CN109721446A - A kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition and its application - Google Patents
A kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109721446A CN109721446A CN201910200651.8A CN201910200651A CN109721446A CN 109721446 A CN109721446 A CN 109721446A CN 201910200651 A CN201910200651 A CN 201910200651A CN 109721446 A CN109721446 A CN 109721446A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition and its application, micro- pyrotechnic composition by mass percentage, raw material proportioning are as follows: urea 1-25%, oxidant 40-70%, comburant 20-40%, modified additive 1-10%, disintegrating agent 1-10%.Micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition can be applied to firecrackers pyrotechnic composition, fuse pyrotechnic composition, it can also be used to which fireworks open luxuriant medicine and propellant powder.It is few with usage amount, and raw material chemical structure is simple, and easy completely burned, firing temperature is higher, and quick-fried temperature is lower, and gas production is big, the few feature of solid residue, can effectively reduce the pollution of atmosphere solid particulate matter when setting off.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fireworks and crackers, it is related to a kind of complex composition and its application, specially a kind of micro- cigarette
Gunpowder complex composition and its application.
Background technique
In China, fireworks and firecrackers has more than 1,000 years developing histories, it is important in various nationalities' traditional cultural activity
Nowadays component part is increasingly becoming the new business card that traditional Chinese culture goes to the world.As China is to being related to the biography of fireworks and firecrackers
The protection of system culture is increasingly paid attention to, and there is now multiple projects and enters non-material cultural heritage country, China register.Fireworks are quick-fried
Bamboo industry health, stable development are the important supports that Chinese traditional culture quickly goes to the world.
On the succession of fireworks and firecrackers industry development, related traditional culture influence it is maximum be during fireworks firecracker firing it is right
Air environmental pollution problem.As China is more and more tighter to environmental requirement, the multiple cities in the whole nation promulgate that prohibiting combustion enables, or even the province having
Part carries out the whole province and prohibits combustion, directly results in fireworks and firecrackers industry development and has difficulty in taking a step.The difficult problem of environmental protection only is solved by scientific research,
Promote traditional industry upgrading, could fundamentally solve the development of fireworks and firecrackers industry, the succession of related traditional culture and environment
Contradiction between protection.
The pyrotechnic composition that traditional fireworks and firecrackers uses has the following deficiencies:
1. traditional pyrotechnic composition contains a large amount of perchlorate, nitrate, permanganate, bichromate, carbon dust, sulphur, aluminium powder, aluminium
The inorganic matters such as magnesium alloy powder, calcium carbonate.In them there are many substance be excessively used can to human body generate harm, as bichromate,
Permanganate, sulphur, aluminium powder.
2. easily with air redox reaction occurs for the aluminium powder in traditional pyrotechnic composition in wet environment, generates hydrogen, produces
Heat amount, to easily lead to pyrotechnic composition spontaneous combustion.
3. in conventional smoke powder burning blast process, the metal salt of generation, imperfect combustion reactant are being impacted
After wave is broken, a large amount of fine particles can be generated, PM2.5, PM10 is caused to pollute.
4. traditional pyrotechnic composition, not hydrogeneous or hydrogen content is lower, compared with the substance of the high hydrogen content of homogenous quantities, burned
The quick-fried heat generated in journey is lower, gas generated few, and cannot efficiently generate hydrone and carry out active depositing dust.
5. being often used charcoal in traditional Pyrotechnic composition, burning velocity is slower in combustion, quick-fried heat is not high, more difficult
Reaction completely, therefore a large amount of solid particulate matters can be generated after burned, main component is simple substance carbon.
It is one of the reason of forming acid rain weather 6. generate a large amount of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides after conventional smoke powder burning.
If the main source of nitrogen oxides is that nitrate oxidizer in pyrotechnic composition is decomposed and generated, but is inhaled without enough reducing agents
It receives；The main source of sulfur dioxide is that the sulphur in pyrotechnic composition is oxidized.
It is reported that occurred micro- pyrotechnic composition at present for substituting traditional pyrotechnic composition, but its there is also following defects:
1. carbon dust or the inorganic matters such as aluminium powder or perchlorate, rare earth that the ingredient of existing micro- pyrotechnic composition still largely uses.It is burning
In the process, reactant is difficult to completely burned, and a large amount of solid particulate matter, and Multimetal oxide are still contained in their product
It is harmful to the human body.In Chinese invention patent CN103980074A, contain 10-20 parts of powdered carbons, 10-30 parts of rare earths；Chinese invention
Contain 10-30 parts of aluminium silver powder in patent CN106966845A；Contain 15-25%'s in Chinese invention patent CN106397075A
Metal oxide, the Carbon Materials of 10-20%.
2. existing micro- pyrotechnic composition is often used ferrocene, cobaltocene, dicyclopentadienyl nickel and makees catalyst, the aromatic ring structure is more steady
It is fixed, and phosphorus content is higher.When burning, reaction temperature is higher than the decomposition temperature of metallocene, reacts with oxygen.Due to metallocene phosphorus content
Height, reaction oxygen demand completely is big, and therefore, it is difficult to fully reactings, ultimately generates complicated product, mainly there is simple substance carbon and a variety of virtues
The compound of ring structure, and whether its compound with aromatic ring structure has carcinogenicity also and needs further to carry out further investigation；
After the cobalt salt generated after burning enters human body by breathing, there are carcinogenic risks.In Chinese invention patent CN109206290A
Use the metallocene of 3-10%, the charcoal of 10-20%.
3. existing micro- pyrotechnic composition largely uses single original washing powder, but the producing and selling of single original washing powder receive stringent control, price
Height, yield is few, and usually supply falls short of demand.Therefore current single original washing powder is only used for the high-end product of fireworks and firecrackers.Reduce making for single original washing powder
The usage amount of single original washing powder can be effectively reduced in dosage, and production cost can be greatly reduced, and improve product profit.Such as Chinese invention patent
10-80 parts of single original washing powders are used in CN102924193A.The cellulose of 87-94% is used in Chinese invention patent CN108774096A
Nitrate.The Containing Waste Propellant powder of 70-90% is used in Chinese invention patent CN1526687.
4. the height being configured in Chinese invention patent CN108586175A using materials such as water, sodium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate
Viscosity glue explosive needs electric cap to ignite in use, and water content is very high, can not generally be used with fireworks and firecrackers
Gunpowder lead ignites, and existing level is not achieved in firework display effect.
5. making oxidant using excessive ammonium nitrate in pyrotechnic composition, in its burning, the toxic gas of high concentration can be generated.
According to statistics, the toxic gas content that existing ammonium nitrate explosive generates is generated much larger than 50L/Kg specified in national standard
Toxic gas is mainly oxynitrides.
6. the synthesis that the compounds such as nickel hydrazine nitrate make detonator needs stronger professional chemical knowledge and synthesis device, greatly
Amount uses, and will increase dramatically the production and safety cost of fireworks and firecrackers enterprise.
7. additionally adding more leavening agent, blast reducer etc. in existing micro- pyrotechnic composition, their own is not involved in burning, explosion instead
It answers, and most is metal salt not soluble in water, also will form a large amount of solid particulate matters after the wave that is hit is broken.
8. containing a large amount of simple substance in the solid particulate matter that fireworks firecracker firing generates in current existing document report
How carbon, content are reduced using reasonable material and are fired even up to the 50% of PM2.5 the and PM10 total amount for setting off generation
The solid particulate matter and NO_x formation total amount generated after burning, increases gas and hydrone generates total amount, to research Novel ring
Micro- pyrotechnic composition is protected to be of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above problems, provide a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition.The complex composition has usage amount
Few, solid residue is few after burning, and toxic and harmful gas content is low, and quick-fried temperature is low, and gas and hydrone production quantity are big, to environment and people
The features such as body is safe also provides it in firecrackers pyrotechnic composition, fuse pyrotechnic composition, fireworks with opening answering in luxuriant medicine and propellant powder
With.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition includes urea, oxidant, comburant, modified additive, disintegrating agent composition.Its
Middle oxidant are as follows: potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium hyperchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, nitric acid
The one or more of urea mix.Comburant are as follows: single original washing powder, nitroguanidine, hexanitro-stilbene, starch, cellulose, sucrose, trichlorine
Sucrose, fructose, glucose, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, Lauxite, paraformaldehyde, wood powder, grass
Sour diammonium, the one or more of ammonium binoxalate mix.Modified additive are as follows: iron powder, titanium valve, saleratus, strontium oxalate, grass
Sour barium, magnesium oxalate, cupric oxalate, iron ammonium oxalate, cobalt oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, dihydroxy dioxime potassium, phthalic acid potassium, pine
Perfume, camphor, dibatyl phithalate, three cyanogen ammonia, oxamid, potassium stearate, potassium sorbate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, diphenylamines,
Stearic acid, oxamides, glycoluril, paraffin, polysaccharide, gelatin, gum arabic, hydroxymethyl cellulose, nickel hydrazine nitrate, nickel hydrazine azide
It is one or more to mix.Disintegrating agent ingredient are as follows: one of citric acid, succinic acid, sodium bicarbonate, urea or a variety of mixing
It forms.
The mass ratio of a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition, the urea and comburant is 1:40-10:1.Preferably,
The mass ratio of urea and comburant is 1:20-10:1.
A kind of above-mentioned micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition containing urea components, preferred urea, comburant, change oxidant
The mixture of property additive, disintegrating agent, the component including following mass fraction:
Urea 1-25%, oxidant 40-70%, comburant 20-40%, modified additive 1-10%, disintegrating agent 1-10%.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition, and specific preparation process is as follows:
(1) urea, modified additive, comburant, oxidant are ground 20 minutes respectively, is sieved using 100-130 mesh sieve, it is standby
With.
(2) modified additive, oxidant after grinding are separately heated to 55-60 DEG C, and 2-3 hours dry, cooling is spare.
(3) modified additive by urea, comburant, the disintegrating agent after grinding after dry and oxidant are stirred 20 points
A kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition can be obtained in clock, produces for firecrackers and fuse.
(4) pulverulent mixture of previous step will be made by the powder with internal microcellular structure using prilling
Fireworks are obtained with opening luxuriant medicine and propellant powder.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the 1. complex composition cost of material are cheap, are easy to obtain, can not significantly alter
It is produced under the premise of existing production technology.2. the complex composition raw material mix is simple, do not contain ammonium nitrate and virtue largely
Fragrant ring organic matter, and simple substance carbon is not contained, easily reaction completely, mainly generates gaseous product in combustion, toxic through detecting
Gas content is lower than 50L/Kg specified in national standard；Solid residue is few, and PM2.5, PM10 concentration of generation are substantially lower than existing
There is gunpowder index.3. the complex composition is hydrogeneous, oxygen-containing ratio is high, when burning, produces bulk gas and hydrone, therefore has
There is preferable active dust-laying effect.4. the firing temperature that the complex composition generates is higher, quick-fried temperature is lower, can effectively reduce life
Security risk when producing, transport, setting off.5. disintegrating agent used in the complex composition may participate in reaction, with gas after reaction
Based on product, used blast reducer is the product generated after reacting, and soluble easily in water, therefore can be greatly reduced using disintegration
Agent, blast reducer cause after burning in product the problem of solid particulate matter excessive concentration.6. being produced in the complex composition combustion process
Tolerance, which is much larger than traditional pyrotechnic composition and existing micro- pyrotechnic composition, can be greatly decreased making for gunpowder under the premise of guaranteeing equivalent effect
Dosage.
Embodiment one
According to above-mentioned preparation method, urea content 0.0140g, sodium perchlorate content 0.4154g, cellulose 0.1705g.
Embodiment two
According to above-mentioned preparation method, urea content 0.0265g, potassium hyperchlorate content 0.4269g, cellulose 0.1436g.
Embodiment three
According to above-mentioned preparation method, urea content 0.0412g, potassium hyperchlorate content 0.4268g, cellulose 0.1300g.
Example IV
According to above-mentioned preparation method, urea content 0.080g, potassium nitrate content 0.1347g, potassium hyperchlorate content 0.2771g forms sediment
Powder 0.1080g.
Embodiment five
According to above-mentioned preparation method, urea content 0.0161g, potassium nitrate content 0.1363g, ammonium chloride content 0.0577g, high chlorine
Sour potassium content 0.2803g, Sucralose content 0.1093g.
Embodiment six
According to above-mentioned preparation method, single original washing powder content 0.2518g, urea content 0.0578g, potassium nitrate content 0.0974g, nitric acid
Ammonium content 0.1928g.
Embodiment seven
According to above-mentioned preparation method, iron content 0.0410g, urea content 0.0879g, potassium nitrate content 0.1776g, ammonium nitrate
Content 0.2932g.
Embodiment eight
According to above-mentioned preparation method, titanium powder content 0.0355g, urea content 0.0888g, potassium nitrate content 0.1794g, ammonium nitrate
Content 02961g.
Embodiment nine
According to above-mentioned preparation method, polyvinyl alcohol 0.0594g, potassium nitrate content 0.2388g, urea content 0.0912g, perchloric acid
Potassium content 0.2105g.
Embodiment ten
According to above-mentioned preparation method, oxalic acid diammonium 0.0987g, urea content 0.1083g, potassium hyperchlorate content 0.3603g, hard
Sour sodium 0.0324g.
Reference examples
According to above-mentioned preparation method, potassium nitrate 75g, charcoal 15g, sulphur 10g.
Above-described embodiment may be directly applied to the pyrotechnic composition of firecrackers and the pyrotechnic composition of fuse, and embodiment is through granulating working procedure
Can be used for fireworks afterwards opens luxuriant medicine and propellant powder.
According to GB10631-2013 and GJB5384.6-2005 standard, partial test result is as follows:
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and the explanation of above example is
It is used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention.The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, should refer to
Out, due to the finiteness of literal expression, and objectively there is unlimited specific structure, for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, can also make it is several improve, retouching or variation, can also will be above-mentioned
Technical characteristic is combined in the right way；These improve retouching, variation or combination, or the not improved design by invention and
Technical solution directly applies to other occasions, is regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition includes effective component, which is characterized in that the effective component is urea, oxidation
The mass ratio of agent, comburant, modified additive, disintegrating agent, the urea and combustible is 1:40-10:1.
2. a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the complex composition also
Contain oxalic acid diammonium and/or ammonium binoxalate and/or Sucralose.
3. a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the complex composition includes
The component of following mass fraction: urea 1-25%；Oxidant 40-75%；Comburant 20-40%；Modified additive 1-10%；Disintegrating agent
1-10%。
4. a kind of micro- pyrotechnic composition complex composition as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 in firecrackers and/or fuse and/or
Fireworks open the application in luxuriant medicine and/or firework launching medicine.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113698264A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-11-26 | 北京理工大学 | Dust-reducing safe environment-friendly firework propellant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113698264A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-11-26 | 北京理工大学 | Dust-reducing safe environment-friendly firework propellant |
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