CN109738104A - Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109738104A CN109738104A CN201910186320.3A CN201910186320A CN109738104A CN 109738104 A CN109738104 A CN 109738104A CN 201910186320 A CN201910186320 A CN 201910186320A CN 109738104 A CN109738104 A CN 109738104A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and method.The device includes pressure sensor, signal regulating device, data acquisition device, now server, now display device and remote monitoring system；For pressure sensor for being arranged between the nut of bolt and top cover upper surface, what pressure sensor can obtain bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；Now Digital Signal Processing can be bolt strained data and store bolt strained data by server, and when bolt strained data are more than preset value, now server is alarmed；Remote monitoring system can obtain bolt strained data.Do not change bolt and associated connecting member structure, under the premise of not reducing structural strength and rigidity, can quickly and accurately measure closure stud stress data.Above-mentioned apparatus in-site installation is simple and fast, is suitable for closure stud stress and monitors on-line for a long time, can effective guarantee hydraulic turbine critical structural component safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to monitoring device technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device, and
A kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring method.
Background technique
Relative to steam turbine, the working medium density of the hydraulic turbine is big, and flow field is more complicated, therefore, the runner envelope stress of the hydraulic turbine
Complex.Top cover is the important component of the hydraulic turbine, primarily serves fixed water distributor, bears the effect of axial load.It is complicated
Variable amplitude loading makes its attachment bolt mechanical strength and fatigue strength by baptism.Top cover attachment bolt is generally double end spiral shell
Column, stud central setting, which pre-tightens, measures metering-orifice, and scene, which pre-tightens, usually to be determined by measurement bolt elongate amount.The hydraulic turbine at present
In the design of top cover attachment bolt, individually bolt is checked by the intensity under dead weight only, does not account for alternating download
The influence that lotus effect on the coupling generates stress state suffered by bolt.Live typically directly monitoring bolt vibration values, with vibration
For dynamic value as the foundation for judging safety work, no effective means is monitored top cover attachment bolt stress, can not be comprehensive
Reflect closure stud dynamic characteristic.Also there is part Hydropower Unit domestic and international recent years and water logging occur because closure stud is broken
The major accident of workshop, such as power station Sa Yang of Russia.
A kind of patent of invention " intelligent bolt device (publication number: CN for monitoring bolt connection dynamic stress situation
The stress variation of the piezoelectric ceramic piece measure of the change bolt on bolt 106402124A) " is pasted using monitoring ultrasonic.Invention
Patent " the monitoring system (publication number: CN 206177497U) of bolt " utilizes supersonic sensing in bolt head pasted with ceramic veneer piece
Device measures stress variation of the bolt in axial elongation.A kind of patent of invention " the bolt strained monitoring of fiber Bragg grating type structure connection
Sensor and method (publication number: CN104089729B) ", it is elongated by being set respectively at left and right sides of plain bolt single screw rod
Groove, is respectively implanted into a microgratings formula sensor in groove, and signal passes through what nut corresponding position was opened after being drawn by optical fiber
Aperture is drawn from nut top surface, carries out remote real-time monitoring to the stress of bolt.Patent of invention " dynamometry bolt (publication number:
CN106706189 A) " drill in bolt head, strain gauge is then encapsulated in hole, by the measure of the change bolt of strain gauge by
Power.
From the point of view of existing patent search result, current bolt strained monitoring method can be divided into three classes, and one kind is in spiral shell
Pasted with ceramic veneer piece on bolt is measured using the time difference that ultrasonic wave is propagated in the medium, and such measurement method can realize lossless monitoring
Survey, but the requirement due to ultrasonic device to environment is relatively high, in long-term monitoring process, the ultrasonic device service life compared with
Difference, and its response speed is lower, is not suitable for the on-line monitoring of power station closure stud year in year out.Second class method is in spiral shell
It is punched in bolt, strain gauge or fibre optical sensor is installed in hole, it is good that such method measures bolt strained corresponding speed, precision
Height, but aperture will reduce the intensity of bolt in bolt, in already installed equipment, be difficult to assess it to bolt safety
Influence, so being not suitable for this already installed equipment in power station.Third class method is by hold-down bolt
It is set with piezoelectric transducer, but sensors with auxiliary electrode can not use steadily in the long term.It is this for power station closure stud to have installed
The long-term on-line monitoring of the stress of good equipment has to look for suitable method, neither reduces the intensity of original structure, and be suitable for
On-line monitoring year in year out, and response speed and precision are also higher.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring devices, to solve bolt in the prior art
The technical issues of monitoring device destroys bolt strength and is difficult to long term monitoring.
Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided by the invention, including pressure sensor, signal regulating device, data are adopted
Acquisition means, now server, now display device and remote monitoring system；
The pressure sensor, the signal regulating device, the data acquisition device and now the server are successively
Connection, now the display device and the remote monitoring system are connect with now the server respectively；
For the pressure sensor for being arranged between the nut of bolt and top cover upper surface, the pressure sensor can
Obtain bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；
The signal regulating device can receive analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；
The data acquisition device can convert digital signal for the analog electrical signal of amplification；
Digital Signal Processing can be bolt strained data and store bolt strained data by now the server, in spiral shell
When bolt stress data is more than preset value, now the server alarm；
Now the display device can obtain and show bolt strained data；The remote monitoring system can obtain spiral shell
Bolt stress data.
Further, the pressure sensor uses hollow ring structure washer type sensor, and the pressure sensor is
Ess-strain formula pressure sensor, and the material of the pressure sensor is stainless steel.
Further, the pressure sensor is multiple, and multiple pressure sensors are filled with the signal condition respectively
Connection is set, each pressure sensor is separately positioned on a bolt.
Further, the signal regulating device can improve analog electrical signal as 4-20mA current signal, 0-10V
Analog signal, ± 5V analog signal or ± 10V analog signal, the conversion circuit of the signal regulating device are full analog circuit,
And the signal regulating device has filter function.
Further, the sample frequency of the data acquisition device is greater than or equal to 1kHz, the data acquisition device
Port number is greater than or equal to 4, and the resolution ratio of the data acquisition device is greater than or equal to 12bit, the data acquisition device tool
There is a single-ended and Differential Input function, the data acquisition device has USB interface or a pci interface, in the data acquisition device
Set frequency overlapped-resistable filter.
Further, the bolt working strength that the preset value is 0.8 times；In the event of bolt strained data and water turbine set
When barrier value is identical, now the server alarm, the type of alarm of now the server uses acousto-optic electric alarm.
Further, the display device uses liquid crystal display, and the display device has touch function；It is described remote
Range monitoring system is communicated using industrial ethernet protocol with now server by interchanger.
The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring methods, comprising the following steps:
Pressure sensor acquisition bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；
Signal regulating device receives analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；
The analog electrical signal of amplification is converted digital signal by data acquisition device；
Now Digital Signal Processing is bolt strained data and stores bolt strained data by server, in bolt strained number
When according to being more than preset value, now server is alarmed；
Now display device obtains and shows bolt strained data；The remote monitoring system obtains bolt strained data.
Further, now the server using Time Domain Analysis and frequency-domain analysis method to digital signal at
Reason and storage.
Further, Time Domain Analysis includes: virtual value analysis, peakology, kurtosis analysis and nargin analysis；
Frequency-domain analysis method includes: frequency spectrum point and power spectrumanalysis.
Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided by the invention, pressure sensor are arranged on the nut and top cover of bolt
Between surface, do not change bolt and associated connecting member structure, under the premise of not reducing structural strength and rigidity, can quickly,
Accurately measure closure stud stress data.In-site installation is simple and fast, is suitable for closure stud stress and monitors on-line for a long time, can
The safety of effective guarantee hydraulic turbine critical structural component.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the installation diagram of pressure sensor in water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1- pressure sensor；2- signal regulating device；3- data acquisition device；Existing the server of 4-；5-
Now display device；6- interchanger；7- remote monitoring system；8- bolt；9- top cover.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described implementation
Example is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill
Personnel's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that such as occur term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right",
"vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outside" etc., indicated by orientation or positional relationship be orientation based on the figure or position
Relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have
There is specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, as occurred
Term " first ", is used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance " second ".Wherein, term
" first position " and " second position " is two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.
The present invention provides a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and methods, and multiple embodiments are given below to this hair
The water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and method of bright offer are described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, including pressure sensor 1,
Signal regulating device 2, data acquisition device 3, now server 4, now display device 5 and remote monitoring system 7；Pressure sensing
Device 1, signal regulating device 2, data acquisition device 3 and now server 4 is sequentially connected, now display device 5 and long-range monitoring
System 7 is connect with existing ground server 4 respectively；Pressure sensor 1 is used to be arranged between 9 upper surface of nut and top cover of bolt 8,
What pressure sensor 1 can obtain bolt 8 is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt 8；Signal tune
Reason device 2 can receive analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；Data acquisition device 3 can will be put
Big analog electrical signal is converted into digital signal；Now Digital Signal Processing can be 8 stress data of bolt and stored up by server 4
8 stress data of bolt is deposited, when 8 stress data of bolt is more than preset value, now server 4 is alarmed；Now display device 5 can
It obtains and shows 8 stress data of bolt；Remote monitoring system 7 can obtain 8 stress data of bolt.
It not only can get the real-time stress data of 9 bolt 8 of water-turbine top cover, but also can be by now server 4 to stress
Data carry out time and frequency domain analysis, are compared with fault signature, determine whether 8 working condition of bolt is normal, can also be to spiral shell
Bolt 8 carries out damage measurement and durability analysis, greatly reduces due to the failure bring safety accident risk of bolt 8.
Further, pressure sensor 1 uses hollow ring structure washer type sensor, and pressure sensor 1 is answered for stress
Variant pressure sensor 1,1 hollow diameters of pressure sensor, outer diameter, height and foil gauge are according to in-site installation situation, surveyed spiral shell
8 size of bolt and measuring accuracy require customization, and sensor guard grade is not less than IP65, and the material of pressure sensor 1 is stainless
Steel, can anticorrosion.
1 hollow diameters of pressure sensor are φ 65mm, outer diameter φ 180mm, height 60mm in the present embodiment.Sensor guard
Grade is IP65, range 2500KN, sensitivity 2mV/V.
Further, pressure sensor 1 is multiple, and multiple pressure sensors 1 are connect with signal regulating device 2 respectively, often
A pressure sensor 1 is separately positioned on a bolt 8.
In the present embodiment, 1 quantity of pressure sensor is 8, and 8 pressure sensors 1 are arranged symmetrically, each pressure sensor
1 respectively corresponds setting on a bolt 8.
Further, the millivolt level analog electrical signal conditioning that pressure sensor 1 exports can be by signal regulating device 2
4-20mA current signal, 0-10V analog signal, ± 5V analog signal or ± 10V analog signal, signal regulating device 2 turn
Changing circuit is full analog circuit, A/D sampler is not used, and signal regulating device 2 has filter function, according to use occasion
Difference has low pass or band-pass filtering function.When using low-pass filtering, filter cutoff frequency 2kHz.
Further, the sample frequency of data acquisition device 3 is greater than or equal to 1kHz, the port number of data acquisition device 3
More than or equal to 4, the resolution ratio of data acquisition device 3 is greater than or equal to 12bit, and data acquisition device 3 has single-ended and difference
Input function, data acquisition device 3 have USB interface or pci interface, frequency overlapped-resistable filter built in data acquisition device 3.
Wherein, server 4 is communicated with data acquisition device 3 now, using signal time and frequency domain analysis method pair
The collected digital signal of data acquisition device 3 is handled and is stored.And send existing ground display device 5 to show processing result,
After associated eigenvalue is exceeded, alarm.
Wherein, Time Domain Analysis includes: virtual value (real-time stress size), peak value, kurtosis, nargin.Frequency-domain analysis side
Method includes: spectrum analysis, power spectrumanalysis.
Further, 8 working strength of bolt that preset value is 0.8 times；In the failure of bolt 8 stress data and water turbine set
When being worth identical, now server 4 is alarmed.
Specifically, it alarms, alarms when 8 stress data virtual value of bolt is more than or equal to 0.8 times of 8 working strength of bolt
Mode is using acousto-optic-electric mode (flashing of display device numerical value and buzzer sounding)；When 8 stress data of bolt and water turbine set
When fault value is identical, equally alarm.
Further, display device uses liquid crystal display, and display device has touch function, and reception comes from and now takes
The signal of business device 4.
Further, remote monitoring system 7 by interchanger 6 using modbusTCP/IP agreement and existing server 4 into
Row communication, obtains 8 stress data of bolt in real time, after the exceeded alarm of 8 stress data of bolt, notifies relevant operation personnel.
Nut and the top of bolt 8 is arranged in water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device provided in this embodiment, pressure sensor 1
Between 9 upper surface of lid, do not change bolt 8 and associated connecting member structure, it, can under the premise of not reducing structural strength and rigidity
Quickly and accurately measure 9 bolt of top cover, 8 stress data.In-site installation is simple and fast, is suitable for 9 bolt of top cover, 8 stress and exists for a long time
Line monitoring, can effective guarantee hydraulic turbine critical structural component safety.
Embodiment 2
Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring method provided in this embodiment, the water-turbine top cover bolt provided using embodiment 1
Monitoring device, comprising the following steps:
Pressure sensor acquisition bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；
Signal regulating device receives analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；
The analog electrical signal of amplification is converted digital signal by data acquisition device；
Now Digital Signal Processing is bolt strained data and stores bolt strained data by server, in bolt strained number
When according to being more than preset value, now server is alarmed；
Now display device obtains and shows bolt strained data；The remote monitoring system obtains bolt strained data.
It not only can get the real-time stress data of 9 bolt 8 of water-turbine top cover, but also can be by now server 4 to stress
Data carry out time and frequency domain analysis, are compared with fault signature, determine whether 8 working condition of bolt is normal, can also be to spiral shell
Bolt 8 carries out damage measurement and durability analysis, greatly reduces due to the failure bring safety accident risk of bolt 8.Pressure sensing
Device 1 is arranged between 9 upper surface of nut and top cover of bolt 8, does not change bolt 8 and associated connecting member structure, does not reduce knot
Under the premise of structure strength and stiffness, 9 bolt of top cover, 8 stress data can be quickly and accurately measured.In-site installation is simple and fast,
Be suitable for 9 bolt of top cover, 8 stress to monitor on-line for a long time, can effective guarantee hydraulic turbine critical structural component safety.
Further, now the server using Time Domain Analysis and frequency-domain analysis method to digital signal at
Reason and storage.
Wherein, Time Domain Analysis includes: virtual value analysis, peakology, kurtosis analysis and nargin analysis；Frequency-domain analysis
Method includes: frequency spectrum point and power spectrumanalysis.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device, which is characterized in that including pressure sensor, signal regulating device, data
Acquisition device, now server, now display device and remote monitoring system；
The pressure sensor, the signal regulating device, the data acquisition device and now the server are sequentially connected,
Now the display device and the remote monitoring system are connect with now the server respectively；
For being arranged between the nut of bolt and top cover upper surface, the pressure sensor can obtain the pressure sensor
Bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；
The signal regulating device can receive analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；
The data acquisition device can convert digital signal for the analog electrical signal of amplification；
Digital Signal Processing can be bolt strained data and store bolt strained data by now the server, bolt by
When force data is more than preset value, now the server alarm；
Now the display device can obtain and show bolt strained data；The remote monitoring system can obtain bolt by
Force data.
2. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure sensor uses
Hollow ring structure washer type sensor, the pressure sensor are ess-strain formula pressure sensor, and the pressure sensing
The material of device is stainless steel.
3. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure sensor is more
A, multiple pressure sensors are connect with the signal regulating device respectively, and each pressure sensor is separately positioned on
On one bolt.
4. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal regulating device energy
Enough improve analog electrical signal simulates letter for 4-20mA current signal, 0-10V analog signal, ± 5V analog signal or ± 10V
Number, the conversion circuit of the signal regulating device is full analog circuit, and the signal regulating device has filter function.
5. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data acquisition device
Sample frequency is greater than or equal to 1kHz, and the port number of the data acquisition device is greater than or equal to 4, the data acquisition device
Resolution ratio is greater than or equal to 12bit, and the data acquisition device has the function of single-ended and Differential Input, the data acquisition device
With USB interface or pci interface, frequency overlapped-resistable filter built in the data acquisition device.
6. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preset value is 0.8 times
Bolt working strength；When bolt strained data are identical as the fault value of water turbine set, now the server alarm is described
Now the type of alarm of server uses acousto-optic electric alarm.
7. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the display device uses liquid
Crystal display, and the display device has touch function；The remote monitoring system uses Industrial Ethernet by interchanger
Agreement is communicated with now server.
8. a kind of water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
Pressure sensor acquisition bolt is converted into analog electrical signal by force information by force information, and by bolt；
Signal regulating device receives analog electrical signal, and analog electrical signal is improved and amplified；
The analog electrical signal of amplification is converted digital signal by data acquisition device；
Now Digital Signal Processing is bolt strained data and stores bolt strained data by server, super in bolt strained data
When crossing preset value, now server is alarmed；
Now display device obtains and shows bolt strained data；Remote monitoring system obtains bolt strained data.
9. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that now the server uses
Time Domain Analysis and frequency-domain analysis method are handled and are stored to digital signal.
10. water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that Time Domain Analysis includes:
Virtual value analysis, peakology, kurtosis analysis and nargin analysis；
Frequency-domain analysis method includes: frequency spectrum point and power spectrumanalysis.
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| CN201910186320.3A CN109738104A (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Water-turbine top cover bolt monitoring device and method |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110207916A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-06 | 杭州中车车辆有限公司 | A kind of subway centrepin bolt vibration accelerated test method and device |
| CN110285955A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-27 | 贵州北盘江电力股份有限公司董箐分公司 | Top cover of hydraulic turbine set bolt and nut loosens detection device and method |
| CN110361127A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-22 | 成都大汇智联科技有限公司 | Hydroelectric facility fault monitoring method based on audio frequency characteristics |
| CN110660197A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-07 | 国网新源水电有限公司富春江水力发电厂 | Real-time alarm method and system for working condition of water turbine top cover bolt |
| CN111323158A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-23 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | Real-time stress monitoring system of coupling bolt and safety coefficient detection method |
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