CN109696428B - 一种银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明b荧光强度的方法 - Google Patents
一种银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明b荧光强度的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,包括如下步骤:(1)银纳米颗粒的制备;(2)在银纳米颗粒表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B,得表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的银纳米颗粒;(3)加入连接剂,表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的银纳米颗粒发生聚集,增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度。本发明主要是利用贵金属纳米颗粒聚集耦合产生的“热点”,导致纳米颗粒间的局域电场显著增强,从而提高在其表面异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光发射效率,恢复甚至增强单分散下被银纳米颗粒淬灭的异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光。该方法荧光增强明显,且样品能分散在水相,聚集前后荧光变化显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料合成及应用领域,具体涉及是一种增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,该技术可用于生物成像、分析检测等。
背景技术
贵金属纳米粒子,如金、银纳米颗粒,由于其独特的光学性质----表面等离子体共振效应(SPR)而在诸多领域中得到广泛的应用,如生物传感,细胞成像和非线性光学等。金属纳米颗粒与入射光相互作用,导致表面自由电子集体震荡而产生表面等离子共振效应。表面等离子共振吸收峰位置对环境、尺寸和颗粒形状敏感,同时也可以通过纳米颗粒聚集耦合来改变。纳米颗粒聚集时,表面等离子耦合导致吸收峰红移,同时在纳米颗粒间隙处产生“热点”,导致间隙处的局域电场显著增强。这种利用纳米颗粒聚集导致局域电场显著增强的方法,已被广泛应用在金属增强荧光、表面增强拉曼散射、二次谐波的产生和双光子荧光等领域。
荧光技术由于简单快速、重复性高和价格低廉等优势广泛应用生命科学、食品安全、环境保护等领域。但传统的有机荧光染料亮度不高,还存在光漂白和自淬灭效应,导致荧光强度进一步降低,同时光稳定性也较差,这些不足限制荧光技术在诸多领域的应用。二十世纪七十年代,Drexhage发现了金属增强荧光现象:当荧光物质分布在金和银等贵金属表面或溶胶附近时,其发射强度能够大大增加,增强效果强烈依赖于染料分子和金属表面两者距离。这一现象的发现促进了荧光技术的发展。但是大多数实验方法都是利用金属薄膜作为基质,不利用其在生物体内成像,而利用金属纳米颗粒作为基质,需要表面包覆一层二氧化硅或聚电解质来调控距离,合成过程复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的上述不足,提供一种AgNPs聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法。本发明利用银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)聚集增强染料分子荧光。该方法合成步骤简单,荧光增强效果明显,纳米颗粒分散在水相,利于在生物体内成像。通过聚集产生“热点”导致局域电场显著增强,提高染料分子的荧光强度,减少了荧光寿命,提高了光稳定性,不需要包覆二氧化硅或聚电解质来调控距离,实验过程更加精简。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)AgNPs的制备;
(2)在AgNPs表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B分子,得表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的AgNPs;
(3)加入连接剂,所述表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的银纳米颗粒的紫外—可见吸收光谱发生明显变化,412nm处的吸收强度降低,同时在600-700nm波长范围内出现新的共振吸收峰,表面修饰荧光染料分子的AgNPs发生聚集,增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度。
优选地,步骤(1)具体包括:
1)分别配置浓度为59.4mmol/L的硝酸银溶液、浓度为34mmol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液、浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L的抗败血酸溶液、浓度为0.2mol/L的氯化钠溶液;
2)取49mL去离子水在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌,至煮沸时加入1mL所述柠檬酸钠溶液、100 μL所述抗败血酸溶液和20 μL所述氯化钠溶液,继续在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌5分钟;
3)在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下,加入0.25mL所述硝酸银溶液,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色后,继续搅拌并保温1-1.5小时使反应完全,关闭加热,持续以300-400转/分钟的速度搅拌,自然冷却到室温时关闭搅拌,即得AgNPs溶液。
优选地,步骤(2)具体包括:
1)分别配置浓度为0.1mol/L碳酸钾溶液,溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,其中异硫氰酸罗丹明B的浓度为1mmol/L,质量分数为1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液;
2)将步骤(1)所述的AgNPs溶液用去离子水稀释2-3倍,得稀释的AgNPs溶液;
3)取6mL稀释的AgNPs溶液,加入20-25μL所述碳酸钾溶液,调节溶液PH为8,搅拌8-10分钟,混合均匀后加入1.5μL所述溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,搅拌2-3小时,搅拌完成后放置在摇床中过夜,使异硫氰酸罗丹明B能充分修饰到AgNPs表面,得混合溶液;
4)取所述混合溶液0.8mL,加入5.0 uL 所述十二烷基硫酸钠溶液,混合均匀,离心,去除上层清液,将离心产物重新分散在0.8 mL去离子水中,得到表面修饰有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的分散AgNPs(简称分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B)溶液。
优选地,步骤(3)具体包括:
1)配置浓度为40 μmol/L的连接剂溶液;
2)取0.4mL步骤(2)的4)所得分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液,加入4μL所述连接剂溶液,引发AgNPs聚集,静置15-25分钟,溶液颜色由黄色变为无色,得表面修饰有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的聚集银纳米颗粒(简称聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B)溶液。
优选地,所述连接剂包括半胱胺,其分子中的巯基和氨基能与AgNPs表面连接,导致AgNPs聚集。
由上述方法制备的AgNPs的尺寸为40-50 nm。
将步骤(2)中3)制得的混合溶液用二硫苏糖醇溶液洗脱,得到AgNPs表面洗脱的异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液。取0.4mL溶液装入微量的石英比色皿中,测试溶液的荧光发射光谱和荧光寿命。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果和优点包括:
金属增强荧光技术,大多数是将染料分子固定在石英或硅片表面的金属薄膜上进行,不能在水相中使用,这限制了在生物体内成像追踪、分析检测等应用;少数利用金属纳米颗粒作为基质增强荧光,虽然可以在水相中使用,但需要复杂的修饰过程,在其表面包覆合适厚度的二氧化硅或聚电解质调控距离,实现增强效果。本发明的纳米颗粒聚集增强染料荧光不仅可以在水相中使用,而且不需要表面包覆,过程简单,只需要加入适量连接剂引发AgNPs聚集,就能实现明显的荧光增强效果。最后聚集增强的荧光寿命相较于洗脱下的染料分子荧光寿命更短,极大的提高了光稳定性。本发明可以使异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光效果有明显增强。本发明方法反应条件温和,制备过程简单,重现性好,增强效果明显。
附图说明
图1为AgNPs的透射电镜图;
图2为分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液和聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱图;
图3为AgNPs表面洗脱的异硫氰酸罗丹明B(简称异硫氰酸罗丹明B洗脱)溶液、分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液和聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的荧光发射光谱图;
图4为异硫氰酸罗丹明B洗脱溶液、分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液和聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的的荧光寿命光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例:
(1)制备AgNPs
1)分别配置浓度为59.4mmol/L的硝酸银溶液、浓度为34mmol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液、浓度为0.2mol/L的抗败血酸溶液、浓度为0.2mol/L的氯化钠溶液;
2)取49mL去离子水在120℃、350转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌,至煮沸时加入1mL所述柠檬酸钠溶液、100μL所述抗败血酸溶液和20μL所述氯化钠溶液,继续在120℃、350转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌5分钟;
3)在120℃、350转/分钟的条件下,加入0.25mL所述硝酸银溶液,溶液颜色迅速由无色变成黄色,表明AgNPs形成。继续搅拌并保温1小时使反应完全,关闭加热,持续以350转/分钟的速度搅拌,自然冷却到室温时关闭搅拌,即得AgNPs溶液。
取步骤(1)中3)所得的AgNPs溶液,在透射电镜下观察,图1电镜照片可以看出,合成的AgNPs尺寸分布比较均匀,颗粒大小为40-50nm。
(2)在AgNPs表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B
1)分别配置浓度为0.1mol/L碳酸钾溶液,溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,其中异硫氰酸罗丹明B的浓度为1mmol/L,质量分数为1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液;
2)将步骤(1)所述的AgNPs溶液用去离子水稀释2.5倍,得稀释的AgNPs溶液;
3)取6mL稀释的AgNPs溶液,加入22.8 μL所述碳酸钾溶液,调节溶液PH为8,搅拌8-10分钟,混合均匀后加入1.5 μL所述溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,搅拌2小时,摇床过夜,使异硫氰酸罗丹明B能充分修饰到AgNPs表面,得混合溶液;
4) 取上述溶液0.8mL分别装入两管0.6mL的微量离心管中,每管0.4 mL,每管加入2.5 μL1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液,混合均匀,用高速离心机离心10分钟,转速为10000转/分钟;去除上层清液,将离心产物重新分散在0.8mL去离子水中,分散均匀后每管0.4 mL溶液再次加入2.5 μL1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液,混合均匀,高速离心机离心10分钟,转速10000转/分钟;去除上清液,将离心产物再次分散在0.8 mL去离子水中,得到分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液。
取上述溶液0.4 mL分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液放入微量的石英比色皿中,用紫外—可见(UV)吸收光谱仪测试溶液吸收光谱,如图2所示;荧光光谱仪(PL)测试溶液荧光发射光谱,如图3所示;用时间相关单光子计数器(TCSPC)测试溶液荧光寿命,如图4所示。
(3)表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的 AgNPs的聚集:
1)配置浓度为40 μmol /L的半胱胺溶液;
2)取0.4mL步骤(2)的4)所得分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液,加入4 μL所述半胱胺溶液,引发AgNPs聚集,静置15分钟,得聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液。
装入微量的石英比色皿中,测试聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的吸收光谱(图2),荧光发射光谱(图3)和荧光寿命(图4)。
(4)AgNPs表面异硫氰酸罗丹明B的洗脱:
1)配置浓度为0.5mol/L二硫苏糖醇溶液;
2)取0.4mL步骤(2)中3)所得混合溶液装入0.6mL微量离心管,加入2.5 μL1%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液,混合均匀,高速离心机离心10分钟,转速10000转/分钟,离心两次。第二次离心前,同样加入2.5μL1%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液;
3)去除上清,重新分散在0.4mL的0.5mol/L二硫苏糖醇溶液中,放入烘箱,50℃保温2小时,摇床10分钟,保证二硫苏糖醇分子能充分将染料洗脱,再离心10分钟,转速10000转/分钟。取上液,即得到异硫氰酸罗丹明B洗脱溶液;
4)取0.4mL异硫氰酸罗丹明B洗脱溶液装入微量的石英比色皿中,测试溶液的荧光发射光谱(图3)和荧光寿命(图4)。
利用上述技术,AgNPs聚集能极大的增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光。图2吸收光谱结果表明:分散AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的吸收光谱只有一个吸收峰,大约在412nm左右;当加入连接剂半胱胺后,AgNPs发生聚集,此时聚集AgNPs-异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的吸收光谱412nm处的吸收峰降低,同时在长波方向,600-700nm之间出现一个新的等离子共振吸收峰,这与文献上报道的金银纳米颗粒聚集时吸光光谱变化一致。(《金银纳米颗粒应用于氨基酸的可视化检测》,李剑芳,南昌大学;Cuifeng Jiang et al. Two-photon ratiometricsensing of Hg2+ by using cysteine functionalized Ag nanoparticles. Nanoscale,2011, 3, 3316–3320)。图3荧光光谱结果表明:异硫氰酸罗丹明B修饰的分散AgNPs能有效淬灭了AgNPs洗脱的异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光强度,异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光被淬灭为原来的0.338倍,由于染料与金属表面距离太近,异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光被纳米颗粒淬灭,这可以降低荧光背景;当AgNPs聚集时,纳米颗粒间隙产生“热点”,局域电场显著增强,提高了异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光发射效率,荧光寿命缩短,异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光不仅被恢复,而且增强了3.8倍,荧光增强显著,相较于分散时淬灭的荧光强度,聚集时荧光强度增强了11.3倍,对比效果明显。图4荧光寿命结果表明:相较于AgNPs表面洗脱的异硫氰酸罗丹明B溶液的荧光寿命,异硫氰酸罗丹明B修饰的聚集AgNPs溶液的荧光寿命显著缩短,大大提高了染料的光稳定性。
Claims (3)
1.一种银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)银纳米颗粒的制备;具体包括:
1)分别配置浓度为59.4mmol/L的硝酸银溶液、浓度为34mmol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液、浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L的抗败血酸溶液、浓度为0.2mol/L的氯化钠溶液;
2)取49mL去离子水在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌,至煮沸时加入1mL所述柠檬酸钠溶液、100 μL所述抗败血酸溶液和20 μL所述氯化钠溶液,继续在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下加热搅拌5分钟;
3)在110-140℃、300-400转/分钟的条件下,加入0.25 mL所述硝酸银溶液,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色后,继续搅拌并保温1-1.5小时使反应完全,关闭加热,持续以300-400转/分钟的速度搅拌,自然冷却到室温时关闭搅拌,即得银纳米颗粒溶液;
(2)在银纳米颗粒表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B分子,得表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的银纳米颗粒;具体包括:
1)分别配置浓度为0.1mol/L碳酸钾溶液,溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,异硫氰酸罗丹明B的浓度为1mmol/L,质量分数为1%的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液;
2)将步骤(1)所得的银纳米颗粒溶液用去离子水稀释2-3倍,得稀释的银纳米颗粒溶液;
3)取6mL稀释的银纳米颗粒溶液,加入20-25μL所述碳酸钾溶液,调节溶液pH 为8,搅拌8-10分钟,混合均匀后加入1.5μL所述溶解有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的二甲基亚砜溶液,搅拌2-3小时,搅拌完成后放置在摇床中过夜,使异硫氰酸罗丹明B能充分修饰到银纳米颗粒表面,得混合溶液;
4)取所述混合溶液0.8mL,加入5.0 μL 所述十二烷基硫酸钠溶液,混合均匀,离心,去除上层清液,将离心产物重新分散在0.8 mL去离子水中,得到表面修饰有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的分散银纳米颗粒溶液;
(3)表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的 AgNPs的聚集:
加入连接剂半胱胺,所述表面修饰异硫氰酸罗丹明B的银纳米颗粒的紫外-可见吸收光谱发生明显变化,412nm处的吸收强度降低,同时在600-700nm波长范围内出现新的共振吸收峰,表面修饰荧光染料分子的银纳米颗粒发生聚集,增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B的荧光强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)具体包括:
1)配置浓度为40 μmol/L的连接剂溶液;
2)取0.4mL步骤(2)的4)所得表面修饰有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的分散银纳米颗粒溶液,加入4μL所述连接剂溶液,引发银纳米颗粒聚集,静置15-25分钟,溶液颜色由黄色变为无色,得表面修饰有异硫氰酸罗丹明B的聚集银纳米颗粒溶液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的银纳米颗粒聚集增强异硫氰酸罗丹明B荧光强度的方法,其特征在于,所述银纳米颗粒的尺寸为40-50nm。
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