CN109686576A - 一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：(1)反应液的配置：通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，并按一定比例加入一定质量的钼酸铵和硫脲，制得反应液；(2)水热合成三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维：将反应液转入水热反应釜中，钼酸铵和硫脲反应生成具有片状纳米花球结构的MoS2，并均匀填充生长在三维多孔碳纳米纤维骨架上，再经多次水洗、无水乙醇洗以及抽滤、真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维。本发明制得的MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，三维多孔碳纳米纤维骨架有效的提高了MoS2的导电性，避免了MoS2循环过程中体积膨胀造成的结构坍塌，且制备方法操作简便、可控性与重复性好，易于规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法，特别是提供一种简单易行、环境友好型、可量产的在具有通孔结构的三维碳纳米纤维基体上生长片状纳米花球结构的MoS2的制备方法，且制得复合纤维具有三维结构、比表面积大、材料之间结合能力强、稳定性好等优势。
技术背景
全球变暖和化石燃料的日益枯竭迫使人们大力发展可持续和可再生能源，太阳能和风能作为最有前景的能源而引起了广泛关注。然而，太阳能在夜晚不能工作，风能也具有不确定性，因此电化学储能装置在实际应用中尤为重要。具有较高能量密度(150-200W hkg-1)的锂离子电池(Lithiumion Batteries，LIBs) 以及具有高功率密度(＞10kW kg-1)和长循环寿命(104-105循环)的电化学容器(Electrochemical Capacitors，ECs)引起了广泛关注。但LIBs的功率密度较低(＜1000W kg-1)、循环稳定性较差(＜1000times)，ECs能量密度较低(＜10W h kg-1)，因此迫切需求一种类似LIBs具有高能量密度且类似ECs具有高功率密度和长循环寿命的一种理想的能量储存装置。
锂离子电容器(也称为锂离子混合超级电容器Lithium-ion Capacitors，LICs)一般由高能量LIB负极、高功率的EC正极与锂盐电解质构成，其成功结合了电池和电容器能量储存机制的优点，具有比LIBs更高的功率密度、更长的循环寿命以及比SCs更高的能量密度，被认为是最有前景的能量存储器件之一。
二硫化钼(MoS2)是一种层状结构的金属硫化物，因其较高的理论比容量 (669-1675mAh g-1)在电极材料领域均表现出优越的应用前景。然而，MoS2的电子导电率较低、循环性能与倍率性能较差，限制了其应用。而碳基材料具有高比表面积、高电子传导率等优势，将两者相结合有望获得兼具MoS2电极材料的高容量并具有碳基材料的稳定性、导电性的复合材料。许多学者(Chaonan Wang，Dasen Ren，Ho Seok Park，Zegang Dong，YinyeYang，Qingwei Ren，XuYu. Electron-spun 2D MoS2-decorated carbon nanofibers aspseudocapacitive electrode material into lithium ion battery[J].Journal ofAlloys and Compounds，2017，728： 767-772.Chen Chen，Guoqing Li，Yao Lu，JiadengZhu，Mengjin Jiang，Yi Hu， Linyou Cao，Xiangwu Zhang.Chemical vapor depositedMoS2/electrospun carbon nanofiber composite as anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta，2016，222：1751-1760.Xiaoqin Xiong，Wei Luo，Xianluo Hu， Chaoji Chen，Long Qie，Dongfang Hou，Yunhui Huang.Flexible Membranes of MoS2/C Nanofibers by Electrospinning asBinder-Free Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries[J].ScientificReports，2015，5：9254.)已成功利用碳纳米纤维负载MoS2并应用于LIB、钠离子电池中，缓冲了MoS2的体积变化，有效地增强了电化学性能，但碳纳米纤维孔隙较少，难以负载高含量的MoS2。Wang等 (Rutao Wang，Shijie Wang，Dongdong Jin，Yabin Zhang，Yaojun Cai，Jianmin Ma， Li Zhang.Engineering layer structure of MoS2-graphene compositeswith robust and fast lithium storage for high-performance Li-ion capacitors[J].Energy Storage Materials，2017，9：195-205)设计制备了MoS2/石墨烯复合材料，并将其作为负极构建了具有优异电化学性能的锂离子电容器，但石墨烯成本较高，难以实现大规模生产。多孔碳纳米纤维是一种具有丰富孔隙的一维纳米碳材料，具有比碳纳米纤维更丰富的孔隙与更大的表面积，申请人在前期授权专利(中国发明专利CN105161722A)的基础上，将制备的多级孔碳纳米纤维作为MoS2的优良载体材料，为高性能LIC负极材料的开发提供一种新思路。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够连续制备三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的方法，使用三维多孔碳纳米纤维作为碳基体，通过水热法将MoS2片状纳米花球生长于三维碳纳米纤维骨架上，且制备方法与常规方法相比操作简便、可控性与重复性好，易于规模化生产。采用本发明制备的三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，长径比大，表面及内部含有大量孔洞，MoS2均匀分布，三维多孔碳纳米纤维的引入避免了MoS2循环过程中体积膨胀造成的结构坍塌，有效地改善了倍率性能与循环稳定性。
本发明所提供的一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)反应液的配置
通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，并按一定比例加入一定质量的钼酸铵和硫脲，制得反应液；
(2)水热合成三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维
将反应液转入水热反应釜中，钼酸铵和硫脲反应生成具有片状纳米花球结构的MoS2，并均匀填充生长在三维多孔碳纳米纤维骨架上，再经多次水洗、无水乙醇洗以及抽滤、真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维。
优选的，步骤(2)的具体过程为：将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料通过搅拌或超声方式均匀分散于蒸馏水中，以钼酸铵∶三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料摩尔比为1∶1-6∶1加入钼酸铵，并以钼酸铵∶硫脲摩尔比为1∶28加入硫脲，置入水热反应釜中，控制水热反应温度为180-240℃，水热反应时间为2-24h，经抽滤、水洗、乙醇洗，去掉表面多余杂质，真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，且所述MoS2为片状纳米花球结构的MoS2，均匀填充于三维多孔碳纳米纤维的通孔结构中，被多孔碳纳米纤维骨架包裹，形成纤维结构。
图文简单描述
图1是制备MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的原理图
图2是MoS2@C复合多孔纤维高倍扫描电镜图片
图3是MoS2@C复合多孔纤维高倍透射电镜图片
图4是MoS2@C复合多孔纤维低倍扫描电镜图片
图5是MoS2@C复合多孔纤维低倍透射电镜图片
图6是MoS2@C复合多孔纤维元素分布图片
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明的实现方法进行详细阐述。
实施例1
本发明首先以本课题组已申请的发明专利：一种锂硫电池正极材料用多孔碳纳米纤维膜及其制备方法(CN105161722A)为基础，制备三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料。
通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，以钼酸铵∶三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料摩尔比为4∶1加入钼酸铵，并以钼酸铵∶硫脲摩尔比为1∶28加入硫脲，制得反应液，并转入水热反应釜中，控制水热反应温度为200℃，水热反应时间为6h，经抽滤、水洗、乙醇洗，去掉表面多余杂质，真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，其比表面积为 81.67m2g-1，导电率为22.32S cm-1，嵌锂后作为负极组装为锂离子电容器，在功率密度为0.075kW kg-1时能量密度可达75.5Wh kg-1，5000次循环后容量保持率为～78.0％。
实施例2
本发明首先以本课题组已申请的发明专利：一种锂硫电池正极材料用多孔碳纳米纤维膜及其制备方法(CN105161722A)为基础，制备三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料。
通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，以钼酸铵∶三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料摩尔比为2∶1加入钼酸铵，并以钼酸铵∶硫脲摩尔比为1∶28加入硫脲，制得反应液，并转入水热反应釜中，控制水热反应温度为180℃，水热反应时间为4h，经抽滤、水洗、乙醇洗，去掉表面多余杂质，真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，其比表面积为 155.26m2g-1，导电率为32.05S cm-1，嵌锂后作为负极组装为锂离子电容器，在功率密度为0.075kW kg-1时能量密度达55.7Wh kg-1，5000次循环后容量保持率为～87.2％。
实施例3
本发明首先以本课题组已申请的发明专利：一种锂硫电池正极材料用多孔碳纳米纤维膜及其制备方法(CN105161722A)为基础，制备三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料。
通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，以钼酸铵∶三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料摩尔比为5∶1加入钼酸铵，并以钼酸铵∶硫脲摩尔比为1∶28加入硫脲，制得反应液，并转入水热反应釜中，控制水热反应温度为240℃，水热反应时间为12h，经抽滤、水洗、乙醇洗，去掉表面多余杂质，真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，其比表面积为69.23m2g-1，导电率为12.79S cm-1，嵌锂后作为负极组装为锂离子电容器，在功率密度为0.075kW kg-1时能量密度可达82.3Wh kg-1，5000次循环后容量保持率为～69.8％。
Claims (4)
1.一种锂离子电容器负极材料用三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维的制备方法，其特征包括以下步骤：
(1)反应液的配置
通过搅拌及超声等方式，将三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料均匀分散于蒸馏水中，并按一定比例加入一定质量的钼酸铵和硫脲，制得反应液；
(2)水热合成三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维
将反应液转入水热反应釜中，钼酸铵和硫脲反应生成具有片状纳米花球结构的MoS2，并均匀填充生长在三维多孔碳纳米纤维骨架上，再经多次水洗、无水乙醇洗以及抽滤、真空烘干后，获得了三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维制备方法，其特征在于加入钼酸铵和三维多孔碳纳米纤维基体材料的摩尔比为1∶1-6∶1，加入钼酸铵和硫脲的摩尔比为1∶28。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维制备方法，其特征在于水热反应温度为180-240℃，反应时间为2-24h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三维MoS2@C复合多孔纤维，其特征在于所述MoS2为片状纳米花球结构的MoS2，均匀填充于三维多孔碳纳米纤维的通孔结构中，被多孔碳纳米纤维骨架包裹，形成纤维结构。
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| CN113451054A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-28 | 鹏盛国能(深圳)新能源集团有限公司 | 一种锂离子电容电池及其制备方法 |
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