CN117878353A - Fuel cell thermal management system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell thermal management system and a method thereof, which relate to the technical field of battery control and comprise the following steps: the heat management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, the second main loops are mutually connected in parallel, and each second main loop is communicated with the first main loop; the thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary circuits, each auxiliary circuit corresponds to one second main circuit, the auxiliary circuits are mutually connected in parallel, and each auxiliary circuit is communicated with the first main circuit; each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system, the second main loops are used for carrying out thermal management on main devices in the fuel cell system, the auxiliary loops are used for carrying out thermal management on auxiliary devices in the fuel cell system, and the first main loops are used for carrying out heat exchange with the second main loops and the auxiliary loops. The method can reduce the cost of the fuel cell thermal management system.

Description

Fuel cell thermal management system and method

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of battery control technologies, and in particular, to a fuel cell thermal management system and method.

Background

In the related art, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is used as a clean energy source, and is gradually applied to the field of distributed power generation in recent years, and as the application scenario of distributed power generation is usually a high-power generation system with the requirement of Megawatt (MW) level or more. In view of the technical limitations of the current galvanic pile and system components, the MW-level power is difficult to achieve by a single fuel cell system, so that the MW-level power generation system needs to be formed by connecting multiple fuel cell systems in parallel. The electric pile of the power generation system can generate heat energy during operation, if heat cannot be dissipated in time, the temperature of the electric pile can be continuously increased to influence the performance and service life of the electric pile, so that the heat energy generated by the electric pile is taken away by the heat management system through cooling liquid and water, and the temperature of the electric pile is kept in a proper range. For large power generation systems above the MW level combined by multiple fuel cell systems, it is particularly important how to maintain the temperature of the stack.

The existing heat management main systems and auxiliary systems of the fuel cell system are mostly independent circulating waterways, so that two or more sets of heat management main systems are required to be provided with the same heat management main systems and auxiliary systems as the heat management main systems, more parts are required, on one hand, the volume of the whole system is increased, the area of the land is increased, and the land cost is increased; on the other hand, the manufacturing cost of the whole system is increased, so that the manufacturing cost is high, the more parts are, the higher the failure rate is, and the maintenance cost is also increased. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of the fuel cell thermal management system is a technical problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the application provides a fuel cell thermal management system and a method, which can reduce the cost of the fuel cell thermal management system.

A fuel cell thermal management system according to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present application, comprising:

the thermal management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, wherein the second main loops are mutually connected in parallel, and each second main loop is communicated with the first main loop;

the thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary circuits, each auxiliary circuit corresponds to one second main circuit, the auxiliary circuits are mutually connected in parallel, and each auxiliary circuit is communicated with the first main circuit;

each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system, the second main loop is used for thermally managing main devices in the fuel cell system, the auxiliary loops are used for thermally managing auxiliary devices in the fuel cell system, and the first main loop is used for performing heat exchange with the second main loop and the auxiliary loops.

The fuel cell thermal management system according to the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects: by providing a thermal management main system and a thermal management auxiliary system, wherein the thermal management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, the thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary loops, and each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system; through setting up one set of first main circuit, and first main circuit and second main circuit, auxiliary circuit are linked together to can carry out the heat exchange based on the second main circuit and the auxiliary circuit of one-to-one, need not to set up a plurality of first main circuit and second main circuit, auxiliary circuit and carry out one-to-one and form a complete set, and then can reduce the use of part, reduce land cost, cost and maintenance cost, finally reduce fuel cell thermal management system's cost. Therefore, the fuel cell thermal management system of the present application can reduce the cost of the fuel cell thermal management system.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second main circuit includes a two-way valve, an intercooler, a first heater, a first filter and a galvanic pile, one end of the two-way valve is communicated with one end of the intercooler, the other end of the intercooler is communicated with one end of the first heater, the other end of the two-way valve is communicated with one end of the first filter, and the other end of the two-way valve of each second main circuit is communicated with the first main circuit in a manner of being parallel to each other, the other end of the first filter is communicated with one end of the galvanic pile, the other end of the first heater is communicated with the other end of the galvanic pile, and the other end of each second main circuit is communicated with the first main circuit in a manner of being parallel to each other.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the auxiliary circuit includes an air compressor, an air compressor controller, a dc transformer and a pump controller, one end of the air compressor, one end of the dc transformer and one end of the pump controller are mutually communicated, and one end of the air compressor of each auxiliary circuit is mutually connected in parallel and is communicated with the first main circuit, the other end of the air compressor is communicated with one end of the air compressor controller, the other end of the dc transformer and the other end of the pump controller are mutually connected and are communicated, and the other end of each air compressor controller is mutually connected in parallel and is communicated with the first main circuit.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first main circuit comprises a first heat exchange circuit and a second heat exchange circuit, the first heat exchange circuit and the second main circuit are in communication, and the second heat exchange circuit and the auxiliary circuit are in communication.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first heat exchange circuit includes a first plate heat exchanger, a first three-way valve, a cooling tower, a first expansion tank, a first water pump and a second filter, an output end of one side of the first plate heat exchanger is communicated with an input end of the cooling tower, a first output end of the cooling tower is communicated with one end of the first water pump, the other end of the first water pump is communicated with one end of the second filter, the other end of the second filter is communicated with an input end of one side of the first plate heat exchanger, a first output end of the cooling tower, a second output end of the cooling tower are communicated with the first expansion tank, and a first output end of the first three-way valve is communicated with an input end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second heat exchange circuit comprises a second plate heat exchanger, a second three-way valve, a second water pump, a second expansion tank, a deionizer, a third expansion tank, and a third water pump;

the input end at one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the other end of the second filter, the output end at one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the output end at one side of the first plate heat exchanger, the input end at the other side of the second plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with one end of the second expansion water tank and the other end of the air pressure controller of each auxiliary loop, one end of the second water pump is respectively communicated with the output end at the other side of the second plate heat exchanger and the other end of the second expansion water tank, and one end of the second water pump is communicated with one end of the air compressor of each auxiliary loop;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of the intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of the deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of the electric pile of each second main loop.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the plurality of deionizers are provided, each deionizer corresponds to one of the second main circuits, one end of each deionizer is communicated with the other end of the third expansion tank, and the other end of each deionizer corresponds to the other end of the electric pile of one of the second main circuits.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second heat exchange circuit comprises a second three-way valve, a deionizer, a third expansion tank, and a third water pump;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of the intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of the deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of the electric pile of each second main loop.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the fuel cell thermal management system further comprises a heating circuit, the heating circuit being in communication with the first main circuit, the heating circuit being configured to exchange heat with the first main circuit to heat a heating target;

The heating circuit comprises a second heater, a heating room, a fourth expansion tank, a fourth water pump, a third filter and a third plate heat exchanger, wherein one end of the second heater is communicated with one end of the heating room, one end of the fourth water pump is respectively communicated with the other end of the heating room and one end of the fourth expansion tank, the other end of the fourth water pump is communicated with one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is communicated with one input end of one side of the third plate heat exchanger, and one output end of one side of the third plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the other end of the second heater and the other end of the fourth expansion tank.

According to a second aspect of the present application, a fuel cell thermal management method is implemented by the fuel cell thermal management system according to the first aspect, the fuel cell thermal management method comprising:

the outlet temperature of the cooling tower is regulated to be a preset first target temperature by controlling the cooling tower and the first water pump of the first heat exchange loop;

adjusting the opening of a second three-way valve of the second heat exchange loop through pi or pid control, and controlling the inlet temperature of the electric pile to be a preset second target temperature;

The third water pump of the second heat exchange loop and the two-way valve of the second main loop are controlled through pi or pid control, and the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the electric pile is controlled to be a first target temperature difference;

and controlling the first three-way valve of the first heat exchange loop, the fourth water pump of the heating loop and the second heater through pi or pid control, and controlling the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a heating room of the heating loop to be a second target temperature difference.

A fuel cell thermal management system according to an embodiment of a third aspect of the present application, comprising:

at least one memory;

at least one processor;

at least one program;

the program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes at least one of the programs to implement the fuel cell thermal management method according to the embodiment of the second aspect.

A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application stores computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the fuel cell thermal management method according to the embodiment of the second aspect.

Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.

Drawings

The application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a fuel cell thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of a fuel cell thermal management system according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection of a fuel cell thermal management system according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for thermal management of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Reference numerals:

memory 200, processor 300.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

It should be noted that although functional block diagrams are depicted as block diagrams, and logical sequences are shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the block diagrams in the system. The terms and the like in the description and in the claims, and in the above-described drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.

In the description of the present application, the meaning of a number is one or more, the meaning of a number is two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to exclude the present number, and the meaning of a number above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.

In the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present application can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical solution.

In the description of the present application, a description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

With respect to the role of some of the components of the fuel cell thermal management system in this application.

An intercooler:

one of the flow channels flows through air, and the other flow channel flows through liquid, so that the temperature of the compressed high-temperature high-pressure air of the air compressor is reduced, and the air temperature requirement of the electric pile inlet is met.

Deionization device:

the galvanic pile of the PEMFC is sensitive to conductivity, and the conductivity in the cooling liquid is too high, so that the insulation resistance of the whole system is reduced, and therefore, a deionizing device is needed to be arranged, the conductive ions in the liquid are specially removed, the conductivity of the liquid of the whole system is reduced, the insulation resistance of the system is improved, the service life of the galvanic pile is prolonged, and meanwhile, the electrical safety of the system is improved.

A radiator:

the radiator mainly comprises a radiating core, a fan, a fixed core and structural members of the fan, wherein a cooling liquid flows through a core flow channel, and the fan is started to blow the heat of the cooling liquid to the air through the core, and belongs to a liquid-gas heat exchange mode. Under different power operation working conditions, the fan rotating speed is adjusted to meet the heat dissipation requirements under different working conditions. The radiator mainly controls the temperature of the inlet of the electric pile in a radiating mode.

Expansion water tank:

the expansion water tank is mainly used for providing a pipeline liquid expansion space, supplementing water, stabilizing pressure, exhausting air and the like. After the heat management system is provided with the pipeline, the cooling liquid needs to be filled, and the cooling liquid is filled through a water tank filling port; after the subsequent long-time operation, the cooling liquid is reduced and is replenished through the filling port. The pipeline in the system can lead two paths to be connected to a small-diameter exhaust port, the cooling liquid can bring the gas in the pipeline to the water tank through the path, when the gas brought into the water tank is more and more, the gas pressure above the water tank is higher than the pressure valve pressure of the cover of the filling port, the pressure valve is opened, and the gas in the pipeline is discharged out of the air through the exhaust port on the filling port. The running pressure at different moments in the pipeline can fluctuate, the pressure in the pipeline is different under different water pump rotating speeds, and when the pressure in the pipeline fluctuates, the water tank can play a role in stabilizing pressure. The volume of the liquid in the pipeline can change under different environment temperatures, and the water tank provides an expansion space so as to meet the volume change of the liquid in the pipeline under different temperatures of the system.

And (3) a filter:

the cost of the electric pile in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is very high, if impurities in the thermal management system easily block the liquid flow passage in the electric pile to damage the electric pile, a filter is added in the thermal management system to remove the impurities, so that the impurities are prevented from entering the electric pile, and the electric pile is damaged. The filter is arranged at a position where all loops need to pass through the filter, so that the filter can protect parts in all loops at the position and prevent impurities from damaging the parts and a galvanic pile.

And (3) a water pump:

the water pump is a power source in the thermal management loop, is a high-pressure water pump, has high rotating speed and can be adjusted to meet the flow requirements of the PEMFC under different operating power working conditions. The water pump mainly controls the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile.

Next, a fuel cell thermal management system and method according to an embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4.

As can be appreciated, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, there is provided a fuel cell thermal management system comprising:

the heat management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, the second main loops are mutually connected in parallel, and each second main loop is communicated with the first main loop;

The thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary circuits, each auxiliary circuit corresponds to one second main circuit, the auxiliary circuits are mutually connected in parallel, and each auxiliary circuit is communicated with the first main circuit;

each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system, the second main loops are used for carrying out thermal management on main devices in the fuel cell system, the auxiliary loops are used for carrying out thermal management on auxiliary devices in the fuel cell system, and the first main loops are used for carrying out heat exchange with the second main loops and the auxiliary loops.

By providing a thermal management main system and a thermal management auxiliary system, wherein the thermal management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, the thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary loops, and each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system; through setting up one set of first main circuit, and first main circuit and second main circuit, auxiliary circuit are linked together to can carry out the heat exchange based on the second main circuit and the auxiliary circuit of one-to-one, need not to set up a plurality of first main circuit and second main circuit, auxiliary circuit and carry out one-to-one and form a complete set, and then can reduce the use of part, reduce land cost, cost and maintenance cost, finally reduce fuel cell thermal management system's cost. Therefore, the fuel cell thermal management system of the present application can reduce the cost of the fuel cell thermal management system.

It will be understood that, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the second main circuits include a two-way valve, an intercooler, a first heater, a first filter and a galvanic pile, one end of the two-way valve is communicated with one end of the intercooler, the other end of the intercooler is communicated with one end of the first heater, the other end of the two-way valve is communicated with one end of the first filter, the other end of the two-way valve of each second main circuit is communicated with the first main circuit in a mutually parallel manner, the other end of the first filter is communicated with one end of the galvanic pile, the other end of the first heater is communicated with the other end of the galvanic pile, and the other end of the galvanic pile of each second main circuit is communicated with the first main circuit in a mutually parallel manner.

In fig. 1 to 3, the filter 1 is a first filter, and the heater 1 is a first heater. Specifically, the heater 1 may be a PTC water heater. The two-way valve may be an electric two-way valve.

It will be understood that, as shown in fig. 1, the auxiliary circuit includes an air compressor, an air compressor controller, a dc transformer and a pump controller, one end of the air compressor, one end of the dc transformer and one end of the pump controller are mutually communicated, one end of the air compressor of each auxiliary circuit is mutually communicated with the first main circuit in parallel, the other end of the air compressor is communicated with one end of the air compressor controller, the other end of the dc transformer and the other end of the pump controller are mutually communicated, and the other end of each air compressor controller is mutually communicated with the first main circuit in parallel.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 1, the first primary loop comprises a first heat exchange loop and a second heat exchange loop, the first heat exchange loop and the second primary loop being in communication, the second heat exchange loop and the auxiliary loop being in communication.

It is to be understood that, as shown in fig. 1, the first heat exchange circuit includes a first plate heat exchanger, a first three-way valve, a cooling tower, a first expansion tank, a first water pump and a second filter, wherein the output end of one side of the first plate heat exchanger is communicated with the input end of the cooling tower, the first output end of the cooling tower is communicated with one end of the first water pump, the other end of the first water pump is communicated with one end of the second filter, the other end of the second filter is communicated with the input end of one side of the first plate heat exchanger, the first output end and the second output end of the cooling tower are communicated with the first expansion tank, and the first output end of the first three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger.

In fig. 1 to 3, the first plate heat exchanger, the first three-way valve, the first expansion tank, the first water pump, and the second filter are respectively a plate heat exchanger 1, a three-way valve 1, an expansion tank 1, a water pump 1, and a filter 2.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 1, the second heat exchange circuit comprises a second plate heat exchanger, a second three-way valve, a second water pump, a second expansion tank, a deionizer, a third expansion tank and a third water pump;

The input end of one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the other end of the second filter, the output end of one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the output end of one side of the first plate heat exchanger, the input end of the other side of the second plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with one end of the second expansion water tank and the other end of the air pressure controller of each auxiliary loop, one end of the second water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the second plate heat exchanger and the other end of the second expansion water tank, and one end of the second water pump is communicated with one end of the air compressor of each auxiliary loop;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of an intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of a deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of a galvanic pile of each second main loop.

In fig. 1 to 3, the second plate heat exchanger, the second three-way valve, the second water pump, the second expansion tank, the third expansion tank, and the third water pump are respectively a plate heat exchanger 2, a three-way valve 2, a water pump 2, an expansion tank 3, and a water pump 3 in this order.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 2, there are a plurality of deionizers, each corresponding to one second main circuit, one end of each deionizer is connected to the other end of the third expansion tank, and the other end of each deionizer is correspondingly connected to the other end of the electric pile of one second main circuit.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 3, the second heat exchange circuit includes a second three-way valve, a deionizer, a third expansion tank, and a third water pump;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of an intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of a deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of a galvanic pile of each second main loop.

As can be appreciated, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes a heating circuit, the heating circuit is in communication with the first main circuit, and the heating circuit is configured to perform heat exchange with the first main circuit to heat a heating target;

The heating loop comprises a second heater, a heating room, a fourth expansion water tank, a fourth water pump, a third filter and a third plate heat exchanger, wherein one end of the second heater is communicated with one end of the heating room, one end of the fourth water pump is respectively communicated with the other end of the heating room and one end of the fourth expansion water tank, the other end of the fourth water pump is communicated with one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is communicated with one side of the input end of the third plate heat exchanger, and one side of the output end of the third plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the other end of the second heater and the other end of the fourth expansion water tank.

In fig. 1 to 3, the second heater, the fourth expansion tank, the fourth water pump, the third filter, and the third plate heat exchanger are respectively a heater 2, an expansion tank 4, a water pump 4, a filter 3, and a plate heat exchanger 3 in this order.

It should be noted that, the thermal management main system and the thermal management auxiliary system provided in the existing fuel cell system generally adopt independent circulating water paths, so that n sets of thermal management main and auxiliary systems are required for all the n sets of systems combined high-power fuel cell systems, the integration level is low, so that a plurality of thermal management components are used, the volume and weight of the whole system are increased, a plurality of costs are also increased, and the more components have higher failure rate.

Based on this, the application provides a fuel cell thermal management system, and compared with a plurality of independent thermal management systems, the application only needs to use one water pump 3, two electric three-way valves and a plate heat exchanger, and each set of fuel cell system does not need to be matched with one water pump 3, the plate heat exchanger and two electric three-way valves, and if n sets of fuel cell systems exist, n-1 sets of fuel cell systems can be reduced. The highly integrated multi-set system heat management scheme can reduce the use of a plurality of water pumps, plate exchanges, water tanks, electric three-way valves and pipelines, greatly reduces the cost, reduces the occupation of space and weight, and reduces the failure rate of parts.

It will be appreciated that, as shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a fuel cell thermal management method, which is implemented by the fuel cell thermal management system of the above embodiment, and includes:

step S100, controlling a cooling tower and a first water pump of a first heat exchange loop, and adjusting the outlet temperature of the cooling tower to a preset first target temperature;

step S110, adjusting the opening of a second three-way valve of a second heat exchange loop through pi or pid control, and controlling the inlet temperature of the electric pile to be a preset second target temperature;

Step S120, controlling a third water pump of the second heat exchange loop and a two-way valve of the second main loop through pi or pid control, and controlling the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the electric pile to be a first target temperature difference;

and step S130, controlling a first three-way valve of the first heat exchange loop, a fourth water pump of the heating loop and a second heater through pi or pid control, and controlling the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a heating room of the heating loop to be a second target temperature difference.

As shown in fig. 1, the heat generating components of the thermal management main system of the n fuel cell systems are driven by one water pump 3 at the periphery in parallel, the peripheral plate heat exchanger 1 radiates heat (when heat generation is required for heating in winter, the plate heat exchanger 1 and the plate heat exchanger 3 radiate heat together), and the heat generated by the n fuel cell systems is used for heating by the plate heat exchanger 3. The heating parts of the thermal management auxiliary systems of the n fuel cell systems are in parallel connection, and are driven by one water pump 2 at the periphery, and the peripheral plate type heat exchanger 2 dissipates heat. Because the plate heat exchanger only replaces the heat generated by the fuel cell system to the liquid at the other side, and finally, the heat dissipation is consumed by a cooling tower and a heating user connected with the cold source end of the plate heat exchanger.

Specifically, the control objective of the overall fuel cell thermal management system of fig. 1:

(1) to control the inlet water temperature of the components of the thermal management assistance system in each fuel cell system to 60 ℃ or lower, the cooling tower outlet temperature needs to be controlled to 55 ℃ or lower because the thermal management assistance system is cooled by the cooling tower through the plate heat exchanger, and the cooling tower outlet temperature is generally controlled to be lower, such as controlled to fluctuate around 40 ℃, because the cooling of the thermal management assistance system is also considered.

(2) The stack inlet temperature of each fuel cell system is controlled to a constant target temperature (e.g., 70 c).

(3) The temperature difference of the inlet and the outlet of a stack of each fuel cell system is controlled to be a constant target temperature difference (such as 10℃)

(4) The room heating section has a requirement for a temperature of heating an incoming room and a temperature difference of entering and exiting the room, and controls an inlet temperature of the incoming heating room to be a constant temperature (e.g., 80 ℃) and an inlet temperature of the incoming heating room to be a constant temperature difference (e.g., 20 ℃).

The control mode is as follows:

(1) control mode one: the water pump 1 runs at a fixed rotation speed, and different heat dissipation amounts are controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the cooling tower fan, so that the outlet temperature (measured by a temperature sensor) of the cooling tower is controlled to fluctuate at about 40 ℃. Specific:

When the cooling tower receives the starting instruction, the water pump 1 is started to operate; judging the outlet temperature of the cooling tower, when the temperature is more than or equal to 39 ℃, starting a spray pump of the cooling tower, if the temperature is more than or equal to 40 ℃ continuously, running a fan at the lowest rotating speed, if the temperature is more than or equal to 2s and equal to 41 ℃, increasing the rotating speed of the fan by 300rpm continuously, if the temperature is more than or equal to 41 ℃ continuously after the temperature is more than or equal to 2s, increasing the rotating speed of the fan by 300rpm continuously, circulating until the highest rotating speed, if the temperature is more than or equal to 2s and less than 39 ℃, reducing the rotating speed of the fan by 300rpm continuously, and reducing the temperature by 300rpm continuously after the temperature is more than or equal to 41 ℃ continuously after the temperature is reduced, and circulating until the rotating speed is at the lowest. If the temperature is kept for 2s < 38 ℃, the fan is turned off, and if the temperature is kept for 2s < 37 ℃, the spray pump is turned off. The control mode has large temperature fluctuation, but the control is relatively simple, and the control mode is suitable for occasions with low temperature control precision.

And a second control mode: when the cooling tower receives the starting instruction, the water pump 1 is started to operate; judging the outlet temperature of the cooling tower, when the temperature is more than or equal to 39 ℃, starting a spray pump of the cooling tower, if the temperature is more than or equal to 40 ℃ continuously, running a fan at the lowest rotation speed, after the fan is started, adjusting the rotation speed of the cooling tower fan through pid control to control the outlet water temperature of the cooling tower to 40 ℃, specifically performing pid operation on the difference between the target water temperature of the outlet of the cooling tower and the actual temperature, calculating the control rotation speed of the fan, and controlling the temperature to be within 40+/-1 ℃ through controlling the rotation speed of the cooling tower fan. If the temperature is lower than 38 ℃ for 2s, the cooling tower fan is turned off, and if the temperature is lower than 37 ℃ for 2s, the spray pump is turned off. The PID closed-loop control mode is adopted, so that the control precision is high, and the method is suitable for occasions with high control precision requirements.

(2) The temperature of the electric pile inlet is controlled by adjusting the opening of the three-way valve 2, specifically, pi or pid operation is carried out on the difference between the target water temperature and the actual temperature of the pile inlet temperature, the opening of the three-way valve 2 to be controlled is calculated, and the temperature is controlled to be within the range of 70+/-1 ℃ by controlling the three-way valve 2. The three-way valve may be an electric three-way valve.

(3) If the application scene mainly considers cost and does not consider power consumption, the water pump 3 can adopt a fixed rotating speed to calculate pi or pid of the difference between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference of the in-out stack temperature to calculate the opening degree of the electric two-way valve to be controlled, and the temperature difference is controlled to be within the range of 10+/-1 ℃ by controlling the electric two-way valve. If the application scene mainly considers power consumption and does not consider cost, the water pump 3 can use an adjustable rotation speed water pump, and the temperature difference is mainly adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the water pump 3 through the water pump, and as the flow resistance of each fuel cell is difficult to distribute uniformly, an electric two-way valve is needed to assist in adjusting and controlling the temperature difference, so that the temperature difference of each system is controlled to be the same temperature difference; and (3) performing pi or pid operation on the difference between the target temperature difference of the in-out stack temperature and the actual temperature difference, calculating the rotating speed required to be controlled by the water pump 3 and the opening required by the electric two-way valve, and controlling the temperature difference to be within the range of 10+/-1 ℃ by controlling the water pump 3 and the electric two-way valve.

(4) Since most fuel cells can only control the inlet water temperature of a heating room to be at most sixty degrees by the fuel cell, and the heating radiator generally requires the inlet temperature to be 80 ℃ or more, a heater 2 is added at the outlet of the plate heat exchanger 2 to heat the temperature to 80 ℃. Of course, when the heater 2 is used for floor heating, the floor heating temperature is required to be 60 ℃ or lower, and the heater 2 is not required for such temperature. Heating room inlet water temperature control: when the heating is started, the water pump 4 is started to the highest rotating speed at a certain acceleration slope, the opening of the electric three-way valve 1 is controlled to 50%, when the corresponding temperature sensor is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the heater 2 is started, and meanwhile, the electric three-way valve 1 and the water pump 4 enter pi or pid control. Specifically, pi or pid calculation is performed on the difference between the target temperature and the actual temperature of the inlet water temperature, the opening degree of the electric three-way valve 1 to be controlled is calculated, and the temperature is controlled to be within 80+/-1 ℃ by controlling the opening degree of the electric three-way valve 1. And (3) performing pi or pid operation on the difference between the target temperature difference and the actual temperature difference of the inlet and outlet water temperature, calculating the rotating speed required to be controlled by the water pump 4, and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump 4 to control the temperature difference to be within the range of 20+/-1 ℃.

It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, a deionizer is added on the branch of the air outlet of the backwater tank on the main path of the stack outlet of the n fuel cell systems to deionize the n systems, and this method is suitable for deionizing the n systems, the deionizing capacity is large enough, the deionizing effect is good, and only one deionizer can meet the applicable requirement. If the large-capacity deionizers cannot be made yet under the requirement of the working condition, as shown in fig. 2, one deionizer can be added on one branch led out from the outlet of each fuel cell stack, and finally all the system deionizers are converged at the outlet and flow to the exhaust port of the water tank. Specifically, at present, the maximum power of a single system in the fuel cell industry is about two hundred to three hundred kilowatts, most of the deionized devices are developed and matched according to the existing power system, and the large-power deionized devices are not developed if not required at present, so the large-power deionized devices are not yet developed. Although there are power generation systems above megawatt, the power generation systems reach megawatt level instead of a single fuel cell system, and multiple fuel cell systems are combined into megawatt level, each fuel cell system is matched with one deionizer, if the subsequent MW-level distributed power generation system is widely applied, and the thermal management system of the multiple fuel cell systems is widely used like the scheme, one deionizer matched with the MW-level system can be correspondingly developed.

It should be noted that, because some thermal management auxiliary system components have a requirement for the coolant medium, a deionizer or an ethylene glycol antifreeze solution must be used, and the thermal management auxiliary system components cannot be directly connected to the cooling tower loop for cooling, and the thermal management auxiliary system loop needs to be isolated from the cooling tower loop by a plate heat exchanger, as in the connection manner shown in the schematic diagrams 1 and 2. If some of the thermal management auxiliary components used in the fuel cell system have no special requirement on the coolant medium (for example, tap water is also used), as shown in the schematic diagram 3, the thermal management auxiliary systems of n fuel cell systems can be connected in parallel and then be combined into a cooling tower for cooling, so that a plate heat exchanger, a water pump and a water tank of the auxiliary systems can be reduced. However, the temperature of the input end at one side of the plate heat exchanger 1 needs to be controlled below 60 ℃ in the connection mode so as to meet the temperature requirements of auxiliary system components.

A fuel cell thermal management system of an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 5.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 5, the fuel cell thermal management system includes:

at least one memory 200;

at least one processor 300;

at least one program;

The programs are stored in the memory 200, and the processor 300 executes at least one program to implement the fuel cell thermal management method described above. Fig. 5 illustrates a processor 300.

The processor 300 and the memory 200 may be connected by a bus or other means, fig. 5 being an example of a connection via a bus.

The memory 200 serves as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and signals, such as program instructions/signals corresponding to the fuel cell thermal management system in embodiments of the present application. The processor 300 performs various functional applications and data processing by running non-transitory software programs, instructions, and signals stored in the memory 200, i.e., implementing the fuel cell thermal management method of the method embodiment described above.

Memory 200 may include a storage program area that may store an operating system, at least one application program required for functions, and a storage data area; the storage data area may store data related to the above-described fuel cell thermal management method, and the like. In addition, memory 200 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 200 may optionally include memory located remotely from processor 300, which may be connected to the fuel cell thermal management system via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet of things, software defined networks, sensor networks, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

The one or more signals are stored in the memory 200, which when executed by the one or more processors 300, perform the fuel cell thermal management method of any of the method embodiments described above. For example, the method of fig. 4 described above is performed.

A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 5.

As shown in fig. 5, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors 300, for example, by one of the processors 300 in fig. 5, which may cause the one or more processors 300 to perform the fuel cell thermal management method in the method embodiment described above. For example, the method of fig. 4 described above is performed.

The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, in which elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

From the description of the embodiments above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media and communication media. The term computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, as known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable signals, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and may include any information delivery media.

The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:

the thermal management main system comprises a first main loop and a plurality of second main loops, wherein the second main loops are mutually connected in parallel, and each second main loop is communicated with the first main loop;

the thermal management auxiliary system comprises a plurality of auxiliary circuits, each auxiliary circuit corresponds to one second main circuit, the auxiliary circuits are mutually connected in parallel, and each auxiliary circuit is communicated with the first main circuit;

each second main loop and one auxiliary loop form a thermal management loop of the fuel cell system, the second main loop is used for thermally managing main devices in the fuel cell system, the auxiliary loops are used for thermally managing auxiliary devices in the fuel cell system, and the first main loop is used for performing heat exchange with the second main loop and the auxiliary loops.

2. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the second main circuits include a two-way valve, an intercooler, a first heater, a first filter, and a stack, one end of the two-way valve communicates with one end of the intercooler, the other end of the intercooler communicates with one end of the first heater, the other end of the two-way valve communicates with one end of the first filter, and the other end of the two-way valve of each of the second main circuits communicates with the first main circuit in parallel with each other, the other end of the first filter communicates with one end of the stack, the other end of the first heater communicates with the other end of the stack, and the other end of the stack of each of the second main circuits communicates with the first main circuit in parallel with each other.

3. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary circuits include an air compressor, an air pressure controller, a dc transformer, and a pump controller, one end of the air compressor, one end of the dc transformer, and one end of the pump controller are communicated with each other, and one end of the air compressor of each of the auxiliary circuits is communicated with the first main circuit in a manner of being parallel to each other, the other end of the air compressor is communicated with one end of the air pressure controller, the other end of the dc transformer, and the other end of the pump controller are interconnected to each other, and the other end of each of the air pressure controllers is communicated with the first main circuit in a manner of being parallel to each other.

4. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 3 wherein the first primary loop comprises a first heat exchange loop and a second heat exchange loop, the first heat exchange loop and the second primary loop in communication, the second heat exchange loop in communication with the auxiliary loop.

5. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the first heat exchange circuit comprises a first plate heat exchanger, a first three-way valve, a cooling tower, a first expansion tank, a first water pump, and a second filter, wherein an output end of the first plate heat exchanger is in communication with an input end of the cooling tower, a first output end of the cooling tower is in communication with one end of the first water pump, the other end of the first water pump is in communication with one end of the second filter, the other end of the second filter is in communication with an input end of the first plate heat exchanger, the first output end and the second output end of the cooling tower are both in communication with the first expansion tank, and the first output end of the first three-way valve is in communication with an input end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger.

6. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5 wherein the second heat exchange circuit comprises a second plate heat exchanger, a second three-way valve, a second water pump, a second expansion tank, a deionizer, a third expansion tank, and a third water pump;

The input end at one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the other end of the second filter, the output end at one side of the second plate heat exchanger is communicated with the output end at one side of the first plate heat exchanger, the input end at the other side of the second plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with one end of the second expansion water tank and the other end of the air pressure controller of each auxiliary loop, one end of the second water pump is respectively communicated with the output end at the other side of the second plate heat exchanger and the other end of the second expansion water tank, and one end of the second water pump is communicated with one end of the air compressor of each auxiliary loop;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of the intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of the deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of the electric pile of each second main loop.

7. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of deionizers, each of which corresponds to one of the second main circuits, one end of each of the deionizers communicates with the other end of the third expansion tank, and the other end of each of the deionizers communicates with the other end of the stack of one of the second main circuits.

8. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5 wherein the second heat exchange circuit comprises a second three-way valve, a deionizer, a third expansion tank, and a third water pump;

the first output end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the first three-way valve, one end of the third water pump is respectively communicated with the output end of the other side of the first plate heat exchanger, the second output end of the second three-way valve and one end of the third expansion water tank, the other end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of the intercooler of each second main loop, the other end of the third expansion water tank is communicated with one end of the deionizer, and the other end of the deionizer is communicated with the other end of the electric pile of each second main loop.

9. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5, further comprising a heating circuit in communication with the first primary circuit, the heating circuit configured to exchange heat with the first primary circuit to heat a heating target;

the heating circuit comprises a second heater, a heating room, a fourth expansion tank, a fourth water pump, a third filter and a third plate heat exchanger, wherein one end of the second heater is communicated with one end of the heating room, one end of the fourth water pump is respectively communicated with the other end of the heating room and one end of the fourth expansion tank, the other end of the fourth water pump is communicated with one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is communicated with one input end of one side of the third plate heat exchanger, and one output end of one side of the third plate heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the other end of the second heater and the other end of the fourth expansion tank.

10. A fuel cell thermal management method implemented by the fuel cell thermal management system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising:

The outlet temperature of the cooling tower is regulated to be a preset first target temperature by controlling the cooling tower and the first water pump of the first heat exchange loop;

adjusting the opening of a second three-way valve of the second heat exchange loop through pi or pid control, and controlling the inlet temperature of the electric pile to be a preset second target temperature;

the third water pump of the second heat exchange loop and the two-way valve of the second main loop are controlled through pi or pid control, and the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the electric pile is controlled to be a first target temperature difference;

and controlling the first three-way valve of the first heat exchange loop, the fourth water pump of the heating loop and the second heater through pi or pid control, and controlling the difference value between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a heating room of the heating loop to be a second target temperature difference.