CN109724915B - Crop canopy structure analysis device and method - Google Patents
Crop canopy structure analysis device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural informatization, and provides a crop canopy structure analysis device and a method, which can realize the accurate measurement of a target crop canopy structure by fusing photosynthetic effective radiation data and hemispherical image data respectively measured by a canopy external acquisition device and a canopy internal acquisition device under the conventional condition, wherein the photosynthetic effective radiation data comprise canopy porosity, leaf area index, direct projection and scattering of a designated position in the canopy and total photosynthetic effective radiation data, and the measurement precision and efficiency are improved compared with the traditional canopy structure measurement; through set up automatic device that shelters from in the external collection system of canopy for the light environment of canopy outside, especially the quantification of direct light and scattered light, measurement that can be more accurate. The auxiliary information of the measurement part is more simple and convenient when the canopy structure is measured by adding the voice control and recording functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural informatization, and particularly relates to a crop canopy structure analysis device and method.
Background
Crop canopies are an organizational system that performs photosynthesis and material production functions, and their morphological structure has a significant impact on light capture capacity, canopy photosynthetic efficiency, and crop yield. Meanwhile, the canopy structure also reflects the genetic characteristics of crop varieties and the adaptation degree of the crop varieties to the environment, the crop canopy morphological structure has space-time variability under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, and the crop population morphological characteristics are always the most basic mode for human beings to recognize, analyze and evaluate crops up to now.
The current mainstream crop canopy analysis device comprises the following devices: (1) SunScan canopy analyzer: valuable information about limiting factors affecting crop growth in the field, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), etc., is provided. The SunScan canopy analysis system does not need to wait for special weather conditions to be used, and can perform measurement work under most lighting conditions (preferably at noon). (2) AccuPAR canopy analyzer: similar to SunScan, the AccuPAR plant canopy analyzer can measure PAR and LAI simultaneously. (3) HemiView canopy Analyzer: the image data file is processed to obtain information about the canopy structure, such as LAI, light clearance (porosity), and clearance distribution.
By analyzing the relevant information of the radiation data, HemiView can measure the PAR intercepted by the canopy and the radiation level below the canopy. The SunScan and AccuPAR canopy analyzers are similar, photosynthetically active radiation at different positions is accurately measured through a photon quantum meter, LAI is inverted by combining a model, but direct radiation and scattered radiation cannot be quantified through measured PAR, and population structure parameters such as a canopy gap fraction cannot be obtained; HemiView measures the parameters of the canopy structure and PAR by adopting a hemispherical image analysis mode, but because the PAR is calculated by utilizing a spherical image and combining external parameters, the precision cannot meet the requirement of accurate measurement, and the method also depends on manual operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a crop canopy structure analysis device and a crop canopy structure analysis method, so as to solve the problem that the existing analysis device cannot simultaneously realize accurate measurement of porosity, leaf area index and photosynthetically active radiation in a canopy structure.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crop canopy structure analysis apparatus comprising: the device comprises a canopy external acquisition device, a canopy internal acquisition device and a data processing device;
the canopy exterior harvesting assembly comprises: the automatic shielding device is used for shielding the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor in a self-adaptive manner according to the direction of incident light, and the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor is electrically connected with the first data acquisition module;
the canopy interior acquisition device comprises: the photosynthetically active radiation sensor comprises a hemispherical image sensor, a second data acquisition module and a plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors, wherein the hemispherical image sensor and the second photosynthetically active radiation sensors are electrically connected with the second data acquisition module;
the data processing device, the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module are in communication connection with each other, and the data processing device is used for acquiring data acquired by the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module.
Preferably, the canopy outer acquisition device further comprises: first wireless transmission module, base and cover are located printing opacity hemisphere on the base, first data acquisition module is located inside the base, first photosynthetic active radiation sensor is located the centre of sphere position of printing opacity hemisphere, it winds to shelter from the device automatically according to the direction of incident light the centre of sphere of printing opacity hemisphere rotates and is right first photosynthetic active radiation sensor shelters from, first wireless transmission module with first data acquisition module electricity is connected.
Preferably, the automatic shielding apparatus includes: the photosynthetic active radiation sensor comprises a support rod and a shielding piece, wherein the shielding piece is positioned at one end of the support rod, a rotating mechanism is arranged at the central position of the first photosynthetic active radiation sensor, and the other end of the support rod is connected with the rotating mechanism.
Preferably, the transparent hemisphere is formed by splicing a plurality of equal polygons.
Preferably, the canopy internal acquisition device further comprises a horizontal measuring rod, the plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors are uniformly distributed on the horizontal measuring rod, the hemispherical image sensor is located in the middle of the horizontal measuring rod, and the second data acquisition module is clamped on the horizontal measuring rod.
Preferably, the second data acquisition module is internally provided with a recording module and a second wireless transmission module, and the recording module is used for recording the measurement data.
Preferably, each photosynthetically active radiation sensor is externally sheathed with a light-transmissive protective cover.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of analysing a crop canopy structure using the crop canopy structure analysis apparatus of the first aspect, comprising:
acquiring photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop by using the canopy exterior acquisition device, wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop comprises: total photosynthetically active radiation, scattered photosynthetically active radiation and direct photosynthetically active radiation; acquiring hemispherical image data and photosynthetically active radiation data of a target crop internal measurement position i by using the canopy internal acquisition device; wherein i represents different measurement locations within the target crop;
and obtaining the canopy porosity of the measuring position i by adopting a multi-exposure image fusion method based on the hemisphere image data and the photosynthetically active radiation data of the measuring position i in the target crop canopy structure.
Preferably, the method for analyzing the canopy structure of a crop further comprises: and acquiring canopy porosity data of the position, close to the ground, of the canopy internal acquisition device, and obtaining the leaf area index of the target crop by using a relational formula of the leaf area index and the canopy porosity.
Preferably, the method for analyzing the canopy structure of a crop further comprises:
calculating to obtain scattered photosynthetic effective radiation and direct photosynthetic effective radiation of a measurement position i according to the photosynthetic effective radiation data outside the target crop canopy structure, the photosynthetic effective radiation data inside the target crop canopy structure and the canopy porosity; wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data within the canopy structure of the target crop is an average of the measurements of all second photosynthetically active radiation sensors.
(III) advantageous effects
The crop canopy structure analysis device and the crop canopy structure analysis method provided by the invention can realize the accurate measurement of the target crop canopy structure by fusing the photosynthetically active radiation data and the hemisphere image data which are respectively measured by the canopy external acquisition device and the canopy internal acquisition device under the conventional condition, wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data comprise the porosity of the canopy, the leaf area index, the direct radiation and the scattering of the designated position in the canopy and the total photosynthetically active radiation data, and the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency are improved compared with the traditional canopy structure measurement.
In addition, an automatic shielding device is arranged in the external acquisition device of the canopy, so that the light environment outside the canopy, particularly the quantification of direct light and scattered light, can be measured more accurately. The auxiliary information of the measurement part is more simple and convenient when the canopy structure is measured by adding the voice control and recording functions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for analyzing a canopy structure of a crop according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a canopy outer acquisition device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a canopy internal acquisition device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a transparent hemisphere according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a canopy exterior collection device; 2. a canopy interior acquisition device; 101-a first photosynthetically active radiation sensor; 102-a first data acquisition module; 103-a first wireless transmission module; 104-a base; 105-a light-transmissive hemisphere; 106-support rods; 107-shielding sheets; 201-hemispherical image sensor; 202-a second data acquisition module; 203-a second photosynthetically active radiation sensor; 204-horizontal measuring rod; 205-horizontal bubble device; 206-handle.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for analyzing a crop canopy structure, the apparatus mainly includes two parts: the device comprises a canopy external acquisition device 1 and a canopy internal acquisition device 2, wherein the canopy external acquisition device 1 is used for measuring photosynthetic effective radiation data outside a target crop, and the canopy internal acquisition device 2 is used for measuring hemispherical image data and photosynthetic effective radiation data inside the target crop.
Specifically, the canopy outer collecting device 1 includes: the automatic shielding device, the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101, the first data acquisition module 102, the first wireless transmission module 103, the base 104 and the transparent hemisphere 105 covering the base 104, wherein the transparent hemisphere 105 is a hemisphere covering model made of transparent materials. The light-transmissive hemisphere 105 is equally divided into N (N >36) polygons, each polygon having both transparent and blocking states.
The first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101 is electrically connected to the first data acquisition module 102, and the first data acquisition module 102 is configured to acquire photosynthetically active radiation data measured by the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101. The first data acquisition module 102 is located inside the base 104, and the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101 is horizontally located at the center of the transparent hemisphere 105, which is also located right in the center of the upper surface of the base 104. The first wireless transmission module 103 is electrically connected to the first data acquisition module 102, and is configured to wirelessly transmit data acquired by the first data acquisition module 102 to a data processing apparatus, and meanwhile, is also convenient to implement wireless communication connection with the first data acquisition module 202.
Wherein the automatic shielding device rotates around the center of the transparent hemisphere 105 according to the direction of the incident light and shields the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101. When the first data acquisition module 102 receives an instruction for measuring the external light environment sent by the data processing device, the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101 first measures the total photosynthetically active radiation PARTotalThe automatic shielding device shields 3-4 polygons at the incident direction of light, and the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101 only measures the scattered photosynthetically active radiation PAR in the external light environmentDiffuseTotal photosynthetically active radiation PARTotalPhotosynthetically active radiation PAR with scatteringDiffuseThe difference is the direct photosynthetic active radiation PARDirectMeanwhile, the incident angle theta of the light can be automatically measured. Specifically, the automatic shielding apparatus includes: the supporting rod 106 and the shielding piece 107, the shielding piece 107 is positioned at one end of the supporting rod 106 and is used for shielding incident light; the center of the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor 101 is provided with a rotating mechanism, and the other end of the support rod 106 is fixed on the rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism can drive the supporting rod 106 to rotate according to the incident angle of the light to realize the light shielding.
In the above embodiment, the intracoronary harvesting device 2 comprises: the hemispherical image sensor 201, the second data acquisition module 202 and the plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors 203 are electrically connected to the second data acquisition module 202, and the hemispherical image sensor 201 and the plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors 203 can record data through buttons on the second data acquisition module 202, and perform grouping storage, information recording and the like on the data. Wherein the second photosynthetically active radiation sensor 203 is used for measuring photosynthetically active radiation in the target crop, the hemispherical image sensor is used for acquiring a hemispherical image of the measurement position, and at least more than 3 images are acquired through exposure each time.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the intracoronary canopy collecting apparatus 2 further includes: the horizontal measuring rod 204, the horizontal measuring rod 204 is a carrier of various sensors and controllers, the length of the rod is about 1 meter, and the length can be adjusted according to needs. The handheld end of the leveling rod 204 is also provided with a level bubble device 205, and the level bubble device 205 is used for level calibration of the leveling rod 204. In addition, a handle 206 is arranged at the handheld end of the horizontal measuring rod 204, so that the operation with one hand is convenient. A plurality of second photosynthetic active radiation sensors 203 are uniformly distributed on the horizontal measuring rod 204, and a light-transmitting protective cover is sleeved outside each photosynthetic active radiation sensor 203 and used for water proofing and light filtering during field measurement, and all the sensors are calibrated in the same way. The hemispherical image sensor 201 is located in the middle of the horizontal measuring rod 204, and the second data acquisition module 202 is clamped at the handheld end of the horizontal measuring rod 204 through a clamping groove. The second data acquisition module 202 is arranged inside the handle 206 and electrically connected with the hemispherical image sensor 201 and the plurality of second data acquisition modules 202 through data lines.
In addition, a recording module is further arranged inside the second data acquisition module 202, and is used for recording measurement data, and after a user presses a voice recording button, measurement information such as the measured height, the variety of the measured crop, the density and the like can be recorded and stored synchronously with the measurement data. The second data acquisition module 202 is also internally provided with a second wireless transmission module, which can control the remote first data acquisition module 102 by the second data acquisition module 202, and can also realize the signal transmission between the data processing device and the second data acquisition module 202. In addition, the second data acquisition module 202 also has a memory card, which can record data including a fisheye image and photosynthetically active radiation.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the data processing device is located at a remote control end, and the data acquisition of the canopy external acquisition device 1 and the canopy internal acquisition device 2 is realized through manual operation. The data processing device, the first data acquisition module 102 and the second data acquisition module 202 are in communication connection with each other through respective wireless transmission modules, and the distance between the data processing device and the first data acquisition module 102 and the distance between the data processing device and the second data acquisition module 202 do not exceed 300 meters, so that the effect of wireless communication is ensured. The data processing device sends an instruction for measuring photosynthetically active radiation outside the canopy to the first data acquisition module 102, and the data processing device sends an instruction for measuring photosynthetically active radiation inside the canopy and for acquiring a hemisphere image to the second data acquisition module 202.
When the crop canopy structure analysis device in the above embodiment is used, the canopy external collecting device 1 needs to be placed in an open position outside a target crop, and a tripod can be installed at the bottom of the canopy external collecting device 1 so as to facilitate placement. The horizontal measuring rod 204 of the canopy internal acquisition device 2 is horizontally arranged inside the target crop, and is used for respectively measuring the light environment outside the canopy of the target crop and the internal structure data of the canopy so as to realize the optical layer structure analysis of the target crop.
Analysis of canopy architecture in particular for target crops mainly involves measuring the canopy porosity GF of the siteiLeaf Area Index (LAI) and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), the specific analytical measurement steps are as follows:
(1) porosity of canopy GFiThe measurement of (2):
firstly, acquiring photosynthetic active radiation data outside a target crop by using a canopy external acquisition device, wherein the photosynthetic active radiation data outside the target crop comprises: total photosynthetically active radiation PARTotalScattering photosynthetically active radiation PARDiffuseAnd direct photosynthetically active radiation PARDirectThese data are achieved by the automatic shielding means in the canopy external acquisition means cooperating with the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor. In addition, the automatic shielding device can also acquire the zenith angle theta of the incident light. Acquiring hemispherical image data and photosynthetically active radiation data of a measurement position i inside a target crop by using a canopy internal acquisition device; where i denotes different measurement positions within the target crop.
Then, based on the hemisphere image data and the photosynthetically active radiation data of the measurement position i in the canopy structure of the target crop, a multi-exposure image fusion method is adopted to obtain the canopy porosity GF of the measurement position ii. The multi-exposure image fusion method mainly comprises the following steps: multi-exposure image fusion, binaryAnd converting and calculating the proportion of white pixels in the binarized image, specifically as follows:
1) and (3) multi-exposure image fusion: the photosynthetically active radiation intensity data of the current position i is E when the image is shotiThe exposure time of the camera is Δ t, and the brightness value of the point on the image is: f (I)iv)＝lnEi+lnΔtvWherein i ∈ [1, n ]]，v∈[1,m]。
Discretizing the above formula to obtain
When D takes a minimum value, calculating the response function F (I) of the cameraiv) And further calculating the illumination radiation intensity of each pixel point according to the pixel gray value and the image exposure time in the following formula to complete the fusion of the multi-exposure image sequence:
2) binarization: and (3) taking the image fused with the multi-exposure image as an input, and binarizing the image by setting a threshold value to obtain a binary image only with black and white pixels.
3) White pixel proportion in the binarized image: counting the total number of white pixels/total number of all pixels in the image in the current binary image to obtain the porosity GF of the canopy at the measurement position ii。
(2) Measurement of Leaf Area Index (LAI):
and acquiring canopy porosity data of the position of the canopy internal acquisition device close to the ground, and obtaining the leaf area index LAI of the target crop by using a relational formula of the leaf area index and the canopy porosity. The relational formula is specifically as follows: LAI is-lnT (θ) cos (θ)/G (θ, α), where T (θ) is the porosity of the canopy at the zenith angle θ and G (θ, α) is the projection function. At a viewing angle zenith angle of 57 °, G (θ, α) is a constant value of 0.5. Therefore, the leaf area index LAI in the present embodiment is data measured at a zenith angle of 57 °, LAI ═ lnT (57 °) cos (57 °)/0.5, and T (57 °) is the porosity of the canopy at a zenith angle of 57 ° viewing angle acquired from the hemispherical image.
(3) Measurement of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR):
according to the photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop canopy structure and the photosynthetically active radiation data PAR inside the target crop canopy structurei TAnd porosity of the canopy GFiCalculating to obtain the PAR of the scattered photosynthetically active radiation at the measurement position ii DifAnd direct photosynthetically active radiation PARi Dir. Wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data PAR of the interior of the canopy structure of the target cropi TIs the average of the measured values of all the second photosynthetically active radiation sensors, PARi TI.e. the total photosynthetically active radiation inside the canopy structure of the target crop.
Scattered photosynthetically active radiation PARi DifAnd direct photosynthetically active radiation PARi DirThe specific calculation formula of (2) is as follows: PARi Dif＝PARDiffuse×GFi；PARi Dir＝PARi T-PARi Dif. By the formula, scattered photosynthetic active radiation and direct photosynthetic active radiation with accurate measurement positions can be calculated
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A crop canopy structure analysis apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a canopy external acquisition device, a canopy internal acquisition device and a data processing device;
the canopy exterior harvesting assembly comprises: the automatic shielding device is used for shielding the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor in a self-adaptive manner according to the direction of incident light, and the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor is electrically connected with the first data acquisition module;
the canopy interior acquisition device comprises: the photosynthetically active radiation sensor comprises a hemispherical image sensor, a second data acquisition module and a plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors, wherein the hemispherical image sensor and the second photosynthetically active radiation sensors are electrically connected with the second data acquisition module;
the data processing device, the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module are in communication connection with each other, the data processing device is used for acquiring data acquired by the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module, and the canopy external acquisition device further comprises: first wireless transmission module, base and cover are located printing opacity hemisphere on the base, first data acquisition module is located inside the base, first photosynthetic active radiation sensor is located the centre of sphere position of printing opacity hemisphere, it winds to shelter from the device automatically according to the direction of incident light the centre of sphere of printing opacity hemisphere rotates and is right first photosynthetic active radiation sensor shelters from, first wireless transmission module with first data acquisition module electricity is connected.
2. The crop canopy structure analysis device of claim 1, wherein the automatic shielding device comprises: the photosynthetic active radiation sensor comprises a support rod and a shielding piece, wherein the shielding piece is positioned at one end of the support rod, a rotating mechanism is arranged at the central position of the first photosynthetic active radiation sensor, and the other end of the support rod is connected with the rotating mechanism.
3. The crop canopy structure analysis device of claim 2, wherein the transparent hemisphere is formed by a plurality of equal polygons being spliced.
4. The crop canopy structure analysis device of claim 1, wherein the canopy interior collection unit further comprises a leveling rod, the plurality of second photosynthetically active radiation sensors are uniformly distributed on the leveling rod, the hemispherical image sensor is located at a middle portion of the leveling rod, and the second data collection module is clamped on the leveling rod.
5. The crop canopy structure analysis device of claim 4, wherein the second data acquisition module is embedded with a sound recording module and a second wireless transmission module, and the sound recording module is used for recording measurement data.
6. The device for analyzing crop canopy structure of claim 4, wherein each of the second photosynthetically active radiation sensors is externally sleeved with a light-transmissive protective cover.
7. A method for analyzing a crop canopy structure based on the apparatus for analyzing a crop canopy structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
acquiring photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop by using the canopy exterior acquisition device, wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop comprises: total photosynthetically active radiation, scattered photosynthetically active radiation and direct photosynthetically active radiation; the automatic shielding device is matched with the first photosynthetically active radiation sensor to obtain the total photosynthetically active radiation, the scattered photosynthetically active radiation and the direct photosynthetically active radiation, and the canopy internal acquisition device is used for acquiring the internal measurement position of the target cropiHemispherical image data and photosynthetically active radiation data; whereiniRepresenting different measurement locations within the target crop; the hemispherical image sensor is used for acquiring a measurement positioniThe second photosynthetically active radiation sensor being used to acquire a measurement locationiPhotosynthetically active radiation data of (a);
based on the target crop canopy structure internal measurement positioniThe hemispherical image data and the photosynthetically active radiation data are obtained by a multi-exposure image fusion methodi(ii) canopy porosity;
wherein the multi-exposure image fusion method comprises: fusing multi-exposure images, binarizing the images after fusing the multi-exposure images, and calculating the proportion of white pixels in the binarized images.
8. The method for analyzing crop canopy structure of claim 7, further comprising: and acquiring canopy porosity data of the position, close to the ground, of the canopy internal acquisition device, and obtaining the leaf area index of the target crop by using a relational formula of the leaf area index and the canopy porosity.
9. The method for analyzing crop canopy structure of claim 7, further comprising: calculating to obtain a measuring position according to the photosynthetically active radiation data outside the target crop canopy structure, the photosynthetically active radiation data inside the target crop canopy structure and the canopy porosityiThe scattered photosynthetically active radiation and the direct photosynthetically active radiation; wherein the photosynthetically active radiation data within the canopy structure of the target crop is an average of the measurements of all second photosynthetically active radiation sensors.
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