CN109732034A - A kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
A kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109732034A CN109732034A CN201811582398.9A CN201811582398A CN109732034A CN 109732034 A CN109732034 A CN 109732034A CN 201811582398 A CN201811582398 A CN 201811582398A CN 109732034 A CN109732034 A CN 109732034A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of forging technologies of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel comprising heat treatment and forging process before forging；Heat treatment process before the forging are as follows: blank is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1~1.5h；It is warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 10~15h；The forging process: using more fire time forgings, whens forging and stamping, is heated using the temperature compensation means of forging press, controls every fire time final forging temperature at 950 DEG C or more.This technique makes precipitated phase back dissolving in nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel by heat treatment process, and embrittlement of grain boundaries is mutually reduced, and eliminates the forging crack generated by grain-boundary weakness；The uniformity of forging temperature is increased according to forging temperature drop rate very fast position to material progress temperature-compensating using warm device is mended, the internal stress that forging is generated by the temperature difference can be effectively reduced；The duration for improving every fire time simultaneously, improve production and processing efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal forging technique, especially a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel.
Background technique
Nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is to replace expensive metallic nickel with nitrogen, with stable austenite phase region, reduces production
Cost, while nitrogen increases the intensity of stainless steel by way of solution strengthening.Because having the advantages that many, nitrogenous Ovshinsky
Body stainless steel has broad prospects.But the production of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is but subject to certain restrictions, one of weight
The factor wanted is exactly the hot-working of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel.Heat treatment process is bad, can make the crystalline substance of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel
There are precipitated phases at boundary, weaken crystal boundary plasticity, lead to forging crack.In hot forging process, since forging temperature window is smaller, most
Good temperature range be 950~1170 DEG C, when temperature be lower than this temperature range, the thermoplasticity of material can be reduced, therefore, forged
It is careless slightly in the process, it just will appear forging crack phenomenon, seriously affect the manufacturing schedule and lumber recovery of material.And humidity province
Between it is narrow, cause the forging time of each fire time to reduce, increase forging times and production cycle, at the same also improve production cost and
Labour.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of forging technologies of the good nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel of thermoplasticity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is: it includes the preceding heat treatment of forging and forged
Journey；Heat treatment process before the forging are as follows: blank is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1~1.5h；It is warming up to 1140~1160 again
DEG C, keep the temperature 10~15h；
The forging process: using more fire time forgings, whens forging and stamping, is heated using the temperature compensation means of forging press, and control is every
Fiery final forging temperature is at 950 DEG C or more.
Blank of the present invention is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C with 200~300 DEG C/h.
Blank of the present invention is warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C with 100~150 DEG C/h.
In forging process of the present invention, the blank after every fire time forging and stamping melts down benefit temperature；It is described to melt down benefit temperature are as follows: blank adds
Heat keeps the temperature 40~60min to 1140~1160 DEG C.
The nitrogen content of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel of the present invention is 0.1~0.5%.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that the present invention can be made nitrogenous by heat treatment process
Precipitated phase back dissolving in austenitic stainless steel, embrittlement of grain boundaries are mutually reduced, and eliminate the forging crack generated by grain-boundary weakness；It is forging
Temperature-compensating is carried out to material using benefit warm device in the process, forging temperature is increased according to the very fast position of forging temperature drop rate
Uniformity, the internal stress that forging is generated by the temperature difference can be effectively reduced；The duration for improving every fire time simultaneously, into
And forging times are reduced, labour is liberated, forging time is saved, reduces the heating furnace working time, reduces production cost, is improved
Produce and process efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is benefit temperature apparatus structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the micro-organization chart of product after the embodiment of the present invention 1 is forged；
Fig. 3 is the micro-organization chart of product after the embodiment of the present invention 2 is forged；
Fig. 4 is the micro-organization chart of product after the embodiment of the present invention 3 is forged.
In figure: 1- power supply system, 2- temperature measuring equipment, 3- electromagnetic induction coil, 4- forging stock, 5- thermostat valve, 6- are moved
Dynamic trolley, 7- forge and press machine base.
Specific embodiment
The forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel includes heat treatment and forging process before forging；The technique of each process is as follows
It is described: (1) ingredient and its mass percentage of the nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel are as follows: C 0.02%~0.55%, Si≤0.35,
Mn 8.0~10.0%, Ni 3.5%~4.5%, Cr 19.0%~22.0%, N 0.1%~0.5%, S≤0.01%, P≤0.01%, it is remaining
Amount is Fe and inevitable impurity.
(2) heat treatment before forging: blank is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C with 200~300 DEG C/h, keeps the temperature 1~1.5h；Again with 100
~150 DEG C/h is warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C, and 10~15h of heat preservation can be forged；It, can not be immediately such as because of production scene condition
Forging, can come out of the stove air-cooled, reenter stove heating before needing to forge, and be warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C with furnace, keep the temperature 5~10h, it is ensured that
Blank heat penetration.
(3) blank after heat penetration enters forging press and is forged and pressed, using more fire time forging methods, every fire time final forging temperature control
System is at 950 DEG C or more；When i.e. forging cools in forging and stamping or soon cools to 950 DEG C, takes out forging and is put into heating furnace,
Benefit temperature is melted down in heating furnace；Melting down the warm process of benefit are as follows: blank melts down the heating furnace of 1140~1160 DEG C of temperature, it is heated to 1140~
1160 DEG C, then keep the temperature 40~60min.
In forging, temperature-compensating is carried out to blank using warm device is mended.Shown in Fig. 1, mends warm device and be equipped with power supply system
1, thermostat valve 5, temperature measuring equipment 2, moving trolley 6 and electromagnetic induction coil 3；Heating method is induction heating, utilizes electromagnetic induction
Method make the material being heated inside generate electric current, by these be vortexed energy reach heating purpose.The power supply system
System 1, thermostat valve 5, temperature measuring equipment 2 are mounted on moving trolley, can be moved easily in this way, flexibly be moved position according to service condition
It sets.This benefit temperature device can carry out real-time monitoring to forging stock temperature by temperature measuring equipment 2；Thermostat valve 5 is connect with temperature measuring equipment 2,
The temperature information feedback that temperature measuring equipment 2 provides is received, and is issued according to feedback information to the power supply system 1 of electromagnetic induction coil 3
Instruction.Power supply system 1 is powered after receiving instruction, carries out mending temperature to blank using electromagnetic induction coil 3.It, can before forging the first fire
To reduce heating device, is preheated using 3 pairs of forging and stamping machine bases 7 of electromagnetic induction coil, be preheated to 150~200 DEG C；It prevents
Since base temperature is too low, forging stock heat is absorbed when contacting with hot forging base, reduces the temperature of blank, unfavorable shadow is generated to forging
It rings.
Embodiment: in following each embodiments, the specific component content of used nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: the ingredient (wt) of each embodiment stainless steel
Embodiment 1: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel electroslag ingot casting, size: Φ 300mm × 450mm.Hot place is carried out to blank
Reason, technique are as follows: be warming up to 1000 DEG C with 300 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1h；1150 DEG C are warming up to 100 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 15h；It comes out of the stove sky
It is cold.Heating furnace before loading forging press is warming up to 1160 DEG C with furnace, keeps the temperature 5h, it is ensured that blank heat penetration.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 150 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.First fire continues 3min, deflection 40mm, and final forging temperature is 961 DEG C；It melts down, is heated in furnace
To 1150 DEG C, 1h is then kept the temperature.Second fire continues 3min, deflection 38mm, and blank temperature is down to 953 DEG C；Using above-mentioned time
Furnace heat preservation method carries out mending temperature.It carries out chamfering when third fire starts, forges and continue 2.5min, blank is forged to 180 ×
190mm, final forging temperature are 959 DEG C；It carries out mending temperature using the above-mentioned heat preservation method that melts down.Chamfering when 4th fire starts, forging continue
2.5min, final forging temperature are 952 DEG C；It carries out mending temperature using the above-mentioned heat preservation method that melts down.5th fire continues 2min, forges to 140
× 140 sides simultaneously carry out the finishing such as straightening.It is air-cooled after forging.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, as shown in Fig. 2, crystallite dimension
Uniformly tiny, average grain size is about 70 μm.
Embodiment 2: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel forging stock, size: 150mm × 150mm × 200mm.Heat is carried out to blank
Processing, technique are as follows: be warming up to 1020 DEG C with 250 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1h；1150 DEG C are warming up to 120 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 10h；It comes out of the stove
It is air-cooled.Heating furnace before loading forging press is warming up to 1150 DEG C with furnace, keeps the temperature 10h, it is ensured that blank heat penetration.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 200 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.Chamfering is carried out to blank when first fire starts, forges and continues 2min, deflection 20mm, finish-forging temperature
Degree is 962 DEG C；It melts down, 1160 DEG C is heated in furnace, then keeps the temperature 40min.Second fire carries out chamfering when starting and continues 2min,
Deflection is 20mm, and blank temperature is down to 953 DEG C；It carries out mending temperature using the above-mentioned heat preservation method that melts down.It is carried out when third fire starts
Chamfering forges and continues 2min, blank is forged to 90 × 90mm, final forging temperature is 959 DEG C；Using it is above-mentioned melt down heat preservation method into
Row mends temperature.Chamfering when 4th fire starts forges and continues 2min, and final forging temperature is 952 DEG C, forges as 80 × 80mm square billet and essence
It is whole；It is air-cooled after forging.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, as shown in figure 4, crystallite dimension
It is uniformly tiny.Average grain size is about 80 μm.
Embodiment 3: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is the antivacuum ingot casting of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel, size: Φ 220mm × 200mm.Heat is carried out to blank
Processing, technique are as follows: be warming up to 1000 DEG C with 220 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1.5h；1160 DEG C are warming up to 130 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 12h；Out
Furnace is air-cooled.Heating furnace before loading forging press is warming up to 1150 DEG C with furnace, keeps the temperature 8h, it is ensured that blank heat penetration.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 180 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.One-time forging continues 2.5min, deflection 30mm, and final forging temperature is 952 DEG C；It melts down, in furnace
1140 DEG C are inside heated to, 50min is then kept the temperature.Second fire continues 2.5min, deflection 25mm, and blank temperature is down to 955 DEG C；
It carries out mending temperature using the above-mentioned heat preservation method that melts down.Carry out chamfering when third fire starts, forge and continue 2.5min, by blank forge to
160 × 160mm, final forging temperature are 960 DEG C；It carries out mending temperature using the above-mentioned heat preservation method that melts down.Chamfering when 4th fire starts, forging
Continue 2min, final forging temperature is 954 DEG C, is forged as 140 × 140mm square billet and finishing；It is air-cooled after forging.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, as shown in figure 4, crystallite dimension
Uniformly tiny, average grain size is 70 μm.
Embodiment 4: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel electroslag ingot casting, size: Φ 300mm × 450mm.Hot place is carried out to blank
Reason, technique are as follows: be warming up to 990 DEG C with 200 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1.2h；1145 DEG C are warming up to 150 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 13h；Then
Forging press is directly loadable into be forged.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 170 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.Forging carries out melting down benefit temperature when every fire forging cools to 950~980 DEG C, melts down the warm process of benefit are as follows:
Blank, which melts down, is heated to 1145 DEG C, then keeps the temperature 50min.Until forging to 140 × 140 sides and carrying out the finishing such as straightening.Forging
After it is air-cooled.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, and even grain size is tiny, puts down
Equal crystallite dimension is about 70 μm.
Embodiment 5: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel forging stock, size: 150mm × 150mm × 200mm.Heat is carried out to blank
Processing, technique are as follows: be warming up to 980 DEG C with 270 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1.5h；1155 DEG C are warming up to 130 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 12h；Out
Furnace is air-cooled.Heating furnace before loading forging press is warming up to 1140 DEG C with furnace, keeps the temperature 7h, it is ensured that blank heat penetration.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 150 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.Forging carries out melting down benefit temperature when every fire forging cools to 950~990 DEG C, melts down the warm process of benefit are as follows:
Blank, which melts down, is heated to 1155 DEG C, then keeps the temperature 50min.Until forging as 80 × 80mm square billet and finishing；It is empty after forging
It is cold.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, and even grain size is tiny.It is flat
Equal crystallite dimension is about 80 μm.
Embodiment 6: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is the antivacuum ingot casting of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel, size: Φ 220mm × 200mm.Heat is carried out to blank
Processing, technique are as follows: be warming up to 1010 DEG C with 240 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1.3h；1140 DEG C are warming up to 125 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 14h；So
After be directly loadable into forging press and forged.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 160 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.Forging carries out melting down benefit temperature when every fire forging cools to 950~980 DEG C, melts down the warm process of benefit are as follows:
Blank, which melts down, is heated to 1150 DEG C, then keeps the temperature 45min.Until forging as 140 × 140mm square billet and finishing；After forging
It is air-cooled.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, and even grain size is tiny, puts down
Equal crystallite dimension is 70 μm.
Embodiment 7: the forging technology of this nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is described in detail below.
Forged material is nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel electroslag ingot casting, size: Φ 300mm × 450mm.Hot place is carried out to blank
Reason, technique are as follows: be warming up to 1005 DEG C with 260 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 1.4h；1150 DEG C are warming up to 135 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 12h；It comes out of the stove
It is air-cooled.Heating furnace before loading forging press is warming up to 1145 DEG C with furnace, keeps the temperature 6h, it is ensured that blank heat penetration.
Preparation before forging, equipment and the inspection of line.It is required according to blank forging, the set temperature section on thermostat valve
It is 950~1170 DEG C.In initial forging, forging and stamping machine base is preheated using induction coil, is heated to 175 DEG C.Forging
When beginning, temperature measuring equipment real-time monitoring forging stock surface temperature, according to the temperature feedback information that temperature measuring equipment provides, heating device is fast
Speed carries out forging stock to mend temperature.Forging carries out melting down benefit temperature when every fire forging cools to 950~990 DEG C, melts down the warm process of benefit are as follows:
Blank, which melts down, is heated to 1145 DEG C, then keeps the temperature 50min.Until forging to 140 × 140 sides and carrying out the finishing such as straightening.Forging
After it is air-cooled.
Forging stock surface quality obtained by the present embodiment is good, and sampling carries out microstructure observation, and even grain size is tiny, puts down
Equal crystallite dimension is about 70 μm.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel, it is characterised in that: it includes heat treatment and forging process before forging；Institute
State the preceding heat treatment process of forging are as follows: blank is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1~1.5h；It is warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C again, protects
10~15h of temperature；
The forging process: using more fire time forgings, whens forging and stamping, is heated using the temperature compensation means of forging press, and control is every
Fiery final forging temperature is at 950 DEG C or more.
2. a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the blank with
200~300 DEG C/h is warming up to 980~1020 DEG C.
3. a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the blank with
100~150 DEG C/h is warming up to 1140~1160 DEG C.
4. a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to forge
Cheng Zhong, the blank after every fire time forging and stamping melt down benefit temperature；It is described to melt down benefit temperature are as follows: blank heating is to 1140~1160 DEG C, heat preservation 40
~60min.
5. a kind of forging technology of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel according to any one of claims 1-4, feature exist
In: the nitrogen content of the nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel is 0.1~0.5%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111745104A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-09 | 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 | Forging method for improving grain size of high-nitrogen stainless steel |
| CN114713748A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 重庆市永川区益锐机械有限责任公司 | Low-carbon intelligent heating and heat-preserving device for forging |
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| CN205236937U (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-18 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Forge machine compensation and heating device soon |
| CN206405363U (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-08-15 | 燕山大学 | A kind of electro plasticity hot forging device for metal bar |
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| CN1480550A (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Ultrapurification high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and its preparation method |
| JP2009084606A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel for use in high temperature superior in workability after long period of use |
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| CN111745104B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-04-29 | 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 | Forging method for improving grain size of high-nitrogen stainless steel |
| CN114713748A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 重庆市永川区益锐机械有限责任公司 | Low-carbon intelligent heating and heat-preserving device for forging |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109732034B (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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