CN109732034B - Forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the processes of heat treatment before forging and forging; the pre-forging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the blank to 980-1020 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-1.5 h; then heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for 10-15 h; the forging process comprises the following steps: the forging is carried out by multiple fire times, a temperature compensation device of a forging press is adopted for heating during forging, and the finish forging temperature of each fire time is controlled to be 950 ℃ or above. The process has the advantages that through the heat treatment process, the precipitated phase in the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is redissolved, the grain boundary embrittlement phase is reduced, and the forging cracking caused by the weakening of the grain boundary is eliminated; the temperature compensation device is used for compensating the temperature of the material, the temperature uniformity of the forge piece is increased according to the position of the forge piece with higher temperature reduction rate, and the internal stress of the forge piece caused by temperature difference can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the duration time of each firing time is prolonged, and the production and processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal forging process, in particular to a forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel.
Background
The nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel uses nitrogen to replace expensive metal nickel so as to stabilize an austenite phase region and reduce production cost, and meanwhile, the nitrogen increases the strength of the stainless steel in a solid solution strengthening mode. Because of its many advantages, austenitic stainless steel containing nitrogen has a wide prospect. However, the production of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is limited, and one important factor is the hot working of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel. The heat treatment process is not good, so that a precipitated phase exists at the grain boundary of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel, the plasticity of the grain boundary is weakened, and the forging cracking is caused. In the hot forging process, because the forging temperature window is small, the optimal temperature range is 950-1170 ℃, and when the temperature is lower than the temperature range, the thermoplasticity of the material can be reduced, so that the forging cracking phenomenon can occur by carelessness in the forging process, and the production progress and yield of the material are seriously influenced. And the temperature interval is narrow, so that the forging time of each heat is reduced, the forging heat and the production period are increased, and the production cost and labor force are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel with good thermoplasticity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: which comprises the processes of heat treatment before forging and forging; the pre-forging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the blank to 980-1020 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-1.5 h; then heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for 10-15 h;
the forging process comprises the following steps: the forging is carried out by multiple fire times, a temperature compensation device of a forging press is adopted for heating during forging, and the finish forging temperature of each fire time is controlled to be 950 ℃ or above.
The blank is heated to 980-1020 ℃ at a speed of 200-300 ℃/h.
The blank is heated to 1140-1160 ℃ at a speed of 100-150 ℃/h.
In the forging process, the blank after forging and pressing each time is returned to the furnace for temperature compensation; the furnace returning and temperature supplementing method comprises the following steps: heating the blank to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for 40-60 min.
The nitrogen content of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is 0.1-0.5%.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: through the heat treatment process, the precipitated phase in the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel can be redissolved, the grain boundary embrittlement phase is reduced, and the forging cracking caused by the weakening of the grain boundary is eliminated; the temperature compensation device is used for compensating the temperature of the material in the forging process, the temperature uniformity of the forging is improved according to the position of the forging with higher temperature reduction rate, and the internal stress of the forging caused by temperature difference can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the duration time of each heating is prolonged, the number of forging heating is reduced, labor force is liberated, forging time is saved, the working time of a heating furnace is shortened, production cost is reduced, and production and machining efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a temperature compensating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of a forged product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a forged product of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure view of a forged product of example 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-power supply system, 2-temperature measuring device, 3-electromagnetic induction coil, 4-forging stock, 5-temperature control valve, 6-moving trolley and 7-forging press base.
Detailed Description
The forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel comprises the processes of heat treatment before forging and forging; the process of each process is as follows: (1) the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02 to 0.55 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Si, 8.0 to 10.0 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 4.5 percent of Ni, 19.0 to 22.0 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
(2) Heat treatment before forging: heating the blank to 980-1020 ℃ at a speed of 200-300 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-1.5 h; then heating to 1140-1160 ℃ at a speed of 100-150 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10-15 h to forge; if the forging cannot be immediately carried out due to the production site conditions, the blank can be taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and then is put into the furnace for heating before the forging is needed, the temperature is increased to 1140-1160 ℃ along with the furnace, and the temperature is kept for 5-10 h, so that the blank is ensured to be thoroughly heated.
(3) The blank after thorough heating enters a forging press for forging and pressing, a multi-fire forging mode is adopted, and the final forging temperature of each fire is controlled to be 950 ℃ or above; namely, when the temperature of the forge piece is reduced to 950 ℃ during forging or soon, the forge piece is taken out and put into a heating furnace, and the forge piece is re-heated in the heating furnace for temperature compensation; the process of returning and temperature supplementing is as follows: and (3) returning the blank to a heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 1140-1160 ℃, heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and then preserving the heat for 40-60 min.
And during forging, the temperature of the blank is compensated by using a temperature compensating device. As shown in fig. 1, the temperature compensating device is provided with a power supply system 1, a temperature control valve 5, a temperature measuring device 2, a movable trolley 6 and an electromagnetic induction coil 3; the heating mode is induction heating, the inside of the heated material generates current by an electromagnetic induction method, and the heating purpose is achieved by means of the energy of the eddy current. The power supply system 1, the temperature control valve 5 and the temperature measuring device 2 are arranged on the movable trolley, so that the movable trolley can be conveniently moved, and the positions can be flexibly moved according to the use condition. The temperature compensating device can monitor the temperature of the forging stock in real time through the temperature measuring device 2; the temperature control valve 5 is connected with the temperature measuring device 2, receives temperature information feedback provided by the temperature measuring device 2, and sends an instruction to the power supply system 1 of the electromagnetic induction coil 3 according to the feedback information. The power supply system 1 is electrified after receiving the instruction, and the blank is subjected to temperature compensation by the electromagnetic induction coil 3. Before the first fire is forged, the heating device can be lowered, and the electromagnetic induction coil 3 is used for preheating the forging press base 7 to 150-200 ℃; the heat of the forging stock is prevented from being absorbed when the base is contacted with the hot forging stock due to the over low temperature, the temperature of the stock is reduced, and the adverse effect on the forging is prevented.
Example (b): in the following examples, the contents of the specific components of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel used are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: composition (wt) of stainless steel of each example
Example 1: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel electroslag cast ingot, the size is phi 300mm × 450mm, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the process comprises the steps of heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 300 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 15h, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, loading into a heating furnace in front of a forging press, heating to 1160 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 5h, and ensuring the blank to be thoroughly heated.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, checking equipment and lines, setting a temperature interval of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a forging press base by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 150 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by using a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by using the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, continuing to supplement the temperature of the forging blank by using a first fire for 3 minutes, wherein the deformation amount is 40mm, the finish forging temperature is 961 ℃, returning to 1150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, continuing to continue for 3 minutes, the deformation amount is 38mm, reducing the temperature of the blank to 953 ℃, supplementing the temperature by using the return furnace heat preservation process, chamfering when third fire starts, continuing to forge for 2.5 minutes, forging the blank to 180 × mm, keeping the finish forging temperature to 959 ℃, supplementing the temperature by using the return furnace heat preservation process, finishing chamfering when fourth fire starts, continuing to forge for 2.5 minutes, finishing forging at 952 ℃, keeping the temperature by using the return furnace heat preservation process, continuing to adjust the temperature to × ℃, and the temperature after forging is finished.
The surface quality of the forged blank obtained in this example was good, and the microstructure was observed by sampling, and as shown in FIG. 2, the crystal grain size was uniform and fine, and the average crystal grain size was about 70 μm.
Example 2: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is a nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel forging stock with the size of 150mm × 150mm × 200mm, and the stock is subjected to heat treatment by the process of heating to 1020 ℃ at the speed of 250 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, preserving heat for 10h, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, loading into a heating furnace in front of a forging press, heating to 1150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 10h, and ensuring that the stock is thoroughly heated.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, checking equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a forging press base by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 200 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, chamfering the blank when a first fire starts, forging for 2min, reducing the blank temperature to 953 ℃, supplementing the temperature by using a tempering heat preservation process, chamfering when a third fire starts, forging for 2min, forging to × mm, controlling the finish forging temperature to 959 ℃, finishing by using the tempering heat preservation process, supplementing the chamfer when a fourth fire starts, forging for 2min, 952 the finish forging for 3580 mm, and air cooling the forging for 84 mm.
The surface quality of the forged blank obtained in this example was good, and the microstructure was observed by sampling, and as shown in FIG. 4, the crystal grain size was uniform and fine. The average grain size was about 80 μm.
Example 3: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel non-vacuum cast ingot, the size is phi 220mm × 200mm, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the process comprises the steps of heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 220 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5h, heating to 1160 ℃ at the speed of 130 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12h, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, loading into a heating furnace in front of a forging press, heating to 1150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 8h, and ensuring the blank to be thoroughly heated.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, checking equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a forging press base by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 180 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, continuously forging the forging blank by using a first fire for 2.5min, reducing the deformation amount to 955 ℃ and heating to 1140 ℃ in a furnace, then preserving heat for 50min, continuously forging the blank for 2.5min and reducing the deformation amount to 25mm, supplementing the temperature by using a furnace-returning heat preservation process, chamfering when third fire starts, continuously forging for 2.5min, forging the blank to 160 × 160mm, finally forging for 960 ℃, supplementing and finishing the temperature by using the furnace-returning heat preservation process, chamfering when fourth fire starts, continuously forging for 2min, obtaining 140 × 140 ℃ and air cooling the forged blank after finishing.
The surface quality of the forged billet obtained in this example was good, and the microstructure was observed by sampling, and as shown in FIG. 4, the crystal grain size was uniform and fine, and the average crystal grain size was 70 μm.
Example 4: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel electroslag cast ingot, the size is phi 300mm × 450mm, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the process comprises the steps of heating to 990 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.2h, heating to 1145 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 13h, and then directly loading into a forging press for forging.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, inspecting equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a base of a forging press by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 170 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by using a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by using the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, returning the forging blank to 1145 ℃ when each fire of the forging is cooled to 950-980 ℃, preserving the heat for 50min until the forging reaches 140 square of 140 × 140, straightening and finishing, and carrying out air cooling after the forging is finished.
The surface quality of the forging stock obtained in the embodiment is good, and the sampling is carried out for microstructure observation, so that the grain size is uniform and fine, and the average grain size is about 70 μm.
Example 5: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is a nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel forging stock with the size of 150mm × 150mm × 200mm, and the stock is subjected to heat treatment by the process of heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 270 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5h, heating to 1155 ℃ at the speed of 130 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12h, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, loading into a heating furnace before a forging press, heating to 1140 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 7h, and ensuring the stock to be thoroughly heated.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, inspecting equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a base of a forging press by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 150 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by using a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by using the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, returning the forging blank to 1155 ℃ when each fire of the forging is cooled to 950-990 ℃, then preserving the heat for 50min until the forging is 80 × 80mm square blank, finishing and cooling in air after forging.
The surface quality of the forging stock obtained in the embodiment is good, and the grain size is uniform and fine when the sample is taken for microstructure observation. The average grain size was about 80 μm.
Example 6: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel non-vacuum cast ingot, the size is phi 220mm × 200mm, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the process is that the temperature is increased to 1010 ℃ at the speed of 240 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 1.3h, the temperature is increased to 1140 ℃ at the speed of 125 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 14h, and then the blank is directly arranged in a forging press for forging.
The method comprises the steps of preparing work before forging, inspecting equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a base of a forging press by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 160 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by using a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by using the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, returning the forging blank to 1150 ℃ for temperature supplementation when each fire of the forging is cooled to 950-980 ℃, preserving the heat for 45min until the forging blank is a square blank of 140 × 140mm, finishing and cooling in air after forging.
The surface quality of the forging stock obtained in the embodiment is good, and the sampling is carried out for microstructure observation, so that the grain size is uniform and fine, and the average grain size is 70 μm.
Example 7: the forging process of the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is specifically described as follows.
The forging material is nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel electroslag cast ingot, the size is phi 300mm × 450mm, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the process comprises the steps of heating to 1005 ℃ at the speed of 260 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.4h, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 135 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12h, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, loading into a front heating furnace of a forging press, heating to 1145 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 6h, and ensuring the blank to be thoroughly heated.
The method comprises the steps of preparing for work before forging, inspecting equipment and lines, setting a temperature range of 950-1170 ℃ on a temperature control valve according to blank forging requirements, preheating a base of a forging press by using an induction coil during initial forging, heating to 175 ℃, monitoring the surface temperature of a forging blank in real time by using a temperature measuring device when forging starts, rapidly supplementing the temperature of the forging blank by using the heating device according to temperature feedback information provided by the temperature measuring device, returning the forging blank to 1145 ℃ when each fire of the forging is cooled to 950-990 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50min until the forging reaches 140 square of 140 × 140, straightening and finishing, and carrying out air cooling after forging.
The surface quality of the forging stock obtained in the embodiment is good, and the sampling is carried out for microstructure observation, so that the grain size is uniform and fine, and the average grain size is about 70 μm.
Claims (2)
1. A forging process of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is characterized in that: which comprises the processes of heat treatment before forging and forging; the pre-forging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the blank to 980-1020 ℃ at a speed of 200-300 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-1.5 h; heating to 1140-1160 ℃ at a speed of 100-150 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10-15 h;
the forging process comprises the following steps: forging by adopting multiple fire times, heating by adopting a temperature compensation device of a forging press during forging, and controlling the finish forging temperature of each fire time to be 950 ℃ or above;
the nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02 to 0.55 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Si, 8.0 to 10.0 percent of Mn8, 3.5 to 4.5 percent of Ni, 19.0 to 22.0 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The forging process of a nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the forging process, the blank after forging and pressing each time is returned to the furnace for temperature compensation; the furnace returning and temperature supplementing method comprises the following steps: heating the blank to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for 40-60 min.
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| CN114713748A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 重庆市永川区益锐机械有限责任公司 | Low-carbon intelligent heating and heat-preserving device for forging |
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| JP4946758B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-06-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | High temperature austenitic stainless steel with excellent workability after long-term use |
| CN102828009A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Forging method of austenitic stainless steel forged piece for in-reactor component of nuclear power station reactor |
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