AU2020102261A4 - A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers - Google Patents
A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020102261A4 AU2020102261A4 AU2020102261A AU2020102261A AU2020102261A4 AU 2020102261 A4 AU2020102261 A4 AU 2020102261A4 AU 2020102261 A AU2020102261 A AU 2020102261A AU 2020102261 A AU2020102261 A AU 2020102261A AU 2020102261 A4 AU2020102261 A4 AU 2020102261A4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q70/00—General aspects of SPM probes, their manufacture or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single SPM technique covered by group G01Q60/00
- G01Q70/08—Probe characteristics
- G01Q70/10—Shape or taper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03688—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 5 or more layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical
tweezers, characterized by the composition of a multi-core optical fiber dual trap optical
tweezers system and two dielectric microspheres with different diameter. Among them, the
multi-core fiber has circularly symmetric distributed peripheral cores and a center core, and the
fiber end with symmetrical truncated cone structure focuses the trapping beam transmitted in the
peripheral cores, forming dual optical tweezers along the axial of the fiber used to cascade and
trap microspheres of two diameters. The center core of the multi-core fiber transmits
short-wavelength photonic nano-jets illuminating light, the beam exits from the fiber end, then
illuminates the microspheres trapped by the cascade dual optical tweezers. After the two-stage
compression of the microspheres, the photonic nano-jets is generated. The invention can be used
for nano-resolution detection, and widely used in the field of super-resolution fluorescence
detection and imaging.
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Description
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A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers
[0001] The invention relates to a self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber
optical tweezers, which can be used to generate photonic nano-jets, break the diffraction limit,
and realize super-resolution optical illumination and detection, belonging to the technical field of
nanophotonics.
[0002] In the past few decades, people have been trying different methods to overcome the
limitations in optical microscopy due to the Abbe diffraction limit. Several super-resolution
optical imaging technologies, including scanning near-field optical microscopes, stimulated
emission loss microscopes, metamaterial hyper-lens microscopes, solid immersion lens
microscopes, and super-oscillation lens microscopes, have been successfully implemented.
Although they have good performance, they are expensive, long preparation time, and
complicated detection methods.
[0003] The photonic nano-jets technology based on microsphere lens is a technology in which a light beam is irradiated on a medium microsphere, and the light beam is compressed to a size smaller than the diffraction limit at one end of the microsphere. Since the beam waist diameter of the compressed spot is on the order of nanometers, it has a spatial resolution of the order of nanometers and has a high energy density. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in technical fields such as super-resolution imaging (KRIVITSKY, Leonid A., et al. Locomotion of microspheres for super-resolution imaging. Scientific reports, 2013, 3: 3501.), nano-fluorescence enhancement (LECLER, Sylvain, et al. Photonic jet driven non-linear optics: example of two-photon fluorescence enhancement by dielectric microspheres. Optics express, 2007, 15.8:
4935-4942.), and Raman scattering enhancement (US2013/0308127A1).
[0004] The type of optical nanojet technology usually uses micrometer-scale standard dielectric
spheres, for optical tweezers systems, this type of dielectric microspheres are just the size range
that can be stably trapped and manipulated. Therefore, combining the two technologies of optical
tweezers and optical nanojet can achieve more abundant application scenarios. For example,
using a spatial light modulator to realize holographic optical tweezers, and then by manipulating
and moving the particles to achieve 3D scanning of the particles, another beam of light
illuminates the small ball to generate an optical nanojet to achieve super-resolution microscopic
imaging (BOWMAN, Richard; GIBSON, Graham; PADGETT, Miles. Particle tracking
stereomicroscopy in optical tweezers: control of trap shape. Optics express, 2010, 18.11:
11785-11790.). In 2010, Romanin Fardel and others used the combination of optical tweezers
and optical nanojet technology to achieve super-resolution nano-etching processing (FARDEL,
Romain, et al. Nanoscale ablation through optically trapped microspheres. Applied Physics A,
2010, 101.1: 41-46.).
[0005] However, the aforementioned optical tweezers and optical nanojet technology combined
systems are all based on the spatial optical tweezers system. The spatial optical tweezers system
uses a lot of precise optical devices, the structure is complex, the optical path is relatively large,
and the cost is high. The present invention proposes a super-resolution optical probe based on
fiber optical tweezers. It has extremely high operational flexibility, and the cost of the optical fiber optical tweezers system is much lower than that of the spatial optical tweezers system.
[0006] The purpose of the invention is to provide a self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers and convenient to operate.
[0007] The purpose of the invention is achieved as follows:
[0008] A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers. It is composed of a multi-core optical fiber dual trap optical tweezers system and two-diameter dielectric microspheres. Among them, the multi-core fiber has circularly symmetric distributed peripheral cores and a center core, and thefiber end with symmetrical truncated cone structure focuses the trapping beam transmitted in the peripheral cores, forming a dual optical tweezers along the axial of the fiber, which is used to cascade and trap microspheres of two diameters. The center core of the multi-core fiber transmits short-wavelength photonic nano-jets illuminating light, and the beam exits from the fiber end and then illuminates the microspheres trapped by the cascade. After the two-stage compression of the microspheres, the photonic nano-jets is generated.
[0009] The multi-core optical fiber may have a center core and a plurality of peripheral cores distributed in two coaxially symmetrical rings
[0010] The multi-core optical fiber may have a center core and two coaxially distributed annular-cores.
[0011] The refractive index of the two dielectric microspheres is between 1.33-1.8.This is
because the probe of the invention is more suitable for liquid environments, such as water, and
the refractive index of the dielectric microspheres needs to be greater than the refractive index of
the background environment to achieve stable trap. However, when the refractive index of the
dielectric microspheres is too large, for example, the refractive index is greater than 1.8, the
trapping effect of the optical fiber tweezers on the microspheres is not obvious.
[0012] The refractive index of the dielectric microspheres can be a uniform refractive index or
gradient refractive index distribution. For example, the refractive index of the dielectric
microsphere may satisfy a linear distribution or a Gaussian distribution along the radial direction
of the microsphere. In addition to improving the capture effect of the fiber optical tweezers on
the microspheres, the gradient refractive index can also achieve better compression of the beam
emitted from the center core and form a smaller size photonic nano-jets.
[0013] In order to achieve the two-stage compression of the beam emitted from the center core, a
method of cascading trapping of two dielectric microspheres is adopted. The diameters of the
two dielectric microspheres are different, and the diameter of the dielectric microsphere near the
end face of the optical fiber is larger than the diameter of the dielectric microsphere far away
from the end face of the optical fiber. This combination has two advantages:
[0014] Firstly, the invention combines the stable trap effect of the fiber optical tweezers on the
microspheres to realize the generation of photonic nano-jets probes, and the refractive index of
the microspheres should not be too large. In order to break the diffraction limit and realize the
optical jet of sub-wavelength size, the compression method of two-stage microsphere lens can
reduce the requirement on the refractive index of the microsphere.
[0015] Secondly, since the diameter of the Gaussian beam emitted from the center core of the optical fiber will be relatively large, it is first compressed to a small-sized beam through a microsphere with a larger diameter, and then passes through a microsphere with a smaller diameter to complete the secondary compression to realize photonic nano-jets probe, which can maximize the energy of the beam emitted from the center core.
[0016] The center core of the multi-core fiber can transmit light of two wavelengths. The
wavelength of one beam can be the same as the wavelength of the trapping beam. It is only used
to adjust the trap positions of the two microspheres. The distance between the microspheres is
used to adjust the two-stage compression effect of the two microspheres lenses on the center core
beam. One is the short-wavelength light generated by the photonic nano-jets. The shorter the
wavelength of the light, the smaller the size of the photonic nano-jets can be realized after being
compressed by the microsphere lens.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following significant advantages:
[0018] (1) Combined with the small size and flexibility of fiber optic tweezers, compared with
the super-resolution probe generation in the spatial optical tweezers system, it is much simpler.
[0019] (2) The method of cascading trapping of two dielectric microspheres is adopted to realize
the two-stage compression of the beam emitted from the center core, which can realize the
spatial photonic nano-jets with sub-wavelength resolution.
[0020] (3) The invention is a self-assembled photonic nano-jets probe based on fiber optical
tweezers. The microspheres lens can be continuously replaced to adjust the size of the photonic
nano-jets, and it can also modify the position of the two microspheres lenses to adjust the
generation of photonic nano-jets, and the assembly with extremely high flexibility.
[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the end face of a coaxial three-core optical fiber, which has a center core and two coaxially distributed annular-cores.
[0022] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers, where (a) is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the probe, (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the probe, and (c) is an enlarged view of the dotted frame in (b).
[0023] FIG. 3 is a simulation diagram of the optical path of the trapped light beams transmitted in the two annular-cores of the coaxial three-core fiber reflected and focused in the frustum structure to form dual trapping potential wells.
[0024] FIG. 4 shows a force curve of polystyrene balls with a diameter of 3 um and 12 um along the axial direction of the optical fiber.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a simulation result diagram of the Gaussian beam emitted from the center core after being compressed by two self-assembled microsphere lenses to form photonic nano-jets,
[0026] FIG. 6 corresponds to the optical power distribution diagram at the smallest size of the photonic nano-jets in the x direction in FIG. 5, and it can be seen that its FWHM=0.86X.
[0027] FIG. 7 is a simulation result diagram of the compression effect of a single microsphere lens on the beam emitted from the center core.
[0028] FIG. 8 corresponds to the optical power distribution diagram of the optical jet at the
smallest size in the x direction in FIG. 7, and it can be seen that its FWHM=1.82X.
[0029] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the end faces of the five-core fiber and the nine-core
fiber that can be used in the invention. This type of fiber has a center core and a plurality of
peripheral cores distributed in two coaxially symmetrical rings
[0030] FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an end face of a multi-core fiber with a two-layer
waveguide structure in the center core.
[0031] The invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific
embodiments.
[0032] Embodiment 1: A super-resolution optical probe based on coaxial dual annular-cores
multi-core fiber.
[0033] The multi-core optical fiber 1 shown in FIG. 1 is taken as an example to illustrate the
structure and principle of the invention. The optical fiber has two coaxially distributed
annular-cores 1-1, 1-2 and a center core 1-3. At the tip of the optical fiber 1, a rotationally
symmetric reflective truncated cone structure 4 is formed by precision grinding, as shown in FIG.
2. The two annular-cores 1-1, 1-2 are used to transmit the trapped light beams 5-1, 5-2 of 980nm,
which are totally reflected on the inclined surface of the truncated cone structure 4, and converge
on the end face of the fiber. Two optical potential wells with high energy density are formed, which can stably trap two dielectric microspheres 2 and 3. The center core 1-3 transmits a 532nm single-mode beam 6. After exiting the fiber, the beam passes through two dielectric microspheres 2 and 3 in sequence. After the two-stage convergence and compression of the two microspheres, photonic nano-jets are generated. The size is on the order of sub-wavelength.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a slicing result of the optical fiber axis section obtained by simulating the trapped light beams 5-1 and 5-2 of the above-mentioned truncated cone structure 4 using the finite element analysis simulation method. The intermediate diameters of the two annular-cores of the optical fiber used in this simulation model are 64 um and 84 um respectively. The wall thickness of the annular-core is 4um, the refractive index of the core is 1.4557, and the refractive index of the cladding is 1.4507. The external environment uses water with a refractive index of 1.33. The material of the two microspheres is selected as polystyrene, the refractive index is 1.6, and the diameter of the large microsphere 2 is 12 um, and it is located in the outer annular-core 1-1, which is formed by the reflection and convergence of the transmission beam 5-1. The small microsphere 3 has a diameter of 3um, and is located at the trapping point 2 formed by the reflection and convergence of the transmission beam 5-2 in the inner annular core 1-2.
[0035] FIG. 4 shows the force of the two small microspheres in the axial direction of the fiber obtained by simulation, the intersection of the two curves and the x-axis, that is, when the force of the microsphere is Fz=0, it is the stable trapping of the microspheres position. After stable trapping of the two microspheres can be obtained, the center-to-center spacing is 12 um.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a simulation result of the two trapped microspheres compressing the Gaussian beam output from the center core to form photonic nano-jets. The wavelength of the center core beam is 532nm, and tightly focused photonic nano-jets are obtained after compression by two microspheres. Figure 5(b) is a partial enlarged view of the light field after the beam is compressed by the smaller microspheres. FIG. 6 is the optical power distribution in the x direction at the waist of the photonic nano-jets generated in FIG. 5, with FWHM=0.86X, which has broken the diffraction limit. This kind of optical probe with a feature size at the sub-wavelength level can achieve ultra-high spatial detection resolution, and is widely used in fields such as super-resolution imaging, single-molecule detection, and nano-lithography processing.
[0037] In order to illustrate the significant effect of the secondary compression of the center core beam by the two microspheres, a single microsphere was simulated as a control example. The result is shown in FIG.7 and FIG.8. The parameters of the single microsphere used in the simulation model are the same as the parameters of the large microsphere in the above two microsphere embodiments, with a diameter of 12um and a refractive index of 1.6. It can be seen from FIG.7 that the photonic nano-jets obtained by compressing only a single microsphere has loose optical power and relatively large size, with FWHM=1.82X (FIG.8).
[0038] Embodiment 2:
[0039] Embodiment 1 provides a multi-core optical fiber with two coaxially distributed annular-cores. In fact, the invention is not limited to this kind of optical fiber. As shown in FIG.9, Five-core optical fiber 8 (FIG.9 (a)) and Nine-core optical fiber 9 (FIG.9 (b)), this type of multi-core fiber also has a center core, the difference is that it has a plurality of peripheral cores distributed in two coaxially symmetrical rings. This type of multi-core fiber can also realize two stable trapping potential wells after preparing a symmetrical truncated cone at the fiber end, stably trap two dielectric microspheres, realize the compression of the center core beam, and form a super-resolution nano-optical probe.
[0040] Embodiment 3:
[0041] As shown in FIG. 10, the center core of the multi-core fiber used in the invention can also
be a two-layer waveguide structure, in which the functions of the two outer annular-cores are the
same as the above-mentioned embodiment, and the inner layer of the center core is used to
transmit single-mode short-wavelength light used for photonic nano-jets generation. The outer
layer of the center core transmits a light beam with the same wavelength as the trapped beam. It
is used to adjust the trapping position of the two microspheres. The cascaded compression effect
of the two microsphere lenses on the center core beam can be adjusted by modifying the distance
between the two microspheres.
Claims (5)
1. A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers, characterized in that it is composed of a multi-core optical fiber dual trap optical tweezers system and two dielectric microspheres with different diameter. Among them, the multi-core fiber has circularly symmetric distributed peripheral cores and a center core, and the fiber end with symmetrical truncated cone structure focuses the trapping beam transmitted in the peripheral cores, forming dual optical tweezers along the axial of the fiber, which is used to cascade and trap microspheres of two diameters. The center core of the multi-core fiber transmits short-wavelength photonic nano-jets illuminating light, and the beam exits from the fiber end and then illuminates the microspheres trapped by the cascade dual optical tweezers. After the two-stage compression of the microspheres, the photonic nano-jets is generated..
2. A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers according to claim 1, characterized in that: (1) The multi-core optical fiber have a center core and a plurality of peripheral cores distributed in two coaxially symmetrical rings or (2) The multi-core optical fiber have a center core and two coaxially distributed annular-cores.
3. A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the two dielectric microspheres is between 1.33-1.8, which can be a uniform refractive index or gradient refractive index distribution.
4. A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameters of the two dielectric microspheres are different, and the diameter of the dielectric microspheres near the end of the fiber is larger than that of the dielectric microspheres far away the end of the fiber.
5. A self-assembled super-resolution optical probe based on fiber optical tweezers according
to claim 1, wherein the center core of the multi-core fiber can transmit light of two wavelengths,
one of which is power beam used to adjust the distance between the two trapped microspheres,
one of which is a beam used for photonic nano-jets generation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113707356A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Flexible optical micro-hand system and particle control method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113707356A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Flexible optical micro-hand system and particle control method |
| CN113707356B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-07-21 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Flexible optical micro-hand system and particle manipulation method |
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