CN109707441B - Method for recovering dry-type filling pillars in goaf - Google Patents
Method for recovering dry-type filling pillars in goaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN109707441B CN109707441B CN201811560453.4A CN201811560453A CN109707441B CN 109707441 B CN109707441 B CN 109707441B CN 201811560453 A CN201811560453 A CN 201811560453A CN 109707441 B CN109707441 B CN 109707441B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a goaf dry-type filling ore pillar recovery method, which belongs to the technical field of mining, and the goaf is filled with waste rocks generated in mining activities, and the underground waste rocks are directly filled into the goaf without being lifted out of the ground surface, so that the potential safety and environmental protection hazards of the ground surface are well solved, the ground pressure of the goaf can be controlled, the stability of a roof and a side wall is protected, and the safety of underground labor personnel and mechanical equipment is well protected. The filling engineering of the tunneling process can complete the filling work of the lower dead zone, the top column recovery work of the lower middle stope and the bottom column recovery work of the middle stope, greatly reduces the engineering excavation amount, reduces the permanent loss caused by the stope body of the shallow hole shrinkage method and greatly improves the resource extraction rate. Compared with the conventional filling process, the process greatly saves the production cost and the mine lifting capacity, and has greater popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a goaf dry-type filling pillar recovery method.
Background
According to the information provided by the national environmental protection bureau, the total amount of the barren rocks piled on the earth surface of various metal mines in China reaches 50 hundred million tons, and the number is rapidly increased, and the amount of the newly added barren rocks on the earth surface is about 6 hundred million tons on average every year. Due to the limitations of the statistical work, the amount of waste rock discharged from the surface of the metal mines in China is definitely far higher than the data. The waste rocks not only pollute the air and the environment, but also cause the stack pressure and occupation of a grassland, so the treatment of the waste rocks becomes one of the problems to be solved urgently.
Due to the inherent disadvantages of the mining process of shallow hole shrinkage, pillars are left at the stope ends and roof to maintain the roof. The remaining pillars tend to be permanent losses in the stope, which greatly results in a waste of resources. How to recover the top pillar and improve the resource recovery rate also becomes one of the problems to be solved in mines.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a goaf dry-type filling ore pillar recovery method, the process flow of the invention is simple and efficient, the filling engineering of waste rock filling and tunneling is adopted, and meanwhile, the filling work of the lower goaf, the recovery work of the top pillar of the lower middle stope and the recovery work of the bottom pillar of the middle stope can be completed, so that the engineering excavation amount is greatly reduced, the permanent loss caused by the recovery of ore bodies by a shallow hole shrinkage method is reduced, and the resource extraction rate is greatly improved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the goaf dry-type filling pillar recovery method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) before filling the empty area, measuring the mining width and mining height of the empty area and the specification parameters of a peripheral roadway deeply on site; observing and recording the upper middle section and the lower middle section of the dead zone, ensuring that actual data according to the filling engineering design is accurate, and calculating the construction position according to the actual data;
2) the special filling tunnel is arranged outside the dangerous area, and the tunnel is tunneled from the main puncture of the middle section to the direction of the dead zone under the condition of ensuring the shortest transport distance and ensuring the engineering safety; when the tunnel is tunneled to the upper projection distance of 6-8m, the tunneling direction of the tunnel is changed into the trend direction of the ore body; and tunneling pulse-crossing engineering is tunneled to the top of the dead zone at intervals of 8 m;
3) after the tunnel is tunneled, the waste rocks are transported to the middle section and filled into the goaf through a special filling tunnel, and the filled filling well is plugged;
4) when the filling is carried out to the top pillar of the stope in the middle section of the lower part, the mortar filling is started to ensure the saturation and the strength of the filling; then, a temporary platform is built in the filling port, and a tunnel along the vein is tunneled to two ends to recover the roof pillars of the lower stope;
5) and after the top pillar is recovered, continuously filling until the empty area is completely saturated, forming a new operation platform after grouting solidification, and recovering the bottom pillar of the middle stope.
Furthermore, the empty area to be filled must be a stable roof with a medium or more height, and no obvious ground pressure activity exists, and the ore pillars and the roof and floor are not obviously damaged.
Furthermore, a safe equipment transportation channel is required to be arranged in the special tunnel for entering and exiting and filling, and two or more than two safe outlets are arranged.
Further, in the step 3), the waste rocks in the filled goaf are mainly provided by other working surfaces of the middle section, and if the filling efficiency cannot reach saturation, the waste rocks can be lifted from the lower middle section to the middle section.
Furthermore, the large waste rocks need to be crushed for the second time and then refilled.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the filling saturation, the distance between filling wells does not exceed ten meters, and the inclination angle of the filling wells is not less than 55 degrees of the natural repose angle of the rock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the process flow of the invention is simple and efficient, the waste rock generated by mining activities is adopted for goaf filling, the underground waste rock is not lifted out of the ground surface and is directly filled into the goaf, the potential safety hazard of the ground surface is well solved, the ground pressure of the goaf can be controlled at the same time, and the stability of a top plate and a side wall is protected, so that the safety of underground labor personnel and mechanical equipment is well protected. The filling engineering of the tunneling process can complete the filling work of the lower dead zone, the top column recovery work of the lower middle stope and the bottom column recovery work of the middle stope, greatly reduces the engineering excavation amount, reduces the permanent loss caused by the stope body of the shallow hole shrinkage method and greatly improves the resource extraction rate. Compared with the conventional filling process, the process greatly saves the production cost and the mine lifting capacity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a stope preparation cross-sectional view in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a filling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a roadway in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a filling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-eight midriff, 2-eight midriff hopper penetration, 3-ore retention pile, 4-mining raise, 5-connecting channel, 6-pillar, 7-seven midriff, 8-top pillar, 9-unexplored ore, 10-local middle section stope, 11-local middle section midriff roadway, 12-lower middle section stope top pillar, 13-lower middle section goaf, 14-filling channel, 15-filling transportation roadway, 16-filling well, 17-car arrester, 18-cable, 19-communication cable, 20-lamp line and 21-wind water pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Examples
Taking the goaf 320-6-1 stope in the first blind zone and the second blind zone of the first system of the Meyer Wula mine as an example, the dry filling and the pillar recovery of the goaf are carried out.
1. Preparation work
The prerequisites for dry filling of waste rock are as follows: the empty area to be filled must be a stable roof above a medium level, and has no obvious ground pressure activity, and the pillars and the roof and floor are not obviously damaged. The special tunnel for entering and exiting and filling needs to be provided with a safe equipment transportation channel and two or more than two safe outlets.
Before filling the empty area, referring to the actual measurement diagram, and deeply measuring the mining amplitude and mining height of the empty area and the specification parameters of the peripheral roadway on site; the upper and lower middle sections of the empty area are observed and recorded, and the actual data according to the filling engineering design is ensured to be accurate.
1.1 stope Block geology overview
The ore blocks are allocated between the 6 line and the 8 line of the 300-meter middle section of No. 1 ore body, the length of the ore blocks along the direction of the ore body is 46 meters, according to the disclosure of seven-section vein-crossing engineering, the overall direction of the ore body is 96m, and the average inclination angle is 78 degrees.
According to the disclosure of 350m vein-crossing engineering, the ore body is continuous, the ore length is 91.21 m, the average thickness of the ore body is 1.2 m, and the average grade of the ore body is 6%. According to the disclosure of 320m middle section vein-through engineering, the ore body is continuous, the thickness of the ore body is not changed greatly, the average thickness of the ore body is 1.2 m, and the average grade of the ore body is 6%. In conclusion, the average thickness of the whole ore block is 1.2 m, the grade of the ore block is not changed greatly, and the average grade of the ore block is 6%.
Hydrogeological conditions are simple, and the hydrogeological conditions are a small amount of fracture water, so that the extraction is facilitated.
1.2 stope Block structural design parameters
The ore blocks are arranged along the trend, the length of the ore blocks is 46m, the height of the ore blocks is 24m, the length of an ore room is 46m, the height of the ore room is 22m, the width of each partition column is 8m, and the height of each top column is 3 m.
1.3 original mining-preparation layout
The arrangement mode of the chassis vein external mounted vehicle is adopted, ore removal tunnels are arranged in bottom columns of each ore block, the distance between the ore removal tunnels is 6m, and the tunnel is tunneled outside the vein and is used for ore extraction and transportation. The cross-sectional view of the mining project is shown in FIG. 1.
1.4 goaf actual parameters
To accurately calculate the amount of ore required for goaf filling, the goaf was measured in the field by a zonal technician. The lumps were measured to have a strike length of 45.7m, a dip length of 23m and a jack post thickness of 4 m. The gob is 38m wide and 20m high. Specific data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 stope data measuring and recording table
2. Laying of filling tunnel
The filling tunnel is arranged outside the dangerous area. And under the conditions of ensuring the shortest distance and ensuring the engineering safety, tunneling the tunnel from the 320m middle section main vein to the direction of the dead zone. And when the tunnel is tunneled to the upper projection distance of 6-8m, the tunneling direction of the tunnel is changed into the heading direction of the ore body. And tunneling pulse-crossing engineering is tunneled to the top of the dead zone every 8 m. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2.
In order to ensure normal running of the transportation traction equipment, the specification of the roadway is designed to be 2.2m multiplied by 2.2m according to the widest equipment. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3.
In order to ensure the filling safety, the equipment needs to be at a certain distance from the top plate of the dead zone. For this purpose, we need to drive a special filling well. In order to ensure the filling saturation, the spacing between filling wells is not more than ten meters. It is noted here that the inclination of the filling well should not be less than the natural repose angle of the rock, 55 deg. as shown in fig. 4.
3. Filling process
After the tunnel is tunneled, the waste rocks filled in the goaf are mainly provided by other working faces of the middle section, and if the filling efficiency cannot reach saturation, the waste rocks can be lifted from the lower middle section to the middle section. The main process is as follows: and (3) generating waste rocks, transporting the waste rocks to the middle section of 320m, filling the waste rocks into a goaf (large waste rocks need to be crushed for the second time) through a special tunnel, and plugging the filled filling well.
4. Pillar recovery
And when the mortar is filled to the top column of the stope in the middle section of the lower part, the mortar is filled to ensure the saturation and the strength of the filling. And then, a temporary platform is built in the filling port, and a tunnel along the vein is tunneled to two ends to recover the top pillars.
And after the top pillar is recovered, continuously filling until the empty area is completely saturated, forming a new operation platform after grouting solidification, and recovering the bottom pillar of the middle stope.
5. Analysis of effects and achieved results
The first system of the second mining area of the Meyer melaleuca drives the project from April in 2018 to the present, three through filling rivers are formed, and the filling effect is good. And 500 tons of ore are filled, so that the natural environment of the peripheral earth surface is greatly protected. After the empty area is filled, the stability of surrounding rocks is improved, potential safety hazards which may exist are eliminated, meanwhile, a large amount of lifting and transporting cost is saved, the lifting capacity of a mine is greatly liberated, and the pressure in the production aspect is reduced. Meanwhile, a large amount of high-grade ore columns are recovered, and the resource recovery rate is greatly improved.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A goaf dry-type filling pillar recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) before filling the empty area, measuring the mining width and mining height of the empty area and the specification parameters of a peripheral roadway deeply on site; observing and recording the upper middle section and the lower middle section of the dead zone, ensuring that actual data according to the filling engineering design is accurate, and calculating the construction position according to the actual data;
2) the special filling tunnel is arranged outside the dangerous area, and the tunnel is tunneled from the main puncture of the middle section to the direction of the dead zone under the condition of ensuring the shortest transport distance and ensuring the engineering safety; when the tunnel is tunneled to the position 6-8m away from the projection distance of the upper part of the dead zone, the tunneling direction of the tunnel is changed into the direction of the ore body; and tunneling pulse-crossing engineering is tunneled to the top of the dead zone at intervals of 8 m;
3) after the tunnel is tunneled, the waste rocks are transported to the middle section and filled into the goaf through a special filling tunnel, and the filled filling well is plugged; in order to ensure the filling saturation, the distance between the filling wells does not exceed ten meters, and the inclination angle of the filling wells is not less than 55 degrees of the natural repose angle of the rock; the waste rock in the filling goaf is mainly provided by other working faces of the middle section, and if the filling efficiency cannot reach saturation, the waste rock can be lifted from the lower middle section to the middle section;
4) when the filling is carried out to the top pillar of the stope in the middle section of the lower part, the mortar filling is started to ensure the saturation and the strength of the filling; then, a temporary platform is built in the filling port, and a tunnel along the vein is tunneled to two ends to recover the roof pillars of the lower stope;
5) and after the top pillar is recovered, continuously filling until the empty area is completely saturated, forming a new operation platform after grouting solidification, and recovering the bottom pillar of the middle stope.
2. A gob dry-packed pillar recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: the empty area to be filled must be a stable roof above a medium level, and has no obvious ground pressure activity, and the pillars and the roof and floor are not obviously damaged.
3. A gob dry-packed pillar recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: a safe equipment transportation channel is required to be arranged in the special tunnel for entering and exiting and filling, and more than two safe outlets are arranged.
4. A gob dry-packed pillar recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: the large waste stones need to be crushed for the second time and then refilled.
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| CN112253076B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-08-31 | 福州大学 | Chemical mining method of underground pyrite |
| CN113187544B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-05-26 | 辽宁科技大学 | Large underground goaf treatment method of beam type roof structure |
| CN113982588A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-01-28 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | High-dipping extremely-thin ore body gob subsequent dry filling mining method and application |
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| DE2906315A1 (en) * | 1979-02-19 | 1980-08-21 | Siemag Transplan Gmbh | Recovery unit for manganese nodules on sea-bed - has vertical pipeline connected to chambers for alternate filling and emptying of nodules by hydraulic action |
| CN102168579A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-08-31 | 中南大学 | Rib-pillar-free continuous sublevel filling method for mining preparation in medium-thickness slope crushed ore body vein |
| CN102619513B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-12-25 | 中南大学 | Room and pillar type medium-length hole filling mining method using bottom ore withdrawal structures simultaneously arranged in original rock |
| CN102678121B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2014-01-08 | 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 | Layered top-controlling filling mining method for residual ores in deep hole in diskless area |
| CN103437768B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-06-03 | 中南大学 | Pre-set space filling mining method without top column and bottom column |
| CN104695960B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-11-02 | 山东黄金矿业（玲珑）有限公司 | Air column becomes well back coming afterwards filling mining method |
| CN105649631B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-26 | 大冶有色金属有限责任公司 | A kind of efficient mining methods of the mechanization of slight slope and thin ore body |
| CN106089205A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-09 | 贵州晨辉达矿业工程设计有限公司 | A kind of room-and-pillar method filling mining method being applicable to very thin ore body under water body |
| CN107227957B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2019-06-25 | 远安县燎原矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of slight slope and thin ore body compartment Dry-placed fill method |
| CN108661646B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-12-31 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | False roof pillar type shrinkage and post filling mining method |
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