomena of the light, a portion of the light wave, called an "evanescent wave", propagates along the surface of the object. Evanescent waves contain more limitations than other modes of propagation, making them impossible for conventional lenses to capture. By capturing the signal of the evanescent wave, the limit of diffraction limit can be broken through, so that the nano optical antenna can realize super-diffraction limit imaging. For example, metal nanoparticles have the property of localized surface plasmon resonance in the optical band, so that they can break through the diffraction limit and realize optical field manipulation in the nanoscale range, and thus these metal nanostructures can be used as nano optical antennas.
There have been many research reports on preparing metal nanostructures on the end face of optical fiber and realizing the function of sensor. Since the optical fiber itself has physical characteristics of thin core, long body, etc., it is a great challenge to the manufacturing process to use the end face of the optical fiber as a substrate for supporting the metal photonic structure. In 2012, Yang et al prepared a silver nanorod array structure with a period of 317nm and a nanorod diameter of 160nm on the end face of a multimode optical fiber with a core diameter of 50 μm by using a method of interference lithography combined with electron beam evaporation (Opt. express,2012,20(22): 24189-24826); in 2015, a 3D-type radar structured SERS sensor (adv. Opt. Mater.,2015,3(9):1232-1239) is prepared on the end face of an optical fiber by combining two-photon lithography with a vacuum evaporation and ultraviolet pulse laser radiation method by Xie and the like. The methods provide a technical approach with important reference value for preparing the optical antenna at the end of the optical fiber.
The invention discloses a fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control and a preparation method thereof, which can be used in the fields of photoelectric detection, sensing, heat conduction, solar cells, spectral analysis and the like, in order to expand the functions and the realization method of a fiber end optical antenna device. Compared with the prior art, the method generates the strong-focusing fiber end interference optical field at the fiber end through the fiber end micromachining technology, and on one hand, the fiber end metal optical antenna can be prepared by means of the interference optical field to control the metal atom gas. The fiber end optical antenna is excited by the optical fiber waveguide optical field, and further excites a plasma wave capable of enhancing the interaction of light and substances, so that the detection sensitivity can be greatly improved; on the other hand, the strong focusing interference optical field generated at the optical fiber end has the function of optical tweezers and can be used for capturing and locally controlling micro-nano particles (or molecular groups) to be detected. The method solves the two problems of the optical antenna preparation technology and the nano localization of the substance to be detected. In addition, the three-core structure can be used for optical excitation and light emission channels, and can also be used as a channel for detecting received backscattered or reflected signal light. The fiber end optical antenna serving as a special plasmon modification structure can directly or indirectly interact with light transmitted by an optical fiber waveguide, so that higher detection precision and sensitivity are realized, and the fiber end optical antenna has a wider application prospect.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the device mainly comprises a section of three-core optical fiber 1, wherein the fiber end of the optical fiber is ground to form a fiber end cone 2, and a one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 is deposited on the end face of the fiber end cone 2; here, the three-core optical fiber 1 includes a cladding 4, a central core 5, and two eccentric cores 6, the central core 5 being located at the center of the cladding 4, the two eccentric cores 6 being symmetrically distributed about the central core 5; on one hand, a conducting light wave 7 transmitted by the central fiber core 5 (or two eccentric cores 6) directly acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 (or after the light wave is totally internally reflected by the fiber end cone frustum 2), and the two interact to excite an optical radiation field signal 8; on the other hand, the optical radiation field signal 8 acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 to form a signal light wave 9, and then the signal light wave is directly received by the central fiber core 5 or is received by the two eccentric cores 6 after being collected by the fiber end cone frustum 2.
The working principle of the optical field interference convergence and metal atom deposition nanostructure of the fiber-end optical antenna based on metal atom gas manipulation will be described in detail below. Assuming that the core diameter of the three-core optical fiber is dcEccentricity of the side core is d1The diameter of the truncated cone-shaped fiber end is deThe opening angle (base angle) of the truncated cone is θ, as shown in fig. 2. When two core-shifting guided modes of the three-core optical fiber pass through the fiber end of the truncated coneThe working principle of light focusing in the structure is as follows: assuming an external medium refractive index nmLess than the core refractive index n1Therefore, when the opening angle θ of the circular truncated cone satisfies a certain condition, the guided mode of the multi-waveguide structure fiber will be at the interface between the cladding and the external medium (Z ═ c)1) Total Internal Reflection (TIR) occurs, forming a reflected light field; the reflected light wave is diffracted and transmitted in the circular table cladding layer to reach the circular table end face (Z ═ Z-2) Then, the diffracted wave is refracted at the fiber end to form a refraction field, and finally, after the diffracted wave is transmitted in an external medium for a certain distance, the diffracted wave is converged on a Z axis, and a strong focusing interference optical field is formed on a focusing plane (Z is 0) assuming that a converging point at the moment is an original point. In order to ensure that the light wave generates total internal reflection at the fiber end of the conical frustum of the multi-waveguide structure optical fiber, according to Snell law and simple angle relation, the opening angle theta of the frustum and the convergence angle of the emergent optical fiber
The following relationship needs to be satisfied:
θ＞θc＝arcsin(nm/n1) (1)
where theta iscThe critical angle of total reflection of the light wave incident on the interface of the circular truncated cone and the external medium is shown. From the above analysis, it is found that the light waves are converged twice when passing through the fiber end structure of the fiber frustum cone, so that the fiber end of the fiber frustum cone can be equivalent to an effective numerical aperture and an effective focal length respectively equal to NAeAnd feThe lens of (1). As can be seen from the above formula (2),
as can be seen from FIG. 2, in general, fe＞|Z2The focus of the focused light field is positioned outside the optical fiber end; and when the focal point is on the fiber end, the diameter d of the truncated cone-shaped fiber endeThe following relationship is required:
fig. 3(a) shows the interference optical field formed in the truncated cone fiber end structure of the three-core optical fiber. When equation (5) is satisfied, the fiber end face is located on the focal plane where light is focused, thereby forming a one-dimensional grating-like structured optical field as shown in fig. 3(b) and (c).
The principle of laser focused atomic deposition of nanostructures can be illustrated by a dipole model. In a non-uniform optical field, neutral atoms are induced by an alternating electric field of a light wave to form a dipole; the interaction of an atomic dipole with an optical field can be described by a conservation potential. If the laser intensity is low enough and the detuning of the laser frequency with respect to the atomic resonance frequency is large enough so that substantially no excited state of the atom is produced, a dipole of a two-level atom has a potential in the optical field of:
wherein the natural line width (unit: rad/s) of atomic transition is the detuning quantity (unit: rad/s) of optical wave frequency to atomic resonance frequency, I (x, y, z) is the light field intensity distribution in space, IsIs the saturation intensity associated with atomic transitions. If the optical wave frequency is below the atomic resonance frequency (< 0, referred to as "red detuning"), the potential energy U (x, y, z) < 0 of the atomic dipole, in optical forces
Under the action of (3), the atoms are accelerated to the direction of high laser intensity; conversely, if the optical wave frequency is above the atomic resonance frequency (> 0, referred to as "blue detuning"), the potential energy of the atomic dipole U (x, y, z) > 0, at optical forces FdThe atoms are accelerated in the direction of low light intensity. Therefore, in the periodic optical field shown in fig. 3(b) or (c), neutral atoms are stably trapped at the mechanical equilibrium point by the action of the transverse optical force, and atom stacking occurs at the trapping point. Under the action of periodic transverse optical force, neutral atoms are continuously accumulated to form a periodic grating structure, and under the ideal condition, the grating structure is related to the structural parameters of the shape of an interference field, and different interference fields can generate optical antennas with different periodic structures.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of a fiber-end optical antenna based on metal atom gas steering.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the working principle of light convergence interference at the fiber end of a three-core optical fiber cone frustum.
Fig. 3 is the transmission of light waves in a three-core fiber-cone-frustum fiber end: (a) two light field transmission diagrams emergent from the core shift; (b) the cross-sectional optical field distribution at the end of the truncated cone fiber (i.e., at Z ═ 0); (c) is an enlarged view of the diagram (b).
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of a three-core optical fiber.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of end grinding of a three-core optical fiber.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of a three-core optical fiber end optical antenna based on atomic lithography.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of fiber-end optical antennas based on metal atom gas steering.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises a section of three-core optical fiber 1, the fiber end of the optical fiber is ground to form a fiber end truncated cone 2, and a one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 is deposited on the end surface of the fiber end truncated cone 2; here, the three-core optical fiber 1 includes a cladding 4, a central core 5, and two eccentric cores 6, the central core 5 being located at the center of the cladding 4, the two eccentric cores 6 being symmetrically distributed about the central core 5; on one hand, a guided light wave 7 transmitted by a central fiber core 5 (or two eccentric cores 6) directly acts on a one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 at a fiber end (or after the guided light wave is totally internally reflected by a fiber end cone 2), and the guided light wave 7 and the fiber end excite an optical radiation field signal 8 after the guided light wave and the fiber end interact with each other; on the other hand, the optical radiation field signal 8 acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3 to form a signal light wave 9, and then the signal light wave is directly received by the central fiber core 5 or is received by the two eccentric cores 6 after being collected by the fiber end cone frustum 2.
The process for manufacturing the fiber-end optical antenna based on metal atom gas manipulation can be divided into the following three steps (see fig. 4-5):
And step 2, grinding the optical fiber end (see figure 5). Fixing the three-core optical fiber 1 by using an optical fiber clamp 14, then placing the fiber end on a grinding disc 15, wherein the optical fiber clamp 14 and the optical fiber grinding disc 15 are respectively connected with a direct current motor to drive the optical fiber clamp and the optical fiber grinding disc to rotate around respective central axes; the three-core optical fiber 1 and the normal line of the disc surface of the grinding disc 15 are kept to form a fixed included angle theta, and the fiber end conical table 2 with the opening angle theta can be ground through the autorotation of the optical fiber clamp 14 and the grinding disc 15.
And step 3, preparing the fiber end optical antenna (see fig. 6). The preparation of the fiber end optical antenna is realized by adopting an atomic lithography technology, the prepared three-core optical fiber cone frustum fiber end 2 is aligned to a nozzle of an atomic furnace 16, then laser is introduced into two eccentric cores 6 of the three-core optical fiber 1 to form two transmission light waves 7, after the two transmission light waves are totally internally reflected by the fiber end cone frustum 2, the two transmission light waves are converged at the end surface of the optical fiber to form a strong focusing interference optical field 17, when a neutral metal atom beam 18 ejected from the atomic furnace 16 is collimated and cooled by a laser beam 19 and then is ejected to the fiber end of the three-core optical fiber 1, the density distribution of the metal atom beam 18 is regulated and controlled under the action of a periodic optical force 20 of the strong focusing interference optical field 17 to form a periodic structure consistent with the intensity distribution of the optical field, so that the metal atoms are deposited in an optical field interference area of the optical fiber end to form the one-.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
and 2, inputting and outputting light waves. A single mode fiber 21 is welded to the other end of the three-core fiber (non-truncated cone fiber end), and multi-channel light input or single-channel light output is realized by thermally melting and tapering a tapered region 22 at the welding point, as shown in fig. 7.
And 3, exciting and collecting signals. The splitting ratio of the cone area 22 is controlled by the tapering parameters, so that light waves can be coupled into any fiber core of the three-core optical fiber 1, and then the conduction light waves 7 transmitted in the eccentric core 6 (or the central fiber core 5) act on the optical antenna 3 at the fiber end after passing through the fiber end cone frustum 2, and the excitation of the optical radiation field signal 8 is realized; and when the optical radiation field signal 8 acts on the one-dimensional periodic metal optical antenna 3, a signal light wave 9 is formed, and then the signal light wave is directly received by the central fiber core 5 or is received by the two eccentric cores 6 after being collected by the fiber end cone frustum 2. This achieves excitation and collection of the optical radiation field signal 8.
Claims (1)
1. Fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas is controlled, characterized by: the preparation method of the fiber end optical antenna based on metal atom gas control comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, a three-core optical fiber preform is manufactured by adopting a rod assembling method and is placed on an optical fiber drawing tower to be drawn to manufacture a three-core optical fiber; (2) taking a section of three-core optical fiber, fixing one end of the three-core optical fiber by using an optical fiber clamp, then placing the fiber end on an optical fiber grinding disc, wherein the optical fiber clamp and the optical fiber grinding disc can rotate around respective central axes, and preparing the conical fiber end with different opening angles by controlling the included angle between the three-core optical fiber and the normal line of the disc surface of the optical fiber grinding disc; (3) the preparation of the optical antenna with the truncated cone fiber end is realized by adopting an atomic lithography technology, the prepared three-core optical fiber truncated cone fiber end is aligned to a nozzle of an atomic furnace, then laser is introduced into two eccentric cores of the three-core optical fiber to form two beams of transmission light waves, the two transmission light waves are converged on the end surface of the optical fiber after being totally internally reflected by the truncated cone fiber end to form a strong focusing interference optical field, when a neutral metal atom beam ejected from the atomic furnace is irradiated to the end of the three-core optical fiber truncated cone fiber after being collimated and cooled by a laser beam, the density distribution of the neutral metal atom beam is regulated and controlled under the action of periodic optical force of the strong focusing interference optical field to form a periodic structure consistent with the intensity distribution of the optical field, so that the metal atoms are deposited in an optical field interference area at the end of the optical fiber to.
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Application publication date: 20190514 Assignee: Guilin Qixing District Fiber Optic New Technology Development Center Assignor: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980045912 Denomination of invention: Fiber optic antenna based on metal atom gas manipulation and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20210105 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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