CN105004327A - Intelligent terminal-based vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system - Google Patents
Intelligent terminal-based vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105004327A CN105004327A CN201510401624.9A CN201510401624A CN105004327A CN 105004327 A CN105004327 A CN 105004327A CN 201510401624 A CN201510401624 A CN 201510401624A CN 105004327 A CN105004327 A CN 105004327A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
Abstract
An intelligent terminal-based vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system is composed of hardware and software, and the hardware and the software are compatible; the hardware comprises an information acquisition intelligent terminal and a user operating control platform, and the information acquisition intelligent terminal is in wireless connection with the user operating control platform; the information acquisition intelligent terminal is an intelligent mobile phone system, and the user operating control platform is an intelligent mobile phone or a tablet computer system; the software comprises an information acquisition software module, a wireless transmission control module and a real-time calculation and storage module; the information acquisition module transmits acquired image information and position and attitude information to the real-time calculation and storage module through the wireless transmission control module, and the real-time calculation and storage module completes data calculation and storage; and above three software modules are respectively disposed in more than two hardware systems. The intelligent terminal-based vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system combining an intelligent terminal service technology with vegetation leaf area index measurement in agricultural engineering realizes convenient low-cost and multi-information integrated acquisition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system based on intelligent terminal, it is a kind of Portable type measurement unit obtaining vegetation leaf area index based on intelligent terminal platform, apply relevant with Vegetation canopy information acquisition, belong to Agriculture and ecology and to learn a skill field.
Technical background
Land table vegetation blade is that interactive major interfaces is carried out in vegetation and air and solar radiation, and leaf area index, being defined as the half of all blade table areas of vegetation in unit area, is be used to describe the major parameter that vegetation and external environment carry out Exchange of material and energy.Therefore, the important channel that vegetation leaf area index is research vegetation growth developmental condition and accumulation biomass thereof is obtained.
The acquisition methods of canopy leaf area index has direct measurement method and indirect measurement method, although direct method is considered to the most a kind of measurement means, but, because needs destructiveness is sampled and needs to spend more manpower and time cost, therefore, in Agro-ecology monitoring, the method really with actual application value relies on indirect inspection more.And in indirect measurement methods all at present and equipment, can be divided into two classes, one is based on hand-held point-to-point measurement.Current hand-held is measured in the method and apparatus of leaf area index, and imaging measurement and non-imaged can be divided into again to measure.Wherein imaging measurement mode utilizes a kind of imaging sensor, carry out upwards or downwards taking pictures to Vegetation canopy, by vegetation in comparison film and background (sky or soil) pixel classifications, obtain the number of pixels ratio of vegetation in whole photo, thus obtain Canopy cover degrees, and estimate leaf area index further based on coverage.But not imaging mode, then obtain the Vegetation canopy top sun descending total radiant flux, measure simultaneously canopy inner through total radiant flux, utilize the ratio of radiation flux inside and outside canopy, calculate canopy transmitance, more further according to radiation transfer equation estimation leaf area index.
Content of the present invention, according to above sorting technique, belongs to the imaging type measurement scheme in hand-held point-to-point measurement method.In published patent of invention, patent CN102538717A. " automatic leaf area index observation system and method thereof ", patent CN102778212A. " a kind of method and device utilizing digital camera acquisition rice canopy leaf area index ", patent CN101916438A. " hemisphere Photographic technique obtains the method for the equal Leaf inclination of rice canopy leaf area index peace " and patent content of the present invention are relatively, but patent content of the present invention is different from above patent of invention content from imaging sensor type, data processing method.The slr camera of above patent imaging sensor or dependence specialty, rely on common digital camera, to in the control mode of these imaging sensors, are all the modes taking artificial direct control imaging sensor, do not have a kind of invention to be utilize intelligent terminal platform to realize collection and the calculating of data.In addition, because these imaging sensor platforms itself do not possess data-handling capacity, they cannot realize the real-time calculating to leaf area index, that is, they are gathered by field data, then get back in laboratory and carry out late time data process, just can obtain Vegetation canopy leaf area index.
The present invention is directed to existing imaging method and measure Problems existing in leaf area index, propose and realize the real-time leaf area index measurement of Vegetation canopy imaging method based on smart machine (as smart mobile phone or panel computer).Compared with existing publication, the present invention no longer needs user to provide the imaging device of specialty, only needs current general intelligence cell phone platform, does not need extra interior industry work, just can obtain vegetation leaf area index in real time.More in addition, compared with obtaining leaf area index scheme with existing imaging mode, the present invention can based on the GPS sensor of intelligent terminal and gyro attitude sensor, while acquisition leaf area index, can also obtain longitude and latitude and the shooting angle of measuring position, these data can be used for carrying out data analysis further.This integrated ground obtains the mode of much information, does not relate in current existing patent of invention.Be the smart machine of current comparative maturity due to what utilize, and realize the real-time calculating of data based on the operating system of equipment to have that sensor easily obtains, data easily process and lower-cost advantage.The present invention utilizes wireless network mode to carry out Data acquisition and transmit, makes the efficiency that invention increases field data acquisition.
Summary of the invention
(1) goal of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system based on intelligent terminal, it one is imaging and the high-performance calculation function of the intelligent terminal making full use of current maturation, realizes vegetation leaf area index and calculates in real time; Two is realize multi-sensor data integrated, and while measurement vegetation leaf area index, obtain the live-pictures of sampled point, longitude and latitude position and camera attitude, the low cost realizing multi-source information obtains.
Ripe intelligent terminal service technology combines with vegetation leaf area index measurement in agricultural engineering by the present invention, completes a kind of vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system, can realize convenient, low cost, multi information integral collecting.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system based on intelligent terminal, and it is made up of hardware and software, and both are compatible each other.
Described hardware, comprises information acquisition intelligent terminal, user operation parametric controller; Pass through wireless connections between the two.This information acquisition intelligent terminal is an intelligent mobile phone system, requires GP configuring sensor, gyro sensor, ambient lighting sensor, imaging sensor, WIFI sensor, and operating system is Android more than 4.0.This user operation parametric controller is a smart mobile phone or panel computer system, only require there is identical operating system (Android more than 4.0) and there is WIFI sensor, for the not requirement of other sensor with the difference of information acquisition intelligent terminal.
Described software, comprises Information Gathering Software module, radio transmission control module and calculates memory module in real time.Relation is therebetween: the image information of collection and position and attitude information are transferred to by radio transmission control module and calculate memory module in real time by information acquisition module, and completes data and calculate and store calculating memory module in real time.Three software modules are deployed in above two kinds of hardware systems respectively.Wherein Information Gathering Software module is embedded in information acquisition intelligent terminal; Radio transmission control module is deployed in information acquisition intelligent terminal and user operation parametric controller respectively, is responsible for setting up information acquisition terminal and is connected with user operation parametric controller; Real-time calculating memory module is embedded in user operation parametric controller intelligent terminal system.Annexation between them as shown in Figure 1.
This Information Gathering Software module is made up of four submodules: initialization submodule, imaging sensor calling module, GPS sensor calling module, gyrosensor calling module.Whether the call relation between them is: in initialization submodule, check whether imaging sensor, GPS sensor, gyrosensor exist, according to inspection situation, record the state of each sensor, namely exist.If imaging sensor does not exist, then cannot enter follow-up flow process, otherwise the record result that system checks according to initialization, calls to the sensor existed.If imaging sensor exists, then enter imaging sensor calling module, if call successfully, preview real time imagery result on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen.If GPS sensor exists, then enter GPS sensor calling module, from GPS sensor, obtain the longitude and latitude of current location, be simultaneously displayed on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, if GPS exists but calls unsuccessful, at the longitude and latitude numerical value of Screen Display system acquiescence.If gyrosensor exists, then enter gyrosensor calling module, if call successfully, then the attitude information of display terminal on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, comprises the angle of pitch and roll angle.Information Gathering Software inside modules submodule call relation process flow diagram as shown in Figure 2.
This radio transmission control module is made up of two submodules: the first is deployed in network sweep in information acquisition intelligent terminal and connexon module, and it two is be deployed in network service in user operation parametric controller and picture control submodule.Connected by WIFI network between two submodules.The data flow being wherein deployed in network sweep in information acquisition intelligent terminal and connexon module is: judge whether information acquisition terminal opens WIFI sensor, if do not opened, then points out user to open WIFI sensor, then waits for that user opens.If opened, then scan neighbouring WIFI hot spot, select according to user, connect the focus from user operation parametric controller, if successful connection, then on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, show present terminal IP address, wait for that user operation parametric controller terminal sends request of data.Network service wherein in deployment user operation parametric controller and the workflow of picture control submodule are: wait for that user opens the WLAN hot spot that user operation controls worktable, then, user arranges the network ip address that current information gathers intelligent terminal, data connection request is sent to information acquisition intelligent terminal by user operation parametric controller, once connection request success, set up lasting network between two terminals and connect.Final realization can show all the elements of information acquisition intelligent terminal screen on user operation parametric controller, thus ensures to carry out network monitoring to information acquisition intelligent terminal on user operation parametric controller.
This calculates memory module in real time and is deployed in user operation parametric controller, and the image that responsible reception radio transmission control module transmits also processes automatically to image, and is responsible for result to be kept on the storer of user operation parametric controller terminal.Real-time calculating memory module is made up of two submodules: one is Images Classification calculating sub module, and two is data sub module stored.Data cube computation relation between them is: after Images Classification submodule completes classification and calculating, longitude and latitude when result of calculation and Image Acquisition and attitude information are sent to data sub module stored, above data store on a memory by data sub module stored, so far complete measurement and the storing process of vegetation leaf area index.
Wherein the course of work of Images Classification calculating sub module is: the original color image (RGB) transmitted by radio transmission control module extracts RGB three wave band datas respectively, R (Red) respectively, G (Green), B (Blue); According to shooting direction, select corresponding characteristic of division: if to photographs, build characteristic of division:
C＝B (1)
If taken downwards, build:
C＝(2G-R-B)/(2G+R+B) (2)
For the characteristic of division C determined, adopt Otsu algorithm to carry out the classification of light and shade pixel, entire image is divided into vegetation pixel and background pixel by the result of classification; Finally add up the ratio that background pixel accounts for whole pixel, this calculated value is in Current observation direction canopy clearance rate (P); According to clearance rate model assessment leaf area index, namely
LAI＝-2ln(p)cos(θ) (3)
The zenith angle of the information acquisition intelligent terminal obtained time wherein θ is shooting image.
Wherein the course of work of data sub module stored is: obtain pass over from radio transmission control module original image, longitude and latitude and elevation numerical value, tilt values, imaging time, image, clearance rate P after the classification of the output of acquisition Images Classification calculating sub module, leaf area index.Operating path is set according to user, above data are stored in operating path.
Advantage and effect:
The present invention is based on the vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system of intelligent terminal, its advantage is:
1 utilizes current main-stream intelligent terminal platform, realizes calculating Vegetation canopy leaf area index, reduces field trial cost.
2 transmission utilizing the wireless connections between intelligent terminal to realize between terminal, realize measuring system portable, facilitate field operation.
3 obtain canopy leaf area index, longitude and latitude, elevation, shooting sensor attitude information automatically simultaneously, improve field data and obtain efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 system composition and connection layout.
Fig. 2 Information Gathering Software inside modules submodule call relation process flow diagram.
Fig. 3 system assembling effect is as figure.
Fig. 4 test block and measurement route schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 LAISmart and LAI-2000 measurement result compare scatter diagram.
Fig. 6 LAISmart and LAI-2000 measurement result comparison histogram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing Fig. 1-Fig. 6 and embodiment, content of the present invention is further described.
The present invention is a kind of vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system based on intelligent terminal, and it is made up of hardware and software, and both are compatible each other.On hardware, it is made up of information acquisition intelligent terminal, user operation parametric controller, and their assembling effect as shown in Figure 3.Wireless connections are passed through between information acquisition intelligent terminal and user operation parametric controller.
Carry out Vegetation canopy leaf area index surveying work step in the wild as follows:
1. pair system is arranged, and the information of setting comprises: style of shooting (up or down); Acquiescence longitude and latitude; Image transmitting ratio of compression.
2. open the WLAN hot spot switch of user operation parametric controller, and hotspot name is set and is connected username and password
3. in information acquisition intelligent terminal, open WIFI switch, find hotspot name in step 2, input login username and password, be connected to user operation parametric controller by information acquisition intelligent terminal.Once successful connection, information acquisition intelligent terminal screen will show the IP address of information acquisition intelligent terminal.User needs this IP address to record.
4. at user operation parametric controller, click connection terminal button, the screen of information acquisition intelligent terminal will be seen on user operation parametric controller, comprise preview picture window and current longitude and latitude and the angle of pitch (inclination angle).
5., at user operation parametric controller, click " acquisition image " button, will by the image in information acquisition terminal by wireless network transmissions on user operation parametric controller.
6., on user operation parametric controller, click " starting to calculate ", will classify based on present image, show the classify clearance rate obtained and the leaf area index calculated simultaneously.
Calculated examples
1. test block
Test block is positioned at Beijing Normal University's science and technology building needle pine in front of the door.We select after the sun sets, and time sky scattering light is stronger, carried out the test experiments of LAISmart equipment in this region, simultaneously in order to the comparison of result, we have also synchronously carried out the observation of LAI-2000 equipment.Test block and course are as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, the direction of arrow represents direct of travel, and LAISmart and LAI-2000 is all that interval five step carries out one-shot measurement.In North and South direction, the metering system of LAI-2000 is on one seven time, is at east-west direction on one five time.12 hatching lines are had altogether, digitized representation hatching line numbering in figure in experiment.
LAI-2000 measurement result and the comparison of LAISmart measurement result
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can find out, the measurement result comparison of coherence of LAI-2000 and LAISmart is good, and coefficient of determination is 0.89, and root-mean-square error is only 0.09.Mean absolute error between two instruments is only 0.17, shows to have good consistance between LAISmart measurement result and external import instrument measurement result.
2. LAISmart measurement data
Table 1 LAISmart measurement result
Table 1 LAISmart measurement result (Continued)
Table 1 LAISmart measurement result (Continued)
3. LAI-2000 measurement data
Table 2 LAI-2000 measurement result
| LAI-2000-01 | LAI-2000-02 | LAI-2000 average | |
| 1 | 1.90 | 2.26 | 2.08 |
| 2 | 1.77 | 1.80 | 1.79 |
| 3 | 1.84 | 1.69 | 1.77 |
| 4 | 1.40 | 1.66 | 1.53 |
| 5 | 1.85 | 1.79 | 1.82 |
| 6 | 2.16 | 2.17 | 2.17 |
| 7 | 2.20 | 2.14 | 2.17 |
| 8 | 1.39 | 1.75 | 1.57 |
| 9 | 2.26 | 2.24 | 2.25 |
| 10 | 2.27 | 2.51 | 2.39 |
| 11 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 1.25 |
| 12 | 1.55 | 1.57 | 1.56 |
Claims (1)
1., based on a vegetation leaf area index information automatic measurement system for intelligent terminal, it is characterized in that: it is made up of hardware and software, both are compatible each other;
Described hardware, comprises information acquisition intelligent terminal, user operation parametric controller, passes through wireless connections between the two; This information acquisition intelligent terminal is an intelligent mobile phone system, requires GP configuring sensor, gyro sensor, ambient lighting sensor, imaging sensor, WIFI sensor, and operating system is Android more than 4.0; This user operation parametric controller is a smart mobile phone or panel computer system, is only require have identical operating system and have WIFI sensor with the difference of information acquisition intelligent terminal;
Described software, comprises Information Gathering Software module, radio transmission control module and calculates memory module in real time; The image information of collection and position and attitude information are transferred to by radio transmission control module and calculate memory module in real time by information acquisition module, and complete data and calculate and store calculating memory module in real time; Three software modules are deployed in above two kinds of hardware systems respectively, and wherein Information Gathering Software module is embedded in information acquisition intelligent terminal; Radio transmission control module is deployed in information acquisition intelligent terminal and user operation parametric controller respectively, is responsible for setting up information acquisition terminal and is connected with user operation parametric controller; Real-time calculating memory module is embedded in user operation parametric controller intelligent terminal system;
This Information Gathering Software module is made up of four submodules: initialization submodule, imaging sensor calling module, GPS sensor calling module, gyrosensor calling module; Whether call relation is: in initialization submodule, check whether imaging sensor, GPS sensor, gyrosensor exist, according to inspection situation, record the state of each sensor, namely exist; If imaging sensor does not exist, then cannot enter follow-up flow process, otherwise the record result that system checks according to initialization, calls to the sensor existed; If imaging sensor exists, then enter imaging sensor calling module, if call successfully, preview real time imagery result on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen; If GPS sensor exists, then enter GPS sensor calling module, from GPS sensor, obtain the longitude and latitude of current location, be simultaneously displayed on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, if GPS exists but calls unsuccessful, at the longitude and latitude numerical value of Screen Display system acquiescence; If gyrosensor exists, then enter gyrosensor calling module, if call successfully, then the attitude information of display terminal on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, comprises the angle of pitch and roll angle;
This radio transmission control module is made up of two submodules, the first is deployed in network sweep in information acquisition intelligent terminal and connexon module, it two is be deployed in network service in user operation parametric controller and picture control submodule, is connected between two submodules by WIFI network, the data flow being wherein deployed in network sweep in information acquisition intelligent terminal and connexon module is: judge whether information acquisition terminal opens WIFI sensor, if do not opened, then points out user to open WIFI sensor, then waits for that user opens, if opened, then scan neighbouring WIFI hot spot, select according to user, connect the focus from user operation parametric controller, if successful connection, then on information acquisition intelligent terminal screen, show present terminal IP address, wait for that user operation parametric controller terminal sends request of data, network service wherein in deployment user operation parametric controller and the workflow of picture control submodule are: wait for that user opens the WLAN hot spot that user operation controls worktable, then, user arranges the network ip address that current information gathers intelligent terminal, data connection request is sent to information acquisition intelligent terminal by user operation parametric controller, once connection request success, set up lasting network between two terminals to connect, final realization shows all the elements of information acquisition intelligent terminal screen on user operation parametric controller, thus ensure to carry out network monitoring to information acquisition intelligent terminal on user operation parametric controller,
This calculates memory module in real time and is deployed in user operation parametric controller, and the image that responsible reception radio transmission control module transmits also processes automatically to image, and is responsible for result to be kept on the storer of user operation parametric controller terminal; Real-time calculating memory module is made up of two submodules: one is Images Classification calculating sub module, and two is data sub module stored; After Images Classification submodule completes classification and calculating, longitude and latitude when result of calculation and Image Acquisition and attitude information are sent to data sub module stored, above data store on a memory by data sub module stored, so far complete measurement and the storing process of vegetation leaf area index;
Wherein the course of work of Images Classification calculating sub module is: the original color image (RGB) transmitted by radio transmission control module extracts RGB three wave band datas respectively, R (Red) respectively, G (Green), B (Blue); According to shooting direction, select corresponding characteristic of division: if to photographs, build characteristic of division:
C＝B (1)
If taken downwards, build:
C＝(2G-R-B)/(2G+R+B) (2)
For the characteristic of division C determined, adopt Otsu algorithm to carry out the classification of light and shade pixel, entire image is divided into vegetation pixel and background pixel by the result of classification; Finally add up the ratio that background pixel accounts for whole pixel, this calculated value is in Current observation direction canopy clearance rate (P); According to clearance rate model assessment leaf area index, namely
LAI＝-2ln(p)cos(θ) (3)
The zenith angle of the information acquisition intelligent terminal obtained time wherein θ is shooting image;
Wherein the course of work of data sub module stored is: obtain pass over from radio transmission control module original image, longitude and latitude and elevation numerical value, tilt values, imaging time, image, clearance rate P after the classification of the output of acquisition Images Classification calculating sub module, leaf area index, operating path is set according to user, above data are stored in operating path.
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| CN105890549A (en) * | 2016-05-14 | 2016-08-24 | 平顶山学院 | Portable measuring instrument of forest gap light spots and vegetation coverage |
| CN106989700A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-28 | 东华大学 | A kind of plant canopy leaf area index TRAC measuring instruments based on smart mobile phone |
| CN107610066A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-19 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of leaf area index measuring method |
| CN107782259A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-09 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of measurement of leaf area index based on wireless sensor network |
| CN113722519A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | 南京农业大学 | Crop phenotype cloud platform analysis system and method |
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