CN109724915A - A kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and method - Google Patents

A kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and method Download PDF

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CN109724915A
CN109724915A CN201811383256.XA CN201811383256A CN109724915A CN 109724915 A CN109724915 A CN 109724915A CN 201811383256 A CN201811383256 A CN 201811383256A CN 109724915 A CN109724915 A CN 109724915A
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canopy
data
photosynthetically active
crop
active radiation
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CN109724915B (en
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郭新宇
温维亮
王传宇
武琦
郭焱
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Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture
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Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture
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Abstract

The present invention relates to IT application to agriculture technical fields, a kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and method is provided, it can be under normal conditions, the photosynthetically active radiation data and hemisphere image data measured respectively using acquisition device inside canopy outer harvesting portion and canopy are merged, realize the precise measurement to target crop canopy structure, direct projection, scattering and total photosynthetically active radiation data including designated position inside gap fraction, leaf area index and canopy, measuring relative to traditional canopy structure has promotion in measurement accuracy and efficiency;By the way that automatic radical occlusion device is arranged in canopy outer harvesting portion, so that the quantification of the luminous environment outside canopy, especially direct light and scattering light, can more accurately measure.The auxiliary information of part will be measured, by addition voice control and writing function, so that more simple and convenient in canopy structure measurement.

Description

A kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to IT application to agriculture technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and Method.
Background technique
Crop canopies is the organizational framework for fulfiling photosynthesis and substance production function, and morphosis intercepts and captures energy to light Power, canopy photosynthesis efficiency and crop yield all have great influence.Meanwhile canopy structure also embodies the heredity of crop varieties Characteristic and its adaptedness to environment, under the influence of h and E factor, space-variant when crop canopies morphosis has The opposite sex, up to the present, crop groups morphological feature are always human knowledge, analysis and the most basic mode for evaluating crop.
The crop canopies analytical equipment of mainstream includes following several at present: (1) SunScan Canopy Analyzer: providing pass In the valuable information for the limiting factor for influencing field crops growth, such as leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) etc..SunScan canopy analysis system withouts waiting for special weather condition and carries out using can be in most of illumination Under the conditions of measure work (preferably the period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m measure).(2) AccuPAR Canopy Analyzer:, AccuPAR similar with SunScan Plant canopy analyzer can measure PAR and LAI simultaneously.(3) HemiView Canopy Analyzer: pass through process image data file It is related with canopy structure to obtain, such as LAI, illumination gap (porosity) and gap distribution situation.
By the relevant information of analyzing radiation data, HemiView can be calculated under the PAR and canopy of canopy intercepting and capturing The radiation level of side.SunScan and two Canopy Analyzer of AccuPAR are more similar, different by light quantum meter precise measurement The photosynthetically active radiation of position, binding model inverting LAI, but measure PAR can not quantification direct projection and scattering radiation, can not yet Obtain the canopy architectural parameters such as hat gap score;HemiView be measured by the way of hemisphere image analysis canopy structural parameter and PAR, but be to estimate to obtain using spherical surface image combination external parameter due to calculating PAR, precision is unable to satisfy wanting for precise measurement It asks, also relies on manual operation.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming deficiency in the prior art, a kind of crop canopies structural analysis device and side are provided Method, with solve existing analytical equipment not can be implemented simultaneously porosity in canopy structure, leaf area index and it is photosynthetic effectively The problem of radiating precise measurement.
(2) technical solution
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, according to the first aspect of the invention, a kind of crop canopies structural analysis dress is provided It sets, comprising: acquisition device and data processing equipment inside canopy outer harvesting portion, canopy;
The canopy outer harvesting portion includes: automatic radical occlusion device, the first light together valid radiation sensor and first Data acquisition module, the automatic radical occlusion device block first photosynthetically active radiation according to the direction-adaptive of incident ray Sensor, first light together valid radiation sensor are electrically connected with first data acquisition module;
Acquisition device includes: hemisphere imaging sensor, the second data acquisition module and multiple second light inside the canopy Close Net long wave radiation sensor, the hemisphere imaging sensor and multiple second light together valid radiation sensors are with described second Data acquisition module electrical connection;
The intercommunication of the data processing equipment, the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module connects It connects, the data processing equipment is for obtaining by the number of first data acquisition module and the second data collecting module collected According to.
Preferably, the canopy outer harvesting portion further include: the first wireless transport module, pedestal and cover at described Photic hemisphere on pedestal, first data acquisition module are located at the chassis interior, and first photosynthetically active radiation passes Sensor is located at the sphere center position of the photic hemisphere, and the automatic radical occlusion device is according to the direction of incident ray around the light transmission half The centre of sphere of ball, which rotates, simultaneously blocks first light together valid radiation sensor, first wireless transport module with it is described The electrical connection of first data acquisition module.
Preferably, the automatic radical occlusion device includes: support rod and shielding plate, and the shielding plate is located at the support rod The center of one end, first light together valid radiation sensor is equipped with rotating mechanism, the other end of the support rod and institute State rotating mechanism connection.
Preferably, the photic hemisphere is spliced by multiple equal polygons.
Preferably, acquisition device further includes horizontal measurement bar inside the canopy, the multiple second photosynthetically active radiation Sensor is evenly distributed on the horizontal measurement bar, and the hemisphere imaging sensor is located in the middle part of the horizontal measurement bar, institute The second data acquisition module is stated to be fastened on the horizontal measurement bar.
Preferably, second data acquisition module is built-in with recording module and the second wireless transport module, the recording Module is for recording measurement data.
Preferably, each light together valid radiation sensor outer cover is equipped with light permeable protection.
According to the second aspect of the invention, it provides and a kind of utilizes crop canopies structural analysis device described in first aspect point The method for analysing crop canopies structure, comprising:
The photosynthetically active radiation data outside target crop are obtained using the canopy outer harvesting portion, the target is made The photosynthetically active radiation data in beyond the region of objective existence portion include: total photosynthetically active radiation, scattering photosynthetically active radiation and direct projection is photosynthetic has Effect radiation;The hemisphere image data of target crop internal measurement position i and photosynthetic is obtained using acquisition device inside the canopy Net long wave radiation data;Wherein i indicates measurement position different inside target crop;
Hemisphere image data and photosynthetically active radiation number based on the target crop canopy structure internal measurement position i According to obtaining the gap fraction of the measurement position i using more exposure image fusion methods.
Preferably, the method for the analysis crop canopies structure further include: obtain inside the canopy acquisition device close to The gap fraction data of ground location obtain target crop using the relation formula of leaf area index and gap fraction Leaf area index.
Preferably, the method for the analysis crop canopies structure further include:
According to outside the target crop canopy structure photosynthetically active radiation data, inside target crop canopy structure Photosynthetically active radiation data and gap fraction, scattering photosynthetically active radiation and the direct projection that measurement position i is calculated are photosynthetic Net long wave radiation;Wherein, the photosynthetically active radiation data inside the target crop canopy structure are all second photosynthetic effective spokes Penetrate the average value of the measured value of sensor.
(3) beneficial effect
Crop canopies structural analysis device and method provided by the invention, can under normal conditions, outside canopy The photosynthetically active radiation data and hemisphere image data that acquisition device measures respectively inside acquisition device and canopy are merged, real Now to designated position inside the precise measurement of target crop canopy structure, including gap fraction, leaf area index and canopy Direct projection, scattering and total photosynthetically active radiation data, measured in measurement accuracy and efficiency relative to traditional canopy structure There is promotion.
In addition, by the way that automatic radical occlusion device is arranged in canopy outer harvesting portion, so that the luminous environment outside canopy, especially It is the quantification of direct light and scattering light, can more accurately be measured.The auxiliary information of part will be measured, by adding voice Control and writing function, so that more simple and convenient in canopy structure measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is the present invention Some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis These attached drawings obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of crop canopies structural analysis device in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of canopy outer harvesting portion in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of acquisition device inside canopy in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of photic hemisphere in the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: 1, canopy outer harvesting portion;2, acquisition device inside canopy;The first photosynthetically active radiation of 101- sensing Device;The first data acquisition module of 102-;The first wireless transport module of 103-;104- pedestal;105- photic hemisphere;106- support Bar;107- shielding plate;201- hemisphere imaging sensor;The second data acquisition module of 202-;The second photosynthetically active radiation of 203- passes Sensor;204- horizontal measurement bar;205- horizontal bubble device;206- handle.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected;It can To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected;It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition Concrete meaning in invention.
Referring to figs. 1 to shown in Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of crop canopies structural analysis device, described device master To include two parts: acquisition device 2 inside canopy outer harvesting portion 1 and canopy, canopy outer harvesting portion 1 is for measuring mesh The photosynthetically active radiation data in beyond the region of objective existence portion are denoted as, acquisition device 2 is used to measure the hemisphere picture number inside target crop inside canopy According to photosynthetically active radiation data.
Specifically, canopy outer harvesting portion 1 include: automatic radical occlusion device, the first light together valid radiation sensor 101, First data acquisition module 102, the first wireless transport module 103, pedestal 104 and cover at photic hemisphere on pedestal 104 105, photic hemisphere 105 is hemisphere overlay model made of transparent material.It is polygon that photic hemisphere 105 is divided position N number of (N > 36) Shape, each polygon have transparent and block two states.
First light together valid radiation sensor 101 is electrically connected with the first data acquisition module 102, the first data acquisition module 102 for acquiring the photosynthetically active radiation data of the first light together valid radiation sensor 101 measurement.First data acquisition module 102 are located at the inside of pedestal 104, and the first light together valid radiation sensor 101 is positioned horizontally in the sphere center position of photic hemisphere 105, The sphere center position is also placed exactly in the upper surface center of pedestal 104.First wireless transport module 103 and the first data acquisition module 102 electrical connections, the data for acquiring the first data acquisition module 102 are wirelessly transmitted to data processing equipment, while also side Just wireless communication connection is realized with 202.
Wherein, automatic radical occlusion device rotates and around the centre of sphere of photic hemisphere 105 to the first light according to the direction of incident ray Net long wave radiation sensor 101 is closed to be blocked.When the first data acquisition module 102 receives the measurement of data processing equipment transmission When the instruction of external luminous environment, the first light together valid radiation sensor 101 measures total photosynthetically active radiation PAR firstTotal, from Then dynamic radical occlusion device blocks 3~4 polygons at light incident direction, the first photosynthetically active radiation senses at this time The device 101 scattering photosynthetically active radiation PAR measured in external luminous environmentDiffuse, total photosynthetically active radiation PARTotalWith dissipate Penetrate photosynthetically active radiation PARDiffuseDifference be direct projection photosynthetically active radiation PARDirect, while also can automatic measurement light Incidence angle θ.Specifically, automatic radical occlusion device includes: support rod 106 and shielding plate 107, and shielding plate 107 is located at support rod 106 One end, for blocking incident ray;The center of first light together valid radiation sensor 101 is equipped with rotating mechanism, support The other end of bar 106 is fixed on rotating mechanism.Rotating mechanism can according to the incidence angle of light drive support rod 106 rotation with Realize that light blocks.
In the above-described embodiments, acquisition device 2 includes: hemisphere imaging sensor 201, the second data acquisition module inside canopy Block 202 and multiple second light together valid radiation sensors 203, hemisphere imaging sensor 201 and multiple second photosynthetic effective spokes It penetrates sensor 203 to be electrically connected with the second data acquisition module 202, can be remembered by the button on the second data acquisition module 202 Data are recorded, and storage, information record etc. are grouped to data.Wherein, the second light together valid radiation sensor 203 is for measuring Photosynthetically active radiation in target crop, hemisphere imaging sensor are used to obtain the hemisphere image of measurement position, pass through exposure every time Light at least obtains the image of 3 width or more.
On the basis of the above embodiments, acquisition device 2 inside canopy further include: horizontal measurement bar 204, horizontal measurement bar 204 be the carrier of multiple sensors and controller, and bar is 1 meter or so long, and length can be adjusted as needed.Horizontal measurement bar 204 handheld terminal is additionally provided with horizontal bubble device 205, and horizontal bubble device 205 is used for the horizontal alignment of horizontal measurement bar 204. In addition, the handheld terminal in horizontal measurement bar 204 is additionally provided with handle 206, facilitate one-handed performance.Multiple second photosynthetically active radiations pass Sensor 203 is evenly distributed on horizontal measurement bar 204, and the outer cover of each light together valid radiation sensor 203 is protected equipped with light transmission Shield, waterproof and optical filtering when for field measurement, each same calibration of sensor.Hemisphere imaging sensor 201 is located at horizontal survey The middle part of gauge rod 204, the second data acquisition module 202 are fastened on the handheld terminal of horizontal measurement bar 204 by card slot.Second data Acquisition module 202 is built in inside handle 206, is adopted by data line and hemisphere imaging sensor 201 and multiple second data Collect module 202 to be electrically connected.
In addition, being additionally provided with recording module inside the second data acquisition module 202, recording module is used to record measurement data, After user pins voice record button, metrical information can record, such as the height measured, the kind, the density that measure crop, and with Measurement data is synchronous to be saved.It is additionally provided with the second wireless transport module inside second data acquisition module 202, it can be wireless by second Transmission module realizes the first data acquisition module 102 of the second data acquisition module 202 control distal end, can also pass through module reality The signal of existing data processing equipment and the second data acquisition module 202 transmits.In addition, in the second data acquisition module 202 also Storage card can recorde including fish eye images and photosynthetically active radiation data etc..
On the basis of the above embodiments, data processing equipment is located at long-range control terminal, is realized and is preced with by manual operation The data acquisition of acquisition device 2 inside layer outer harvesting portion 1 and canopy.Data processing equipment, the first data acquisition module 102 And second data acquisition module 202 between each other by respective wireless transport module realize communication connection, data processing dress It sets and is no more than 300 meters with the spacing of the first data acquisition module 102 and the second data acquisition module 202, it is wireless to guarantee The effect of communication.Data processing equipment sends the finger of photosynthetically active radiation outside measurement canopy to the first data acquisition module 102 It enables, data processing equipment sends photosynthetically active radiation inside measurement canopy to the second data acquisition module 202 and obtains hemisphere The instruction of image.
Crop canopies structural analysis device in above-described embodiment needs to set canopy outer harvesting portion 1 when in use Void spaces outside target crop can install tripod in 1 bottom of canopy outer harvesting portion, in order to place.Canopy The horizontal measurement bar 204 of internal acquisition device 2 is horizontally placed inside target crop, respectively to the ring of light outside target crop canopy Border and canopy internal structure data measure, to realize the photosphere structural analysis of target crop.
It specifically mainly include the gap fraction GF of measurement position to the canopy structure analysis of target cropi, leaf area refers to Several (Leaf Area Index, LAI) and photosynthetically active radiation (Photosynthetically Active Radiation, PAR), specifically analysis measuring process is as follows:
(1) gap fraction GFiMeasurement:
Firstly, obtaining the photosynthetically active radiation data outside target crop using canopy outer harvesting portion, wherein target Photosynthetically active radiation data outside crop include: total photosynthetically active radiation PARTotal, scattering photosynthetically active radiation PARDiffuseAnd direct projection photosynthetically active radiation PARDirect, these data pass through blocking in canopy outer harvesting portion automatically Device cooperates the first light together valid radiation sensor to realize.In addition, automatic radical occlusion device can also obtain the day of incident ray Vertex angle theta.Utilize the hemisphere image data of acquisition device acquisition target crop internal measurement position i and photosynthetic effective spoke inside canopy Penetrate data;Wherein i indicates measurement position different inside target crop.
Then, hemisphere image data and photosynthetically active radiation number based on target crop canopy structure internal measurement position i According to obtaining the gap fraction GF of measurement position i using more exposure image fusion methodsi.Wherein, more exposure image fusion method masters It include: the fusion of more exposure images, binaryzation and the ratio for calculating white pixel in image after binaryzation, specific as follows:
1) more exposure image fusions: the photosynthetically active radiation intensity data of current location i is E when shooting imageiWhen, camera shooting The time for exposure of machine is Δ t, the brightness value of the point on image are as follows: F (Iiv)=lnEi+lnΔtv, wherein i ∈ [1, n], v ∈ [1,m]。
Above formula discretization is obtainedCamera is calculated when D minimalization Receptance function F (Iiv), and then the light radiation intensity of each pixel is calculated by grey scale pixel value in following formula and image exposuring time, Complete the fusion of more exposure image sequences:
2) binaryzation: using the fused image of more exposure images as input, by the way that threshold value is arranged by the image two-value Change, obtains the bianry image of only monochrome pixels.
3) white pixel ratio in image after binaryzation: white pixel sum/image institute in current bianry image is counted There is sum of all pixels to get the gap fraction GF of measurement position i is arrivedi
(2) measurement of leaf area index (LAI):
The gap fraction data for obtaining acquisition device ground proximity position inside canopy, utilize leaf area index and canopy The relation formula of porosity obtains the leaf area index LAI of target crop.The relation formula specifically: LAI=-lnT (θ) Cos (θ)/G (θ, α), wherein T (θ) is the gap fraction under zenith angle θ, and G (θ, α) is projection function.In visual angle zenith angle When being 57 °, G (θ, α) is constant value 0.5.Therefore, the leaf area index LAI in the present embodiment is the measurement when zenith angle is 57 ° Data, LAI=-lnT (57 °) cos (57 °)/0.5, T (57 °) is that the zenith angle that obtains from hemisphere image is 57 ° of visual angles Gap fraction.
(3) measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR):
According to the photosynthetically active radiation data, photosynthetic inside target crop canopy structure outside target crop canopy structure Net long wave radiation data PARi TWith gap fraction GFi, the scattering photosynthetically active radiation PAR of measurement position i is calculatedi DifAnd Direct projection photosynthetically active radiation PARi Dir.Wherein, the photosynthetically active radiation data PAR inside target crop canopy structurei TIt is all The average value of the measured value of second light together valid radiation sensor, PARi TIt is total as inside target crop canopy structure photosynthetic to have Effect radiation.
Scatter photosynthetically active radiation PARi DifAnd direct projection photosynthetically active radiation PARi DirSpecific formula for calculation it is as follows: PARi Dif=PARDiffuse×GFi;PARi Dir=PARi T-PARi Dif.By above-mentioned formula, it is accurate measurement position can be calculated Scattering photosynthetically active radiation and direct projection photosynthetically active radiation
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of crop canopies structural analysis device characterized by comprising acquisition inside canopy outer harvesting portion, canopy Device and data processing equipment;
The canopy outer harvesting portion includes: automatic radical occlusion device, the first light together valid radiation sensor and the first data Acquisition module, the automatic radical occlusion device block first photosynthetically active radiation according to the direction-adaptive of incident ray and sense Device, first light together valid radiation sensor are electrically connected with first data acquisition module;
Acquisition device includes: that hemisphere imaging sensor, the second data acquisition module and multiple second photosynthetic have inside the canopy Imitate radiation sensor, the hemisphere imaging sensor and multiple second light together valid radiation sensors with second data Acquisition module electrical connection;
The intercommunication of the data processing equipment, the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module connects, institute Data processing equipment is stated for obtaining by the data of first data acquisition module and the second data collecting module collected.
2. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the canopy outer harvesting portion Further include: the first wireless transport module, pedestal and photic hemisphere on the pedestal is covered at, first data acquisition module Block is located at the chassis interior, and first light together valid radiation sensor is located at the sphere center position of the photic hemisphere, described Automatic radical occlusion device rotates and around the centre of sphere of the photic hemisphere to described first photosynthetic effective spoke according to the direction of incident ray It penetrates sensor to be blocked, first wireless transport module is electrically connected with first data acquisition module.
3. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the automatic radical occlusion device packet Include: support rod and shielding plate, the shielding plate are located at one end of the support rod, first light together valid radiation sensor Center is equipped with rotating mechanism, and the other end of the support rod is connect with the rotating mechanism.
4. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the photic hemisphere is by multiple phases Deng polygon be spliced.
5. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that acquisition device inside the canopy It further include horizontal measurement bar, the multiple second light together valid radiation sensor is evenly distributed on the horizontal measurement bar, institute It states hemisphere imaging sensor to be located in the middle part of the horizontal measurement bar, second data acquisition module is fastened on the horizontal measurement On bar.
6. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that second data acquisition module It is built-in with recording module and the second wireless transport module, the recording module is for recording measurement data.
7. crop canopies structural analysis device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that each photosynthetically active radiation Sensor external is arranged with light permeable protection.
8. a kind of crop canopies structure analysis method based on the crop canopies structure any in claim 1 to 7, feature It is, comprising:
The photosynthetically active radiation data outside target crop are obtained using the canopy outer harvesting portion, outside the target crop The photosynthetically active radiation data in portion include: total photosynthetically active radiation, scattering photosynthetically active radiation and the photosynthetic effective spoke of direct projection It penetrates;Using acquisition device inside the canopy obtain target crop internal measurement position i hemisphere image data and it is photosynthetic effectively Radiation data;Wherein i indicates measurement position different inside target crop;
Based on the hemisphere image data and photosynthetically active radiation data of the target crop canopy structure internal measurement position i, adopt With more exposure image fusion methods, the gap fraction of the measurement position i is obtained.
9. crop canopies structure analysis method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include: obtain the canopy The gap fraction data of internal acquisition device ground proximity position, it is public using leaf area index and the relationship of gap fraction Formula obtains the leaf area index of target crop.
10. crop canopies structure analysis method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include: according to the target Photosynthetically active radiation data and hat inside the photosynthetically active radiation data of crop canopies structural outer, target crop canopy structure Layer porosity, is calculated the scattering photosynthetically active radiation and direct projection photosynthetically active radiation of measurement position i;Wherein, the mesh It is denoted as the flat of the measured value that the photosynthetically active radiation data inside object canopy structure are all second light together valid radiation sensors Mean value.
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