CN109739287B

CN109739287B - Monitoring unit and implementation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109739287B
Application number: CN201910174164.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘克宇; 杨习贝; 王长宝; 高尚; 凌青华
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Dongtai Zhichuang precision manufacturing Industrial Park Investment Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2018-12-10
Filing date: 2019-03-08
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-08
Also published as: CN109814645A; CN109814645B; CN109739287A

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring unit and a realization method thereof, wherein the monitoring unit comprises: the temperature and humidity acquisition module is provided with an indicator light, the temperature sensing switch, the pressure switch module and the fourth to seventh field tubes; the output of the pressure switch module is connected with a gate electrode of the fifth field tube; the grid electrode of the fourth field tube is connected with the temperature and humidity acquisition module; the gate electrode of the sixth field tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth field tube; the drain electrode of the fifth field tube is connected with the gate electrode of the seventh field tube, and the gate electrode is connected with a lead wire to be input into the temperature and humidity acquisition module; the temperature and humidity acquisition module is connected with the external equipment in a wireless manner; the temperature-sensing switch is connected with the sixth field tube switch and the seventh field tube switch in parallel and then connected in series with a power supply passage of the battery and the temperature and humidity acquisition module; the method is characterized in that when the temperature and humidity acquisition module responds to an interruption application sent by the pressure switch module through the fifth field tube, the temperature and humidity acquisition module determines that the barn turning or grain discharging or grain is stolen, uploads output information to the peripheral, identifies the returned identification code, and lights up the indicator lamp if the barn turning/grain discharging identification code is received.

Description

Monitoring unit and implementation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of granary safety, and particularly relates to a monitoring unit at the tail end of a granary monitoring and management system and an implementation method thereof.

Background

As is well known, the storage of grains is easily affected by temperature, humidity and other factors, and may cause problems such as heat generation, mildew, insect pest breeding, etc. In order to reduce loss in the grain storage process and guarantee the quality of grains, the granary monitoring and management system takes corresponding measures according to the specific conditions that the sensing device of the end node monitors the temperature and the humidity of the grains in the uploaded granary, and carries out cooling, moisture removal or turning over treatment. At present, a granary monitoring and management system: according to the specific conditions of temperature and humidity uploaded by a sensing device of a terminal node, automatic completion can be achieved when temperature reduction and/or humidity elimination are needed, but manual participation is needed when the warehouse needs to be turned over, when the responsibility of a worker turning over the warehouse is not strong, the worker may turn over less or even not turn over, and an automatic detection means is not used for monitoring the warehouse turning quality at present unless a manager for monitoring the warehouse turning quality is on site.

As is well known, the sensing device node used for preventing burglary at the tail end in the granary monitoring and management system is generally a human body infrared sensor and/or a camera, and once other people break through the defense line of the human body infrared sensor and the camera, grains can be stolen. It is also known that most of grain storage adopts an accumulation type, and pressure change in a granary can be caused by reduction of grain accumulation and/or collapse of accumulated grains. When the grain is stolen, the grain accumulation amount can be reduced, and even the accumulated grain is collapsed. At present: during the anti-theft period, no terminal node of the granary monitoring and management system assists in anti-theft for the sensing device of pressure change in the stacked granary.

As is well known, the nodes of the temperature and humidity sensing devices, the ends of which are arranged in the stacked grain bin, in the monitoring and management system of the grain bin are required to be distributed in the grain stack, and the nodes of the temperature and humidity sensing devices in the grain stack are arranged in a horizontal direction with a row-column spacing not greater than 5 m and a vertical direction with a spacing not greater than 3 m, and the nodes of the temperature and humidity sensing devices are divided into two types, namely wireless (such as temperature and humidity sensing device nodes based on Zigbee technology) and wired (such as inserted rod type temperature and humidity sensing device nodes), from a communication mode. The temperature and humidity sensing device node in a wired mode is convenient to supply power, but is inconvenient to arrange in a grain pile; the wireless temperature and humidity sensing device nodes are conveniently buried in the grain pile, but the power supply needs to be wireless and/or battery-powered, and no battery is used for supplying power, so that the wireless temperature and humidity sensing device nodes cannot be monitored in real time if the temperature and humidity exceed the limit, namely cannot be uploaded to a granary monitoring and management system. The wired temperature and humidity sensing device can not only facilitate regular inspection of a granary monitoring and management system, but also facilitate real-time uploading of temperature and humidity overrun to the granary monitoring and management system when the granary monitoring and management system is not in an inspection period, and the wired temperature and humidity sensing device can be in a live working state at any time because the wired temperature and humidity sensing device is convenient to supply power, but the wired temperature and humidity sensing device node is inconvenient to arrange in a stacked granary; the wireless mode temperature and humidity sensing device node can make things convenient for the granary monitoring management system to patrol and examine regularly, and the temperature and humidity sensing device node of wireless mode is located and is piled up the formula granary and convenient than the temperature and humidity sensing device node of wired mode, but the granary monitoring management system is not in the period of patrolling and examining, if the temperature and humidity transfinites and need to upload to the granary monitoring management system in real time, the temperature and humidity sensing device node of wireless mode must be from taking the power supply battery, because the electric quantity of battery is limited, so must consider under the energy-conserving state, the granary monitoring management system is not in the period of patrolling and examining, if the temperature and humidity transfinites and uploads to the granary monitoring management system in real time, need consider the problem of conveniently supplementing the electric quantity. According to the prior art, no good scheme is provided, the energy-saving problem of the wireless temperature and humidity sensing device with the temperature and humidity over-limit real-time uploading to the granary monitoring and management system is solved, and the battery power supply problem is solved.

It is well known that: the higher the temperature is, the lower the safety moisture content of the grain is, and the water content of the grain is reduced by 1 percent when the temperature of the grain pile is increased by 5 ℃ according to the inspection. Thus, when the temperature rises, the original moisture content is maintained, and the grain deterioration is accelerated. Therefore, when the temperature rises to the limit, real-time prompting is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a monitoring unit and a realization method thereof, which realize the following steps: firstly, routing inspection and overtemperature real-time alarming are realized; secondly, prompting and alarming when the bin is turned over and the stealing behavior occurs are integrated; the battery is full, the polling excitation signal is over-temperature, the bin is turned over, the grain is put, and the battery supplies power to work when any situation of stealing occurs.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a monitoring unit is a sensing monitoring unit arranged in a grain pile at the tail end of a granary monitoring and management system, and is connected with an excitation/charging source module and an information transceiving control terminal which are arranged in the same granary through a wireless mode; it is characterized in that the monitoring unit comprises: the device comprises a rectification module, a demodulation and decoding control module, a battery charging module, a temperature and humidity acquisition module, a temperature-sensitive switch, a pressure switch module, a low-frequency antenna, a battery, a first field-effect tube, a second field-effect tube, a third field-effect tube, a fourth field-effect tube, a fifth field-effect tube, a sixth field-effect tube and a seventh field-effect tube; the low-frequency antenna is connected with an excitation/charging source module in the granary in a wireless mode and receives an excitation/charging source signal sent by the excitation/charging source module; the low-frequency antenna is respectively connected with the input of the rectifying module and the input of the demodulation and decoding control module; the output of the rectification module is respectively connected with the power input of the demodulation decoding control module and the source electrode of the third field effect transistor, the drain electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected with the input of the battery charging module, the gate electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected with the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, the gate electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected with one output of the demodulation decoding control module, and the source electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected with the cathode of the battery; the charging output of the battery charging module is connected with the input of the pressure switch module in parallel and then is connected to the positive electrode of the battery; one signal output of the battery charging module 300 is connected with the input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module, and the other signal output of the battery charging module is connected with the input of the demodulation and decoding control module; the grid electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with the other output of the demodulation decoding control module, and the source electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with the cathode of the battery; the output of the pressure switch module is connected with a gate electrode of a fifth field effect transistor; the source electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the grid electrode of the fourth field effect transistor is connected with the output of the temperature and humidity acquisition module, and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; a source electrode of the sixth field effect tube, a source electrode of the seventh field effect tube and one end of the temperature-sensitive switch are mutually connected in parallel and then connected with the anode of the battery, a drain electrode of the sixth field effect tube, a drain electrode of the seventh field effect tube and the other end of the temperature-sensitive switch are mutually connected in parallel and then connected to the power input of the temperature-humidity acquisition module, and a grid electrode of the sixth field effect tube is mutually connected in parallel with a drain electrode of the first field effect tube and a drain electrode of the fourth field effect tube; the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the gate electrode of the seventh field effect transistor, and leads from the connecting wire to the interrupt input and the digital input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module; the temperature and humidity acquisition module is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal in a wireless mode; and the power supply cathode of the rectification module, the power supply cathode of the battery charging module, the power supply cathode of the temperature and humidity acquisition module and the power supply cathode of the pressure switch module are connected with the cathode of the battery.

The pressure switch module described above includes: a first pressure acquisition unit, a second pressure acquisition unit, a third pressure acquisition unit, a resistor R2; after the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit are connected in parallel, the input of the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit is connected to the anode of the battery, and the output of the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit is connected to one end of a resistor R2 and the gate of a fifth field effect transistor respectively; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the negative pole of the battery.

The pressure acquisition unit described above includes: a resistor R1, a stress button AN, a capacitor C and a diode D; the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected with one end of the resistor R1 in parallel and then is connected with the input end, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the normally open contact of the stress button in series and then is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor C; the negative electrode of the capacitor C is connected with the normally closed contact of the stress button in series and then is connected with the anode of the diode D, and the cathode of the diode D is connected with the output end.

The first field effect transistor, the second field effect transistor, the fourth field effect transistor and the fifth field effect transistor are all N-channel enhanced MOS transistors; the third field effect transistor, the sixth field effect transistor and the seventh field effect transistor are P-channel enhanced MOS transistors.

The temperature and humidity acquisition module comprises a temperature and humidity detection processing control unit, a wireless transceiving unit, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a high-frequency antenna and an indicator light; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is sequentially connected with the wireless transceiving unit and the high-frequency antenna in series and then is connected with the information transceiving control terminal in a wireless mode; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a drain electrode of a fifth field effect transistor and a battery charging module in an input mode; the output of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is connected with a grid and an indicator light of a fourth field effect tube; and the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the interrupt input and the digital input of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit.

The granary monitoring and managing system comprises a granary management information system arranged in a monitoring center, an information receiving and transmitting control terminal, a monitoring unit, an excitation/charging source module and corresponding cooling, dehumidifying and ventilating equipment, wherein the information receiving and transmitting control terminal, the monitoring unit and the excitation/charging source module are arranged in each granary; the system comprises an information receiving and transmitting control terminal of each granary, a monitoring unit, an excitation/charging source module, a low-frequency wireless mode and a wireless mode, wherein the information receiving and transmitting control terminal of each granary is connected with a granary management information system through a communication network, the information receiving and transmitting control terminal is connected with cooling, dehumidifying and ventilating equipment through control signals, the monitoring unit is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal in the same granary in a high-frequency wireless mode, the excitation/charging source module is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal in the same granary in a wireless or wired mode, and the excitation.

The capacitor is a tantalum leakage capacitor or a niobium capacitor.

The stress button is a double-path contact switch, one path is normally open, and the other path is normally closed.

In order to achieve the above object, another technical solution of the present invention is:

a method for implementing a monitoring unit comprises the following steps:

the stress surface of the stress button is set as follows: when the stress is more than or equal to 5 kilograms, the normally open contact is closed, and the normally closed contact is opened; when the stress is less than 5 kilograms, the normally open contact is opened, and the normally closed contact is closed;

the monitoring unit is arranged in the bearing box, and stress surfaces of the stress buttons in the three pressure acquisition units are respectively arranged on the panel in the three directions of coaxial stress of the bearing box in a concave mode;

thirdly, when the response is to be made to the interrupt application sent by the pressure switch module through the output of the fifth field effect transistor, the current barn turning or grain discharging or grain stealing is determined, the uploading pressure switch module outputs information to the information transceiving control terminal, and the information transceiving control terminal transmits back the corresponding identification code according to the current setting:

when the returned identification code is a turning over/discharging identification code, an indicator lamp is turned on: the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit reads the output of the fifth field effect transistor through the digital input port, sets that the output of the fifth field effect transistor is detected and identified from high level to low level for 3 times continuously, and the time for 3 times continuously is less than 10 seconds, and extinguishes the lighted indicator lamp: outputting low level to the grid of the fourth field effect transistor, entering a dormant state until the temperature and humidity acquisition module loses power,

and secondly, when the returned identification code is the anti-theft identification code, outputting a low level to a grid electrode of the fourth field effect transistor, and entering a dormant state until the temperature and humidity acquisition module loses power.

Has the advantages that:

the invention relates to a monitoring unit and an implementation method thereof, which have the advantages of routing inspection and overtemperature real-time alarm; secondly, prompting and alarming when the bin is turned over and the stealing behavior occurs; the battery is full, the excitation signal is patrolled and examined, the battery supplies power to work after any condition that the pressure switch module generates the excitation signal is over-temperature, so that the energy conservation of the battery is facilitated; the pressure switch module generates an excitation signal which can be used as a signal for the occurrence of the storehouse turning behavior and a signal for the occurrence of the stealing behavior, so that the storehouse turning behavior and the stealing behavior are monitored in real time; after the turning over and grain discharging actions occur, the indicator lamp is lightened, so that the monitoring unit can be found conveniently in the turning over and grain discharging processes, and the grain discharging monitoring unit is reset; sixthly, the problem of stress surface orientation is not needed to be considered when the grain pile is placed, so that blind placement is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a monitoring unit of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between a sensing monitoring unit arranged in a grain stack at the tail end of a granary monitoring and management system, and an excitation/charging source module and an information transceiving control terminal of the same granary;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the schematic connection of the pressure acquisition unit of the present invention;

in the figure: 100. the system comprises a rectification module 200, a demodulation decoding control module 300, a battery charging module 400, a temperature and humidity acquisition module 500, a temperature sensing switch 700, a pressure switch module 600, a low-frequency antenna, a battery E, a Q1, a Q2, a Q3, a Q4, a Q5, a Q6, a first field-effect tube, a seventh field-effect tube, a temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410, a wireless transceiving unit 420, a temperature sensor 430, a humidity sensor 440, a high-frequency antenna 450, an indicator light 460, an AN. stress button, a C capacitor, R1, a resistor R2, a1, A2 and An. monitoring units, n is the number of monitoring units arranged in a granary stack, 701, 702 and 703 are pressure acquisition units and D are diodes.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a monitoring unit is a sensing monitoring unit arranged at the tail end of a granary monitoring and management system in a grain stack, and is connected with an excitation/charging source module and an information transceiving control terminal which are arranged in the same granary through a wireless mode; the monitoring unit includes: the device comprises a rectification module 100, a demodulation and decoding control module 200, a battery charging module 300, a temperature and humidity acquisition module 400, a temperature-sensitive switch 500, a pressure switch module 700, a low-frequency antenna 600, a battery E, a first field-effect tube Q1, a second field-effect tube Q2, a third field-effect tube Q3, a fourth field-effect tube Q4, a fifth field-effect tube Q5, a sixth field-effect tube Q6 and a seventh field-effect tube Q7; the low-frequency antenna 600 is connected with an excitation/charging source module in the granary in a wireless mode and receives an excitation/charging source signal sent by the excitation/charging source module; the low-frequency antenna 600 is respectively connected with the inputs of the rectifying module 100 and the demodulation and decoding control module 200; the output of the rectifying module 100 is respectively connected to the power input of the demodulation decoding control module 200 and the source of the third field effect transistor Q3, the drain of the third field effect transistor Q3 is connected to the input of the battery charging module 300, the gate of the third field effect transistor Q3 is connected to the drain of the second field effect transistor Q2, the gate of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected to an output of the demodulation decoding control module 200, and the source of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the battery E; the charging output of the battery charging module 300 is connected in parallel with the input of the pressure switch module 700 and then connected to the positive electrode of the battery E; one signal output of the battery charging module 300 is connected with the input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400, and the other signal output of the battery charging module 300 is connected with the input of the demodulation decoding control module 200; the gate of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the other output of the demodulation decoding control module 200, and the source of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the cathode of the battery E; the output of the pressure switch module 700 is connected with the gate of the fifth field effect transistor Q5; the source electrode of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery E; the grid electrode of the fourth field-effect tube Q4 is connected with the output of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400, and the source electrode of the fourth field-effect tube Q4 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery E; a source electrode of the sixth field-effect tube Q6, a source electrode of the seventh field-effect tube Q7 and one end of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 are connected in parallel and then connected with the anode of the battery E, a drain electrode of the sixth field-effect tube Q6, a drain electrode of the seventh field-effect tube Q7 and the other end of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 are connected in parallel and then connected to the power input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400, and a gate electrode of the sixth field-effect tube Q6 is connected in parallel with a drain electrode of the first field-effect tube Q1 and a drain electrode of the fourth field-effect tube Q4; the drain of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is connected to the gate of the seventh field effect transistor Q7, and leads from its connection line to the interrupt input and digital input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400; the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal in a wireless mode; the negative electrode of the power supply of the rectifying module 100, the negative electrode of the power supply of the battery charging module 300, the negative electrode of the power supply of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 and the negative electrode of the power supply of the pressure switch module 700 are connected with the negative electrode of the battery E.

The first field-effect transistor Q1, the second field-effect transistor Q2, the fourth field-effect transistor Q4 and the fifth field-effect transistor Q5 are all N-channel enhancement type MOS transistors; the third fet Q3, the sixth fet Q6, and the seventh fet Q7 are P-channel enhancement MOS transistors.

In the grain heap collection process, the monitoring unit is placed from the end up with perpendicular 1.5 meters layer thickness, every layer with the interval that is less than 5 meters on to the staff for temperature and humidity and grain heap to its pressure's change in the monitoring preservation process grain heap, supervisory systems through setting for the function, differentiates what action that the grain heap is to the change of monitoring unit pressure arouses: when the function of the time period is set as turning over, the change of the pressure of the monitoring units is monitored in the time period and the monitoring unit is determined as turning over, the monitoring system calculates the ratio of the monitoring units to the total amount of all the monitoring units in the grain stack through the number of the monitoring units monitoring the pressure change in the grain stack to judge the quality of the turning over, the higher the ratio is, the better the quality of the turning over is determined, and the opposite is true, and the number of the monitoring units monitoring the pressure change in unit time can be used for judging the turning over efficiency; when the function of the time period is set as grain discharging, the pressure change of the monitoring units is monitored in the time period, the grain discharging is determined to be in the process of grain discharging, and the food discharging speed can be judged by the number of the monitoring units monitoring the pressure change in unit time; when the function of the time period is set as anti-theft, the change of the pressure of the monitoring units is monitored in the time period, the situation that the monitoring units are stolen is determined, the monitoring system calculates the ratio of the monitoring units accounting for the total amount of all the monitoring units arranged in the grain pile through the number of the monitoring units arranged in the grain pile for monitoring the pressure change, the stealing amount is determined, and the grading alarm is carried out according to the stealing amount, wherein the larger the stealing amount is, the higher the top layer level is, the alarm frequency is increased, and the alarm level is increased layer by layer, and the reverse is realized.

The monitoring unit is installed in bearing box, and the stress surface of monitoring grain stack to its change of pressure becomes the concave type and locates on the panel that monitoring unit bears the box, and the concave panel that bears the box of stress surface promptly to be favorable to being difficult to receive external pressure influence to trigger the circular telegram of battery E supply circuit in the transportation of monitoring unit, reserve storage process, thereby improve battery E life. When the monitoring unit arranged in the bearing box is only arranged on one panel of the bearing box and is placed in the grain pile, attention is paid to the fact that the stress surface which is arranged on the panel of the bearing box and used for monitoring the pressure change faces or faces downwards and is placed in the grain pile. The invention preferably comprises the following components: the bearing surfaces which are concave into the panel of the bearing box are respectively arranged in the coaxial stress direction of the bearing box, namely, the upper panel and the lower panel of the bearing box are arranged one, the front panel and the rear panel are arranged one, the left panel and the right panel are arranged one, and the monitoring unit which is placed in the grain stack is used for monitoring the change of pressure of one of the bearing surfaces, so that the situation that the grain in the granary is turned over or put in grain or stolen is considered. Therefore, the monitoring unit can be placed in the grain pile blindly, namely the problem that the pressure change of the grain pile cannot be monitored by a stress surface is not considered when the monitoring unit is placed in the grain pile.

The pressure switch module 700 described above includes: a first pressure obtaining unit 701, a second pressure obtaining unit 702, a third pressure obtaining unit 703, and a resistor R2; after the first pressure obtaining unit 701, the second pressure obtaining unit 702 and the third pressure obtaining unit 703 are connected IN parallel, the input IN is connected to the anode of the cell E, and the output OUT is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the gate of the fifth field-effect transistor Q5, respectively; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery E.

As shown in fig. 3, the first pressure acquiring unit 701, the second pressure acquiring unit 702, and the third pressure acquiring unit 703 described above are each: the resistor R1, the stress button AN, the capacitor C and the diode D; the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected with one end of the resistor R1 IN parallel and then is connected to the input end IN, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the normally open contact of the stress button AN IN series and then is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor C; the negative electrode of the capacitor C is connected with the normally closed contact of the stress button AN in series and then is connected with the anode (positive electrode) of the diode D, and the cathode (negative electrode) of the diode D is connected with the output end OUT.

The stress button AN is a double-path contact switch, one path is normally open, the other path is normally closed, and the stress surface of the stress button AN is set as follows: when the stress is more than or equal to 5 kilograms, one normally open contact is closed, and one normally closed contact is opened; when the stress is less than 5 kilograms, one path of normally open contact is opened (kept normally open), and one path of normally closed contact is closed (kept normally closed). That is, when the stress of the stress surface of the stress button AN is greater than or equal to 5 kgf, one normally open contact is closed, and one normally closed contact is opened, and when the stress of the stress surface of the stress button AN is less than 5 kgf, one normally open contact is returned to be opened, and one normally closed contact is returned to be connected (closed).

The monitoring unit is installed in the bearing box, the stress surface of the stress button AN in the first pressure acquisition unit 701, the second pressure acquisition unit 702 and the third pressure acquisition unit 703 is concavely arranged on the panel of the bearing box, namely, the stress surface of the stress button AN is concaved into the panel of the bearing box, so that the influence of external pressure on the power supply circuit of the battery E is not easily generated in the transportation and standby storage processes of the monitoring unit, and the service life of the battery E is prolonged. And the stress surfaces of the three stress buttons AN in the first pressure obtaining unit 701, the second pressure obtaining unit 702 and the third pressure obtaining unit 703 are respectively arranged on the panels of the load bearing box in three directions of coaxial stress, that is, the upper panel and the lower panel of the load bearing box are arranged one, the front panel and the rear panel are arranged one, and the left panel and the right panel are arranged one. If the stressed surface of the stressed button AN in the first pressure obtaining unit 701 is disposed on the upper panel or the lower panel of the carrying box, and the stressed surface of the stressed button AN in the second pressure obtaining unit 702 is disposed on the front panel or the rear panel of the carrying box, the stressed surface of the stressed button AN in the third pressure obtaining unit 703 is disposed on the left panel or the right panel of the carrying box.

The capacitor C described above is selected to have a small leakage current, such as a tantalum capacitor and a niobium capacitor.

The first pressure obtaining unit 701, the second pressure obtaining unit 702 and the third pressure obtaining unit 703 of the pressure switch module 700 output in a parallel connection manner, and the output of the pressure obtaining unit is connected with the isolated diode D, so that the output is not affected, and therefore, in the three pressure obtaining units connected in parallel, as long as one of the three pressure obtaining units has output, no output exists when none of the three pressure obtaining units has output.

In each pressure acquisition unit, a battery E sequentially passes through a capacitor C, a normally closed contact of a stress button AN, a diode D and a resistor R2 to form a charging circuit, the disconnection and the connection of the charging circuit formed by each pressure acquisition unit and the resistor R2 are controlled by the normally closed contact of the stress button AN connected in series, the normally closed contact of the stress button AN is disconnected, the charging circuit formed by the capacitor C controlled by the normally closed contact of the stress button AN and the resistor R2 is disconnected, the normally open contact of the stress button AN is connected, and the capacitor C controlled by the normally open contact of the stress button AN discharges through the resistor R1. Under the condition of ensuring safety, the resistor R1 is as small as possible to ensure that the capacitor C is discharged in a short time when the stress surface of the stress button AN is stressed by more than or equal to 5 kilograms force, namely after the normally open contact of the stress button AN is switched on. After the three pressure acquisition units are connected in parallel with the resistor R2, the voltage drop on the resistor R2 is the output signal of the pressure switch module 700, and the output signal is led to the gate of the fifth field effect transistor Q5. Normally closed contacts of a stressed button AN in the three pressure acquisition units are all disconnected, voltage reduction on the resistor R2 is zero, the normally closed contacts of the stressed button AN in the three pressure acquisition units are all connected, the capacitors C controlled by the normally closed contacts are all full, and the voltage reduction on the resistor R2 is zero. The larger the number of normally closed contacts of the force button AN in the three pressure acquisition units, the longer the voltage drop across the resistor R2 is greater than zero, and vice versa.

In the charging process that the battery E forms a charging loop with the resistor R2 through the capacitor C and the normally closed contact of the stressed button AN, the voltage dropped on the resistor R2 is gradually reduced from equal to the voltage of the battery E along with the charging of the capacitor C, and when the capacitor C is fully charged or the normally closed contact of the corresponding stressed button AN is disconnected, the voltage dropped on the resistor R2 is zero. The requirements for the selection of the size of the capacitor C and the resistor R2 are: in the charging process that only one normally-closed contact of a stressed button AN in the three pressure acquisition units is connected, the opening voltage U of a fifth field-effect tube Q5 obtained from a resistor R2 is more than or equal to_GS(th)The temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 is kept to be powered on to control the fourth field effect transistor Q4 to enter a conducting state from a cut-off state.

The on and off of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 are controlled by the output of the pressure switch module 700, and the output of the pressure switch module 700 is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage U of the fifth field effect transistor Q5_GS(th)The fifth field effect transistor Q5 is turned on, otherwise, the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is turned off; the on and off of the seventh field effect transistor Q7 are controlled by the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is switched on, and the seventh field effect transistor Q7 is switched on; the fifth fet Q5 is turned off and the seventh fet Q7 is turned off.

The switches of the sixth field effect transistor Q6, the seventh field effect transistor Q7 and the temperature-sensitive switch 500 are connected in parallel: and controlling the power input path of the battery E to the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400.

The excitation/charging source module is used for generating excitation and charging signals for the monitoring unit and comprises an excitation signal program module and a charging signal program module which are controlled and sent by the information transceiving control terminal. The excitation/charging source module is connected to the low frequency antenna 600 in the monitoring unit in a wireless manner. The excitation/charging source module is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal, and signals transmitted by the excitation/charging source module are controlled by the information receiving and transmitting control terminal. When the information transceiving control terminal outputs the polling control information to the excitation/charging source module, the excitation/charging source module receives the polling control information, executes the excitation signal program module and sends an excitation signal, wherein the sent excitation signal contains an excitation code, and the excitation codes in the monitoring units in the same granary are consistent; when the information receiving and transmitting control terminal outputs the inspection stopping control information to the excitation/charging source module, the excitation/charging source module receives the inspection stopping control information, the excitation signal program module stops executing, and the excitation/charging source module stops sending the excitation signal. When the information transceiving control terminal outputs the charging control information to the excitation/charging source module, the excitation/charging source module receives the charging control information, executes the charging signal program module and sends a charging signal, wherein the sent charging signal contains a charging code, and the charging codes in the monitoring units in the same granary are set to be consistent; when the information transceiving control terminal outputs the charging stop control information to the excitation/charging source module, the excitation/charging source module receives the charging stop control information, the charging signal program module stops executing, and the excitation/charging source module stops sending the charging signal.

The information transceiving control terminal is an intermediate node and is used for specifically inspecting and receiving the monitoring unit in the granary in real time and controlling the output signal of the excitation/charging source module, the information transceiving control terminal is connected with the moderate temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 of the monitoring unit in a high-frequency wireless mode, the information transceiving control terminal is connected with a granary management information system of a monitoring center through a network and is connected with the excitation/charging source module through a wire or a wireless mode, and the information transceiving control terminal outputs a corresponding control signal to the excitation/charging source module according to the requirement; and the information receiving and transmitting control terminal is also connected with control signals to temperature adjusting, moisture removing and ventilating equipment and is connected with an infrared camera shooting and anti-theft end device.

When the information transceiving control terminal requires to patrol the monitoring units and outputs patrol control information to the excitation/charging source module, and when the information transceiving control terminal establishes communication connection with more than 3 monitoring units in the granary, the information transceiving control terminal outputs the patrol stopping control information to the excitation/charging source module and transmits patrol information marks to all the monitoring units in the grain stack.

When the information transceiving control terminal requires to supplement the electric quantity to the battery E in the monitoring unit, charging control information is output to the excitation/charging source module, the information transceiving control terminal sends out a battery full-charge signal to all the monitoring units in the granary to be received, and charging stop control information is output to the excitation/charging source module.

When the polling is needed in the charging process, the information receiving and transmitting control terminal immediately outputs the charging stopping control information to the excitation/charging source module and then outputs the polling control information to the excitation/charging source module.

The low-frequency antenna 600 receives a signal from the excitation/charging source module, and sends the signal to the power input terminal of the rectification module 100 and the signal input terminal of the demodulation and decoding control module 200, and the rectification module 100 rectifies and stabilizes the voltage of the signal received by the low-frequency antenna 600 and outputs a working voltage to the power input terminal of the demodulation and decoding control module 200 and the source terminal of the third field-effect transistor Q3.

The demodulation decoding control module 200 demodulates and decodes signals received by the low-frequency antenna 600, the demodulation decoding control module 200 has excitation codes and charging codes, and the demodulation decoding control module 200 compares the demodulated codes with the stored excitation codes and charging codes: for activating the code, a high potential (greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage U of the first field effect transistor Q1) is output_GS(th)) To the gate of the first FET Q1, a low potential is output (less than the turn-on voltage U of the second FET Q2)_GS(th)) To the gate of a second field effect transistor Q2, a first field effect transistor Q1 is turned on, and the second field effect transistor Q2 is turned off; when the charge coding is performed, a low potential (less than the starting voltage U of the first field effect transistor Q1) is output_GS(th)) To the gate of the first FET Q1, a high voltage level is output (greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage U of the second FET Q2)_GS(th)) To the gate of the second FET Q2, the first FET Q1 is turned off and the second FET Q2 is turned on. The demodulation decoding control module 200 does not receive the excitation encoding and charging encoding signals, outputs a low potential to the gates of the first field effect transistor Q1 and the second field effect transistor Q2, and turns off both the first field effect transistor Q1 and the second field effect transistor Q2.

The demodulation and decoding control module 200 controls the conduction of the third field effect transistor Q3 through the second field effect transistor Q2, during the period that the output of the rectification module 100 is transmitted to the battery charging module 300 through the third field effect transistor Q3 to charge the battery E, the demodulation and decoding control module 200 responds to whether the battery charging module 300 inputs a full battery signal or not, the demodulation and decoding control module 200 waits to receive the full battery signal input by the battery charging module 300, the demodulation and decoding control module 200 outputs a high potential to the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor Q1 and a low potential to the grid electrode of the second field effect transistor Q2, the first field effect transistor Q1 is conducted, the second field effect transistor Q2 is cut off, the demodulation and decoding control module 200 temporarily stops the corresponding charging signal, the low potential is output to the grid electrode of the first field effect transistor Q1 after 3 seconds of delay, the first field effect transistor Q1 is turned off or is not delayed, and the demodulation and decoding control module 200 has no working power supply, that is, after the battery E is fully charged, the demodulation decoding control module 200 still keeps outputting the low potential to the gate of the second fet Q2, and keeps the control voltage output to the gate of the first fet Q1 unchanged.

When the demodulation decoding control module 200 is not powered, the voltage output to the gates of the first field effect transistor Q1 and the second field effect transistor Q2 is zero, the first field effect transistor Q1 and the second field effect transistor Q2 are cut off, and the pause function automatically disappears.

During the period that the demodulation decoding control module 200 suspends the corresponding charging signal, the demodulation decoding control module 200 does not lose the working power supply, and under the condition, after receiving the excitation code, the suspended charging function is released, namely after receiving the excitation code, the demodulation decoding control module 200 correspondingly charges the signal next time.

The second field effect transistor Q2 is cut off, and the third field effect transistor Q3 is cut off; the second fet Q2 is turned on and the third fet Q3 is turned on.

The third fet Q3 is turned off, the output of the rectifier module 100 cannot charge the battery E through the battery charging module 300 via the third fet Q3, i.e., the third fet Q3 is turned off, and the voltage output by the rectifier module 100 stops charging the battery E through the battery charging module 300 via the third fet Q3. The third fet Q3 is turned on, and the voltage output from the rectifying module 100 charges the battery E through the battery charging module 300 via the third fet Q3.

The battery charging module 300 includes a charging circuit for charging the battery E and a circuit for monitoring whether the battery E is fully charged. The charging output of the battery charging module 300 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery E, and the output of the monitoring circuit for detecting whether the battery E is fully charged is connected to the input of the demodulation and decoding control module 200 and the input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400.

When any one of the first field effect transistor Q1 and the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is turned on, a control voltage U is applied between the gate and the source of the sixth field effect transistor Q6_GSLess than or equal to its turn-on voltage U_GS(th)And the sixth field effect transistor Q6 is on.

When the first FET Q1 and the fourth FET Q4 are both turned off, a control voltage U is applied between the gate and the source of the sixth FET Q6_GSGreater than its turn-on voltage U_GS(th)And the sixth field effect transistor Q6 is turned off.

The temperature-sensing switch 500 is used for starting the battery E to supply power when overtemperature occurs, and overtemperature real-time alarming is achieved.

The temperature-sensing switch 500 is a passive physical contact switch, and the contacts thereof are normally open, that is: when the temperature-sensitive switch 500 senses that the temperature is lower than the set temperature, the contact of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 is disconnected, and the normal working state is realized; when the temperature-sensitive switch 500 senses that the temperature is higher than or equal to the set temperature, the contact of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 is turned on (closed), and when the temperature-sensitive switch 500 after being turned on senses that the temperature is lower than the set temperature, the contact of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 is restored to the normal working state, i.e., turned off.

Generally, the temperature in the granary is required to be kept below 30 ℃ throughout the year, and the set temperature of the temperature-sensitive switch 500 is as follows: when the temperature is sensed to be higher than or equal to 35 ℃ by the temperature-sensitive switch 500, the battery E is connected to the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 through the temperature-sensitive switch 500, and the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 is powered on to work.

The temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 is used for reading specific temperature and humidity, theft prevention, turning over a warehouse, grain discharging, battery E electric quantity and the like and sending the collected data to an information receiving and sending control terminal for corresponding control, and comprises a temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410, a wireless receiving and sending unit 420, a temperature sensor 430, a humidity sensor 440, a high-frequency antenna 450 and an indicator lamp 460; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 is connected in series with the wireless transceiving unit 420 and the high-frequency antenna 450 in sequence and then is connected with the information transceiving control terminal in a wireless manner; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 is connected with a temperature sensor 430, a humidity sensor 440, a drain of a fifth field effect transistor Q5 and the battery charging module 300 in an input manner; the output of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 is connected with the grid of a fourth field effect transistor Q4 and an indicator lamp 460; the drain of the fifth fet Q5 is connected to the interrupt input and the digital input of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410, and sets the low level of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 to respond to the interrupt request output from the fifth fet Q5. The temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 is an information processing control unit, collects, processes and uploads corresponding input signals, and correspondingly controls through output according to a processing result, and the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 includes: the CPU, the input/output interface and the EEPROM memory which are matched with the input/output circuit are provided with corresponding ID codes, and a corresponding detection identification control program module and a program module which is communicated with the information transceiving control terminal are embedded, and an interrupt service program module which responds to the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 at a low level is also embedded; and a voltage monitoring circuit of the battery E is also contained.

When the output of the pressure switch module 700 is greater than zero voltage, it indicates that at least one of the normally closed contacts of the three stressed buttons AN is on, that is, it indicates that at least one of the stressed surfaces of the three stressed buttons AN is stressed by less than 5 kgf, and the on time of the normally closed contact is less than the time required for the capacitor C to be fully charged, or the on maintaining time of the normally closed contact is less than the time required for the capacitor C to be fully charged. When the voltage output by the pressure switch module 700 is closer to the terminal voltage of the battery E, it indicates that the normally closed contact is just turned on, and the smaller the voltage output by the pressure switch module 700, it indicates that the normally closed contact is turned on and maintained for the longer time. When the output of the pressure switch module 700 is equal to zero voltage, it indicates that the normally closed contacts of the three stressed buttons AN are all in AN off state or the normally closed contacts are on and maintained until the current time is longer than the time required for the capacitor C to be fully charged, i.e., when the output of the pressure switch module 700 is equal to zero voltage, it indicates that the stressed surface of the stressed button AN of the monitoring unit in the grain stack is stressed by more than or equal to 5 kgf or/and it indicates that the normally closed contacts are on and maintained until the current time is long.

Because the monitoring unit arranged in the grain stack is in a static state at ordinary times, and the time of the static state is far longer than the time required for filling the capacitor C, the monitoring unit in the grain stack is in the static state at ordinary times, and the output of the pressure switch module 700 is equal to zero voltage no matter how large the stress of the stress surface of the stress button AN is.

Therefore, when the monitoring unit is arranged in the grain pile, the stress of the stress surface of the stress button AN of the upper layer is ensured to be more than or equal to 5 kilograms.

Because the current behaviors of turning over the granary, discharging the grains and preventing burglary are captured in real time, the interruption service program module is set to be low-level response interruption in the process of responding to the output of the fifth field-effect tube Q5, and the current granary turning over, discharging the grains or stealing the grains is determined when the output of the fifth field-effect tube Q5 is responded to the interruption; and the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is not responded to, and the grain is determined not to be turned over and discharged at present and is not stolen.

After the power-on position of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 in the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 is initialized, a high level is immediately output to the gate of the fourth field-effect tube Q4, and the fourth field-effect tube Q4 is turned on, so that the sixth field-effect tube Q6 is turned on/kept on; when an interruption application is sent out by the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5, the pressure switch module 700 is determined to have output information, which indicates that the grain is being turned over or put away or the grain is stolen at present, the interruption application output by the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is shielded, the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is controlled to be switched off, the pressure switch module 700 is uploaded to have output information to an information receiving and sending control terminal, and otherwise, the grain is determined not to be turned over or put away at present and the grain is not stolen.

And responding to the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 to send an interrupt application, and simultaneously shielding the temperature and humidity detection and the battery full charge identification until the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 loses power.

The indicator lamp 460 is used for identifying that the barn is turned or the grain is discharged at the position during the barn turning and grain discharging, and the indicator lamp flashes and lights up, so that the corresponding monitoring unit can be found conveniently in the barn turning and grain discharging processes.

The information receiving and transmitting control terminal is embedded with a storehouse turning quality evaluation program module and a grading alarm program module according to the stealing amount. And executing a bin turning quality evaluation program module when the time period is set to be bin turning, and executing a grading alarm program module according to the theft amount when the time period is set to be anti-theft.

When the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 uploads the output information of the pressure switch module 700 to the information transceiving control terminal, the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 waits for the response information of the information transceiving control terminal to the information transceiving control terminal, when the time period is set as turning over or discharging, no matter turning over or discharging, the turning over/discharging identification code is fed back to the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 in the corresponding monitoring unit in a unified manner, and if the time period is the turning over time period, the turning over quality is judged; when the time period is set to be anti-theft, the anti-theft identification code is fed back to the corresponding temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 in the monitoring unit, and the warning prompt of theft is given; and if the grain release time period is the grain release time period, no evaluation is performed.

The temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 recognizes that the feedback is the silo turning/grain discharging identification code, and the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 lights the indicator lamp 460. After the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 lights the indicator lamp 460, the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 reads the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 through the digital input port, sets that the output of the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is from high level to low level when 3 times of continuous detection are detected and identified, and the time of 3 times of continuous detection is less than 10 seconds, the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 extinguishes the lighted indicator lamp 460, otherwise, keeps the indicator lamp lighted 460; after the lighted indicator lamp 460 is turned off, a low level is output to the gate of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, and the state enters a sleep state until the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 loses power.

The temperature and humidity detection processing control unit 410 recognizes that the feedback is the anti-theft identification code, outputs a low level to the gate of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, and enters a dormant state until the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 loses power.

When the information receiving and sending control terminal is in the bin turning time period set by the information receiving and sending control terminal, the bin turning quality is judged: accumulating the monitoring units which have output information and are uploaded in the grain pile in the time period, calculating the ratio of the monitoring units to the total amount of the monitoring units arranged in the grain pile, and setting the ratio as follows: the total occupancy rate of the output information is set to be used as an evaluation index of the turning quality, the higher the total occupancy rate of the output information is, the better the turning quality is determined, and the contrary is. The invention sets the following steps: when the total proportion of the output information reaches more than or equal to 95%, the quality of turning over the bin is determined to be excellent; the total proportion of the output information is more than or equal to 85 percent and less than 95 percent, and the quality of turning over the bin is qualified; the total occupied ratio of the output information is less than 85%, and the quality of the turnover bin is determined to be unqualified.

When the information receiving and transmitting control terminal is in the anti-theft time period set by the information receiving and transmitting control terminal, alarm grading judgment is carried out: setting a specified time length, accumulating the monitoring units which have the output information uploaded within the specified time length, calculating the ratio of the monitoring units to the total amount of the monitoring units arranged in the grain pile, and setting the ratio as follows: the score occupation ratio of the output information is set, the score occupation ratio of the output information is used as an evaluation index of alarm grading, the higher the score occupation ratio of the output information in a short time is, the serious theft in the time is determined, the alarm frequency is increased, the higher the top level of upward alarm layer by layer is, and the opposite is realized. Examples are: if it is assumed that: the lowest level is specific staff, the middle level is a specific management layer, and the highest level is a local government and a local citizen; the invention sets the specified time length to be 4 hours, and sets the following parameters: the percentage of the output information is less than 1 percent (and more than 0), only alarming the specific staff of the lowest level, and 2 times per day until the theft prevention is relieved; if the proportion of the output information reaches more than or equal to 1 percent and less than 5 percent, alarming to specific staff at the lowest level and alarming to a specific management layer at the middle level, wherein the alarming times are increased to 4 times every day until the theft prevention is removed; the proportion ratio of the output information reaches more than or equal to 5 percent, except for the specific staff at the lowest level and the specific management layer at the middle level, the alarm is also given to the local government and the citizen at the highest level, and the number of the alarm is increased to 6 times per day until the theft prevention is relieved. The alarm can be displayed through terminals such as a mobile phone, a television, a network and the like.

After the medium temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 in the monitoring unit is powered on to control the conduction of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, and when the interruption application output by the fifth field effect transistor Q5 is responded, the control of the disconnection of the fourth field effect transistor Q4 is taken over, wherein the control is determined by the warehouse turning/grain discharging identification code and the anti-theft identification code returned by the information transceiving control terminal, otherwise, the control is determined by the original function. The original function is determined as follows: after the tasks of detecting, identifying and uploading the temperature, the humidity and the battery E full charge mark are finished, outputting a low level to a grid electrode of a fourth field effect transistor Q4; after outputting the low level to the gate of the fourth field effect transistor Q4, if the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 does not lose power, the temperature and humidity detection and uploading continues until the temperature and humidity acquisition module 400 loses power.

And the information receiving and transmitting control terminal processes the received temperature and humidity information and performs corresponding cooling and dehumidifying control according to the result.

The process of distributing the monitoring units into the grain pile is as follows: and in the grain stacking process, the monitoring units are placed from bottom to top in a layer thickness of 1.5 meters vertically, the monitoring units are placed on each layer at intervals of less than 5 meters, and the corresponding ID numbers of the monitoring units specifically placed on a set layer are recorded into a granary management system.

Claims

1. A monitoring unit is a sensing monitoring unit arranged in a grain pile at the tail end of a granary monitoring and management system, and is connected with an excitation/charging source module and an information transceiving control terminal which are arranged in the same granary through a wireless mode; it is characterized in that the monitoring unit comprises: the device comprises a rectification module, a demodulation and decoding control module, a battery charging module, a temperature and humidity acquisition module, a temperature-sensitive switch, a pressure switch module, a low-frequency antenna, a battery, a first field-effect tube, a second field-effect tube, a third field-effect tube, a fourth field-effect tube, a fifth field-effect tube, a sixth field-effect tube and a seventh field-effect tube; the low-frequency antenna is connected with an excitation/charging source module in the granary in a wireless mode and receives an excitation/charging source signal sent by the excitation/charging source module; the low-frequency antenna is respectively connected with the input of the rectifying module and the input of the demodulation and decoding control module; the output of the rectification module is respectively connected with the power input of the demodulation decoding control module and the source electrode of the third field effect transistor, the drain electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected with the input of the battery charging module, the gate electrode of the third field effect transistor is connected with the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, the gate electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected with one output of the demodulation decoding control module, and the source electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected with the cathode of the battery; the charging output of the battery charging module is connected with the input of the pressure switch module in parallel and then is connected to the positive electrode of the battery; one signal output of the battery charging module is connected with the input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module, and the other signal output of the battery charging module is connected with the input of the demodulation and decoding control module; the grid electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with the other output of the demodulation decoding control module, and the source electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with the cathode of the battery; the output of the pressure switch module is connected with a gate electrode of a fifth field effect transistor; the source electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the grid electrode of the fourth field effect transistor is connected with the output of the temperature and humidity acquisition module, and the source electrode of the fourth field effect transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; a source electrode of the sixth field effect tube, a source electrode of the seventh field effect tube and one end of the temperature-sensitive switch are mutually connected in parallel and then connected with the anode of the battery, a drain electrode of the sixth field effect tube, a drain electrode of the seventh field effect tube and the other end of the temperature-sensitive switch are mutually connected in parallel and then connected to the power input of the temperature-humidity acquisition module, and a grid electrode of the sixth field effect tube is mutually connected in parallel with a drain electrode of the first field effect tube and a drain electrode of the fourth field effect tube; the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the gate electrode of the seventh field effect transistor, and leads from the connecting wire to the interrupt input and the digital input of the temperature and humidity acquisition module; the temperature and humidity acquisition module is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal in a wireless mode; the negative electrode of the power supply of the rectifying module, the negative electrode of the power supply of the battery charging module, the negative electrode of the power supply of the temperature and humidity acquisition module and the negative electrode of the power supply of the pressure switch module are connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the first field effect transistor, the second field effect transistor, the fourth field effect transistor and the fifth field effect transistor are all N-channel enhanced MOS transistors; the third field effect transistor, the sixth field effect transistor and the seventh field effect transistor are all P-channel enhanced MOS transistors.

2. A monitoring unit according to claim 1, characterized in that said pressure switch module comprises: a first pressure acquisition unit, a second pressure acquisition unit, a third pressure acquisition unit, a resistor R2; after the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit are connected in parallel, the input of the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit is connected to the anode of the battery, and the output of the first pressure obtaining unit, the second pressure obtaining unit and the third pressure obtaining unit is connected to one end of a resistor R2 and the gate of a fifth field effect transistor respectively; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the negative pole of the battery.

3. A monitoring unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure obtaining unit comprises: the device comprises a resistor R1, a stress button, a capacitor C and a diode D; the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected with one end of the resistor R1 in parallel and then is connected with the input end, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the normally open contact of the stress button in series and then is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor C; the negative electrode of the capacitor C is connected with the normally closed contact of the stress button in series and then is connected with the anode of the diode D, and the cathode of the diode D is connected with the output end.

4. The monitoring unit according to claim 1, wherein the temperature and humidity acquisition module comprises a temperature and humidity detection processing control unit, a wireless transceiver unit, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a high-frequency antenna and an indicator light; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is sequentially connected with the wireless transceiving unit and the high-frequency antenna in series and then is connected with the information transceiving control terminal in a wireless mode; the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a drain electrode of a fifth field effect transistor and a battery charging module in an input mode; the output of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit is connected with a grid and an indicator light of a fourth field effect tube; and the drain electrode of the fifth field effect transistor is connected with the interrupt input and the digital input of the temperature and humidity detection processing control unit.

5. The monitoring unit according to claim 1, wherein the granary monitoring and management system comprises a granary management information system arranged in a monitoring center, an information transceiving control terminal, a monitoring unit, an excitation/charging source module and corresponding cooling, dehumidifying and ventilating equipment, wherein the information transceiving control terminal, the monitoring unit and the excitation/charging source module are arranged in each granary; the system comprises an information receiving and transmitting control terminal of each granary, a monitoring unit, an excitation/charging source module, a low-frequency wireless mode and a wireless or wired mode, wherein the information receiving and transmitting control terminal of each granary is connected with a granary management information system through a communication network, the information receiving and transmitting control terminal is connected with cooling, dehumidifying and ventilating equipment through control signals, the monitoring unit is connected with the information receiving and transmitting control terminal of the same granary in a high-frequency wireless mode, and the excitation/charging source module is connected with the monitoring unit of the same granary in a low-frequency wireless mode.

6. A monitoring unit according to claim 3, characterized in that said capacitor C is a tantalum capacitor or a niobium capacitor.

7. A monitoring unit according to claim 3, wherein the force-receiving button is a two-way contact switch, one of which is normally open and the other of which is normally closed.

8. A method for implementing a monitoring unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

the monitoring units are arranged in the bearing box, and stress surfaces of stress buttons in the three pressure acquisition units are respectively arranged on panels in three directions of coaxial stress of the bearing box in a concave mode;