CN109728325B - Fuel cell thermal management method and system - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal management method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109728325B CN109728325B CN201910144133.9A CN201910144133A CN109728325B CN 109728325 B CN109728325 B CN 109728325B CN 201910144133 A CN201910144133 A CN 201910144133A CN 109728325 B CN109728325 B CN 109728325B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein: the inner circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the outer circulation loop does not comprise the fuel cell stack, and the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected through a heat exchanger. The invention can meet the complex working condition requirement of the fuel cell by the multi-loop structure formed by the inner loop and the outer loop, can quickly realize the heat balance of the fuel cell system and ensures that the fuel cell works in the optimal temperature range. The invention also discloses a fuel cell thermal management method.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for thermal management of a fuel cell.
Background
The energy efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is about 50%, which indicates that about half of the chemical energy is converted to thermal energy in the electrochemical reaction. Internal heat sources increase the operating temperature of the fuel cell, improving cell output performance and catalyst activity, but excessive temperatures can also result in increased membrane "dehydration" and system degradation. Therefore, in order to ensure continuous and stable operation of the fuel cell and to have excellent performance and durability, a fuel cell thermal management system is indispensable.
The temperature characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells are mainly determined by the characteristics of proton exchange membranes, and most commonly used Nafion membranes are taken as examples, the optimal working temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells is not suitable to exceed 80 ℃, and the stability and proton conductivity of the membranes are seriously reduced when the temperature exceeds the optimal working temperature. Second, the heat generation cause of the fuel cell mainly derives from electrochemical reaction, internal resistance and water liquefaction, most of the heat is generated from the catalyst layer on the cathode side, and other parts include the proton exchange membrane and ohmic internal resistance of the conductive device, etc.
From this, it is known that the heat generation mechanism of the fuel cell itself determines the characteristics of the temperature distribution unevenness of the stack. Aiming at the temperature characteristics and the uneven temperature distribution characteristics of the fuel cell, the thermal management system is required to adjust the internal temperature of the fuel cell, ensure that the fuel cell always works in a proper temperature range and maintain the internal heat balance of the electric pile.
The heat management system mainly adopts a heat dissipation device to exchange heat with the electric pile so as to achieve the aim of temperature regulation. Currently, three main categories are: a series circuit structure, a bypass valve circuit structure, and a multi-circuit structure. Wherein the series circuit structure has only a single flow path for heat exchange to occur, and no other degrees of freedom to manipulate heat exchange efficiency, power consumption of the cooling system cannot be optimally controlled for a given heat dissipation efficiency, thereby reducing efficiency of the entire system. The bypass valve loop structure can improve the heat efficiency of the fuel cell to a certain extent by controlling whether the cooling liquid passes through the radiator through a single bypass valve, but the control points of the structure are few, and the control of the fan, the pump and the valve has coupling. The above problems are solved by a multi-circuit structure, and a fuel cell thermal management system comprising a two-stage non-mixed circulation water circuit is proposed in the prior art, which reduces the maintenance cost of conductivity index, but the structure heater and the deionizing device increase the cost. The prior art proposes a heat treatment system for a fuel cell stack, which mainly solves the problem of waste heat waste, but has higher structural cost and fails to fully utilize the cooling function of a water tank.
In summary, how to quickly realize the heat balance of the fuel cell system and ensure the fuel cell to operate in the optimal temperature range is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a fuel cell thermal management system and method, which can quickly realize thermal balance of a fuel cell system, and ensure that a fuel cell works in an optimal temperature range.
The application provides a fuel cell thermal management method, which is applied to a fuel cell thermal management system, wherein the fuel cell thermal management system comprises the following components: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein: the internal circulation loop comprises a fuel cell stack; the outer circulation loop does not contain a fuel cell stack; the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected through a heat exchanger;
the inner circulation loop includes: a first internal circulation circuit, a second internal circulation circuit, and a third internal circulation circuit; wherein: the first internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged, and cooling liquid directly enters the first cooling pump through the first bypass valve after flowing out of the stack and then returns to the stack; the second internal circulation loop includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, and cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, enters the first cooling pump through the second bypass valve and returns to the fuel cell stack; the third internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve, the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump through the second bypass valve, and returns to the fuel cell stack;
the outer circulation loop includes: a first outer circulation loop, a second outer circulation loop, and a third outer circulation loop; wherein: the first external circulation loop comprises the heat exchanger, a third bypass valve, a fourth bypass valve and a second cooling pump, and cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, directly enters the second cooling pump through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve in sequence, and then returns to the heat exchanger; the second external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the tank body, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve, enters the second liquid storage tank, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the second cooling pump; the third external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the radiator, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the tank body, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, enters the radiator through the third bypass valve, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump in sequence;
the fuel cell thermal management method comprises the following steps:
a fuel cell start-up phase, wherein the first one of the internal circulation circuits operates;
a low speed stage in which the second and third inner circulation circuits of the inner circulation circuits operate;
a constant speed stage in which a third one of the inner circulation circuits and the first and second one of the outer circulation circuits operate;
a higher speed stage in which the third one of the inner circulation circuits and the second one of the outer circulation circuits operate;
and a high speed stage in which the third one of the inner circulation circuits and the third one of the outer circulation circuits operate.
The present application also provides a fuel cell thermal management system comprising: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein:
the internal circulation loop comprises a fuel cell stack;
the outer circulation loop does not contain a fuel cell stack;
the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected through a heat exchanger.
Preferably, the internal circulation loop comprises: a first internal circulation circuit, a second internal circulation circuit, and a third internal circulation circuit; wherein:
the first internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged, and cooling liquid directly enters the first cooling pump through the first bypass valve after flowing out of the stack and then returns to the stack;
the second internal circulation loop includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, and cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, enters the first cooling pump through the second bypass valve and returns to the fuel cell stack;
the third internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve, the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, flows through the second bypass valve, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump, and then returns to the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the external circulation circuit includes: a first outer circulation loop, a second outer circulation loop, and a third outer circulation loop; wherein:
the first external circulation loop comprises the heat exchanger, a third bypass valve, a fourth bypass valve and a second cooling pump, and cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, directly enters the second cooling pump through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve in sequence, and then returns to the heat exchanger;
the second external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the tank body, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve, enters the second liquid storage tank, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the second cooling pump;
the third external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the radiator, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the heat exchanger, and cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, enters the radiator through the third bypass valve, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump in sequence.
Preferably, the first inner circulation loop of the inner circulation loops has a pipe length smaller than that of the second inner circulation loop, and the second inner circulation loop has a pipe length smaller than that of the third inner circulation loop.
Preferably, the first external circulation loop has a pipe length smaller than that of the second external circulation loop, and the second external circulation loop has a pipe length smaller than that of the third external circulation loop.
Preferably, the first reservoir has a smaller capacity than the second reservoir.
Preferably, the cooling liquid in the first liquid storage tank is a cooling liquid with good quality and low ionization speed.
Preferably, the cooling liquid in the second liquid storage tank adopts distilled water.
In summary, the present invention discloses a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein: the inner circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the outer circulation loop does not comprise the fuel cell stack, and the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected through a heat exchanger. The invention can meet the complex working condition requirement of the fuel cell by the multi-loop structure formed by the inner loop and the outer loop, can quickly realize the heat balance of the fuel cell system and ensures that the fuel cell works in the optimal temperature range.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 3 of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell segmented thermal management method of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to the present disclosure may include:
an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein:
the internal circulation loop comprises a fuel cell stack;
the external circulation loop does not contain a fuel cell stack;
the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected by a heat exchanger 4.
In the above embodiment, the multi-loop structure formed by the inner loop and the outer loop can meet the complex working condition requirement of the fuel cell, can quickly realize the heat balance of the fuel cell system, and ensures that the fuel cell works in the optimal temperature range.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to the present disclosure may include: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein:
the internal circulation loop includes: a first internal circulation loop A, a second internal circulation loop B and a third internal circulation loop C; wherein:
the first internal circulation circuit a includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid stack 2 directly enters the first cooling pump 1 through the first bypass valve 3 after flowing out and then returns to the stack 2;
the second internal circulation loop B includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3, the heat exchanger 4, the second bypass valve 10 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the stack 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, enters the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10 and returns to the stack 2;
the third internal circulation loop C includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3, the heat exchanger 4, the second bypass valve 10, the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the stack 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the stack 2.
In the above embodiment, in the fuel cell start-up phase, the first internal circulation circuit a in the internal circulation circuit 201 operates, and the cooling liquid electric pile 2 flows out, directly enters the first cooling pump 1 through the first bypass valve 3, and then returns to the electric pile 2;
the second and third internal circulation circuits B and C of the internal circulation circuits operate in the low speed stage. When the second internal circulation loop B works, cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, enters the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10 and then returns to the electric pile 2; when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 3 of a thermal management system for a fuel cell according to the present disclosure may include: an inner circulation loop 3 and an outer circulation loop; wherein:
the internal circulation loop includes: a first internal circulation loop A, a second internal circulation loop B and a third internal circulation loop C; wherein:
the first internal circulation circuit a includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid stack 2 directly enters the first cooling pump 1 through the first bypass valve 3 after flowing out and then returns to the stack 2;
the second internal circulation loop B includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3, the heat exchanger 4, the second bypass valve 10 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the stack 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, enters the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10 and returns to the stack 2;
the third internal circulation loop C includes: the fuel cell stack 2, the first bypass valve 3, the heat exchanger 4, the second bypass valve 10, the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the stack 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the stack 2.
The outer circulation loop includes: a first outer circulation loop D, a second outer circulation loop E, and a third outer circulation loop F; wherein:
the first external circulation loop D comprises a heat exchanger 4, a third bypass valve 5, a fourth bypass valve 7 and a second cooling pump 9, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, directly enters the second cooling pump 9 through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7 in sequence, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4;
the second external circulation circuit E includes: the heat exchanger 4, the third bypass valve 5, the fourth bypass valve 7, the second liquid storage tank 8 and the second cooling pump 9, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, then enters the second liquid storage tank 8, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the second cooling pump 9;
the third external circulation circuit F includes: the heat exchanger 4, the third bypass valve 5, the radiator 6, the fourth bypass valve 7, the second liquid storage tank 8 and the second cooling pump 9, wherein the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, enters the radiator 6 through the third bypass valve 5, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the fourth bypass valve 7, the second liquid storage tank 8 and the second cooling pump 9 in sequence.
In the above embodiment, in the fuel cell start-up stage, the first internal circulation circuit a of the internal circulation circuits operates, and the coolant pile 2 flows out and then directly enters the first cooling pump 1 through the first bypass valve 3, and then returns to the pile 2;
the second and third internal circulation circuits B and C of the internal circulation circuits operate in the low speed stage. When the second internal circulation loop B works, cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, enters the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10 and then returns to the electric pile 2; when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2.
In the constant speed phase, the third inner circulation loop C, the first outer circulation loop D, and the second outer circulation loop E operate. When the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the first external circulation loop D works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, then sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, directly enters the second cooling pump 9, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4; when the second external circulation loop E works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, then enters the second liquid storage tank 8, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the second cooling pump 9.
The third inner circulation loop C and the second outer circulation loop E operate in a higher speed stage. When the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the second external circulation loop E works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, then enters the second liquid storage tank 8, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the second cooling pump 9.
In the high-speed stage, the third inner circulation loop C and the third outer circulation loop F work, wherein when the third inner circulation loop C works, cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the third external circulation loop F works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, enters the radiator 6 through the third bypass valve 5, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the fourth bypass valve 7, the second liquid storage tank 8 and the second cooling pump 9 in sequence.
Specifically, in the above embodiment, the inner circulation loop pipe length is smaller than the outer circulation loop pipe length; in the internal circulation loop, the pipeline length of the first internal circulation loop A is shortest, the second internal circulation loop B is inferior, and the third internal circulation loop C is longest; of the outer circulation loops, the first outer circulation loop D has the shortest pipe length, the second outer circulation loop E times, and the third outer circulation loop F has the longest pipe length.
The capacity of the internal circulation loop and the first liquid storage tank 11 is smaller, and the ionization speed is low by adopting a cooling liquid with good quality; the outer circulation loop and the second liquid storage tank 8 have larger capacity, and low-cost cooling liquid such as distilled water is adopted. Adopt two liquid storage tanks that the size is different, can make full use of liquid storage tank coolant temperature is low dispels the heat to two liquid storage tanks adopt different coolant liquid, practiced thrift the cost when satisfying the demand.
In summary, the fuel cell thermal management system disclosed by the invention comprises six circulation loops, namely an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop, so that the complex working condition requirement of the fuel cell can be met. The fuel cell thermal management system disclosed by the invention adopts two liquid storage tanks with different sizes, can fully utilize low temperature of liquid storage tank cooling liquid to dissipate heat, and adopts different cooling liquid for the two liquid storage tanks, so that the requirements are met and the cost is saved.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a fuel cell sectional thermal management method according to the present invention is shown, in which a first internal circulation loop a works in a fuel cell start-up phase, a second internal circulation loop B works in a low-speed phase, a third internal circulation loop C works in a constant-speed phase, a first external circulation loop D works in a constant-speed phase, a second external circulation loop E works in a high-speed phase, a third internal circulation loop C works in a high-speed phase, and a third external circulation loop F works in a high-speed phase.
In the starting stage, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is low, and the performance of the fuel cell cannot be fully exerted, so that the internal temperature of the fuel cell needs to be quickly raised, the heat taken away by a cooling system is reduced as much as possible, the travel of the cooling liquid can be shortened to the shortest by adopting the first internal circulation loop A, and the requirement of quick starting can be met without adopting a heater scheme. When the first internal circulation loop A works, the cooling liquid pile 2 flows out and then directly enters the first cooling pump 1 through the first bypass valve 3, and then returns to the pile 2.
In the low-speed stage, the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 has reached a suitable temperature range, at which time the load power is small, the heat generation can substantially maintain the heat balance of the fuel cell, and the second internal circulation loop B with a long coolant stroke can be used to exchange heat with the outside only through the pipe, but such a scheme has poor regulation capability. In order to increase the heat balance adjustment capability of the fuel cell, the second internal circulation loop B and the third internal circulation loop C modes are finally adopted, and by adjusting the opening degree of the second bypass valve 10, part of heat can be absorbed through the first liquid storage tank 11, so that low-speed adjustment in a certain power range is achieved. Specifically, when the second internal circulation loop B works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, enters the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2; when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out of the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2.
In the constant speed stage, the load of the fuel cell stack 2 is generally that part of heat needs to be taken away to maintain the internal heat balance of the fuel cell, and for constant speed adjustment in a power range, when the load power is relatively low, a third internal circulation loop C and a first external circulation loop D mode are adopted, and the external circulation loop exchanges heat with the outside only through a pipeline; when the load power is relatively high, the third inner circulation loop C and the first outer circulation loop D and the second outer circulation loop E are used, and the outer circulation loop may be operated by adjusting the opening of the fourth bypass valve 7, and a part of heat may be absorbed by the second tank 8. Specifically, when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out from the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the first external circulation loop D works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, then sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, directly enters the second cooling pump 9, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4; when the second external circulation loop E works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, then enters the second liquid storage tank 8, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the second cooling pump 9.
In the higher speed stage, the load of the fuel cell stack 2 is high, and more heat needs to be taken away to maintain the internal heat balance of the fuel cell, so that the third internal circulation loop C and the second external circulation loop E modes are adopted. The second liquid storage tank 8 is large in volume, more cooling liquid is stored, and the specific heat capacity is large, so that the high-speed regulation in a power range can be met. Specifically, when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out from the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the second external circulation loop E works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve 5 and the fourth bypass valve 7, then enters the second liquid storage tank 8, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the second cooling pump 9.
In the high-speed stage, the load of the fuel cell stack 2 is high, and a large amount of heat needs to be taken away to maintain the heat balance inside the fuel cell, so that the third inner circulation loop C and the third outer circulation loop F modes are employed. Because the heat exchange efficiency of the radiator 6 is high, the fan of the radiator 6 can not be started in the initial stage, and only the radiator 6 exchanges heat with the outside; when the temperature of the second liquid storage tank 8 reaches a certain threshold, a fan needs to be started to radiate heat, so that the second liquid storage tank 8 is prevented from being too high in temperature and losing heat radiation capability. Specifically, when the third internal circulation loop C works, the cooling liquid flows out from the electric pile 2, enters the heat exchanger 4 through the first bypass valve 3, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank 11 and the first cooling pump 1 through the second bypass valve 10, and then returns to the electric pile 2. When the third external circulation loop F works, the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger 4, enters the radiator 6 through the third bypass valve 5, and then returns to the heat exchanger 4 through the fourth bypass valve 7, the second liquid storage tank 8 and the second cooling pump 9 in sequence.
In summary, the fuel cell thermal management system disclosed by the invention adopts a sectional thermal management method, can be sectioned according to the load power requirement, and adopts a single-circulation loop, double-circulation loop or three-circulation loop scheme to perform thermal management on the fuel cell.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may be disposed in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method of thermal management of a fuel cell, applied to a thermal management system of a fuel cell, the thermal management system of a fuel cell comprising: an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop; wherein: the internal circulation loop comprises a fuel cell stack; the outer circulation loop does not contain a fuel cell stack; the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop are connected through a heat exchanger;
the inner circulation loop includes: a first internal circulation circuit, a second internal circulation circuit, and a third internal circulation circuit; wherein: the first internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged, and cooling liquid directly enters the first cooling pump through the first bypass valve after flowing out of the stack and then returns to the stack; the second internal circulation loop includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, and cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, enters the first cooling pump through the second bypass valve and returns to the fuel cell stack; the third internal circulation circuit includes: the fuel cell stack, the first bypass valve, the heat exchanger, the second bypass valve, the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump are arranged in the fuel cell stack, cooling liquid flows out of the fuel cell stack, enters the heat exchanger through the first bypass valve, sequentially enters the first liquid storage tank and the first cooling pump through the second bypass valve, and returns to the fuel cell stack;
the outer circulation loop includes: a first outer circulation loop, a second outer circulation loop, and a third outer circulation loop; wherein: the first external circulation loop comprises the heat exchanger, a third bypass valve, a fourth bypass valve and a second cooling pump, and cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, directly enters the second cooling pump through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve in sequence, and then returns to the heat exchanger; the second external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the tank body, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the third bypass valve and the fourth bypass valve, enters the second liquid storage tank, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the second cooling pump; the third external circulation circuit includes: the heat exchanger, the third bypass valve, the radiator, the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump are arranged in the tank body, and the cooling liquid flows out of the heat exchanger, enters the radiator through the third bypass valve, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the fourth bypass valve, the second liquid storage tank and the second cooling pump in sequence;
the fuel cell thermal management method comprises the following steps:
a fuel cell start-up phase, wherein the first one of the internal circulation circuits operates;
a low speed stage in which the second and third inner circulation circuits of the inner circulation circuits operate;
a constant speed stage in which a third one of the inner circulation circuits and the first and second one of the outer circulation circuits operate;
a higher speed stage in which the third one of the inner circulation circuits and the second one of the outer circulation circuits operate;
and a high speed stage in which the third one of the inner circulation circuits and the third one of the outer circulation circuits operate.
2. A fuel cell thermal management system employing the fuel cell thermal management method of claim 1.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein a conduit length of the first one of the inner circulation loops is less than a conduit length of the second inner circulation loop, the conduit length of the second inner circulation loop being less than a conduit length of the third inner circulation loop.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein a conduit length of the first one of the outer circulation loops is less than a conduit length of the second outer circulation loop, the conduit length of the second outer circulation loop being less than a conduit length of the third outer circulation loop.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein a capacity of the first reservoir is less than a capacity of the second reservoir.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the cooling fluid in the first reservoir is a high quality, low ionization rate cooling fluid.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the cooling fluid in the second reservoir is distilled water.
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| CN114335601A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling system and cooling method for energy storage power station |
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