CN109682514A - High range high-precision tensometer and its use and saturation process based on fiber grating - Google Patents
High range high-precision tensometer and its use and saturation process based on fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682514A CN109682514A CN201910021101.XA CN201910021101A CN109682514A CN 109682514 A CN109682514 A CN 109682514A CN 201910021101 A CN201910021101 A CN 201910021101A CN 109682514 A CN109682514 A CN 109682514A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high range high-precision tensometer and its saturation process based on fiber grating, including high air-entry value pot clay end, high air-entry value pot clay end is set in nested rings, it is directly contacted with soil and establishes hydraulic connection, the top of the lower bottom base is provided with flexible sheet, the upper nested rings are internally located at the gap between flexible sheet and high air-entry value pottery clay plates and form water storage cavity, survey press polish grid and are fixed on flexible sheet by two symmetrically arranged grating fixed columns.The present invention is suitable for long term monitoring, and it can also be applied to region affected by magnetic fields, using fiber grating as sensing strain gauge element, it is easy to extension tensometer to measure to positive laminate section, reduces storage chamber height, improve the range of tensometer, provided with " O " type sealing ring, reduce the interference of extraneous stress, be provided with temperature compensation optical fiber grating, can avoid influence of the soil body ambient enviroment temperature difference fluctuation to measurement result；The tensometer saturation process is easy to operate, and saturation effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber grating sensing instrument more particularly to a kind of high range high-precisions based on fiber grating
Tensometer and its saturation process.
Background technique
The nature middle-shallow layer soil body is in unsaturated state, due to the presence of hole gas in unsaturated soil, makes in the soil body
There are suction, and suction is a central factor for influencing unsaturated soil volume property, and therefore, suction measurement becomes unsaturated soil power
Learn a key problem of research.In existing measuring technique, the method for Observation of The Suction has very much, including direct method, such as
Tensometer method and axial translation technology；Indirect method, such as filter paper method.In these methods, axial translation technology applies in general to indoor examination
It tests, filter paper method is affected by the external environment greatly, and high to the operation level requirement of tester, and tensometer measurement suction is a kind of
Than wide and mature technology, but there is also two technical problems, on the one hand, the strain sensing principle that tensometer generallys use
Including type vibration wire, piezoelectric type, resistance-type etc., these strain sensing principles have the defects that it is different degrees of, for example, type vibration wire is adopted
Use frequency as transmission signal, precision is low, and response speed is slow, and long-time stability are poor；Resistance-type and piezoelectric type use electricity to pass
Feel signal, vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, long distance transmission signal is weak, is not particularly well suited for the adverse circumstances in some strong electromagnetics
And the occasion that need to be detected at a distance.
On the other hand, common tensometer is difficult continuously to work long hours, and reason is the design feature of tensometer itself: pressure
It is a water storage cavity between force snesor and pot clay end, if there are air in water storage cavity, tensometer will be much small at one
Cavitation is generated under the suction of maximum range, causes tensometer that cannot continue to work normally.Therefore, before use,
It needs to be saturated tensometer sufficiently, that is, high air-entry value pot clay end and water storage cavity need to reach common saturation.Tensometer at present
Saturation generallys use two stages saturation: initial evacuation and precompressed stable circulation.The purpose of initial evacuation is cavity
It being removed with the air in high air-entry value pot clay end, precompressed stable circulation then can force air pressure vaporization nucleus to be dissolved into water, without
It is attached to the source that vaporization is formed on the inner wall of measuring system.But the design of most of tensometer saturation device is many and diverse, uses
It is time-consuming and laborious in journey；Even there are the critical defects such as gas leakage leak for some saturation devices, influence the saturation effect of tensometer.
Fiber grating (FBG) is used as a kind of new strain sensing element, in recent years, either on technical maturity,
Or substantive progress is achieved in cost.Fiber grating sensing signal is wavelength modulation, this sensor mechanism
Be advantageous in that: (1) measuring signal is not by the shadow of the factors such as light source fluctuating, bending loss of optical fiber, junction loss and detector aging
It rings；(2) needs of the unintelligible and intrinsic reference point of phase measurement in general interferometric sensor are avoided.In addition, fiber grating
Itself has high sensitivity, small in size, corrosion-resistant, anti-electromagnetic-radiation, long-time stability good, and it is excellent to be easy to implement telemeasurement etc.
Point, suitable for long-term monitoring, and also the sensor-based system of multiple fiber gratings composition, multiplexing, convenient for being connect with computer,
Quasi-distributed measurement can be achieved.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high range high-precision tension based on fiber grating
Meter and its saturation process, the tensometer can carry out remote continuous measurement to certain area and depth bounds soil suction,
Feature is: saving material, economical and practical, structure is simple, convenient for disassembly and assembly.The saturation process of the tensometer is simple former in line with operation
Then, on the basis of following the principle of above-mentioned two stages saturation, reach good saturation effect as far as possible in order to reach above-mentioned
Purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, including lower bottom base 11 are opened at the top of the lower bottom base 11
Mouthful, and it is successively formed with upper cavity 19, middle cavity 20 and lower chamber 21 from top to bottom, upper cavity 19, middle cavity 20 and lower chamber
21 diameter is sequentially reduced from up to down；It is fixed with nested rings 1 in upper cavity 19, upper nested rings 1, in upper 1 bottom of nested rings
It is convex to be formed with baffle ring 22, it is fixed with high air-entry value pot clay end 2 in 22 top of baffle ring, forms water storage cavity 8, water storage cavity 8 in baffle ring 22
It is interior to be filled with air free water；Flexible sheet 7 is installed in the middle cavity 20, is fixed on flexible sheet 7 and surveys press polish grid 5, surveys pressure
Grating 5 is in lower chamber 21, and thermometric grating 4 is also equipped in lower chamber 21；Water storage cavity 8 with a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
Further to improve, the flexible sheet 7 is fixed in middle cavity 20 by " O " type sealing ring 6, the sealing of " O " type
Circle 6 is fixed in the rectangular channel that middle cavity 20 opens up.
Further to improve, the survey press polish grid 5 are serially connected on same optical fiber with thermometric grating 4, and optical fiber is drawn by optical fiber
Entrance is connect with extraneous optical cable.
Further to improve, the flexible sheet 7 first polishes flat when pasting survey press polish grid 5, then applies setting again
Pressure, enable survey press polish grid 5 paste flexible sheet 7 on when generate corresponding pre-stretching.
A kind of application method of the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, use process the following steps are included:
Step 1: tensometer and saturator 12 are tightly connected, and are saturated high air-entry value pot clay end 2；
Step 2: using drilling or excavating groove, tensometer is embedded in the soil body, drilling and groove are returned using in-situ soil
It fills out；
Step 3: the tensometer in each implantation soil body to be measured is set by being connected to external fiber grating demodulation
It is standby, form soil body suction continuous measurement system；
Step 4: when the exchange of moisture of high air-entry value pot clay end 2 and the soil body reaches balance, i.e., after temperature-compensating,
When the central wavelength of survey press polish grid no longer changes, temperature compensated survey press polish grid central wavelength is read, according to what is demarcated in advance
The relationship of the central wavelength of soil body tension and survey press polish grid, calculates the suction of the soil body to be measured.
A kind of saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: injecting air free water into saturator 12, and makes to be tightly connected at the top of tensometer and saturator 12, solid simultaneously
Determine the high air-entry value pot clay end 2 of tensometer to be located above air free water；
Step 2: opening the valve a15 that saturator 12 is connect with vacuum pump 14, starts vacuum pump 14, until vacuum degree refers to
Show stabilization, closes vacuum pump 14 and valve a15；
Step 3: 90 ° of saturator of overturning opens saturator 12 and pneumatics after air free water submerges high air-entry value pot clay end 2
The valve b17 that machine 16 connects starts air compressor machine, and only setting pressure maintains for 24 hours for adjustment.
Further to improve, the vacuum pump 14 is connected to at the top of saturator 12 by valve a15.
Further to improve, the air compressor machine 16 is connected to 12 bottom of saturator by valve b17.
It is further to improve, pressure checking table 13 is installed on the saturator 6.
Further to improve, 12 bottom of saturator is connect by shaft axis to be mounted on earth's surface pedestal 18.
Technical principle of the invention is:
1. obtaining surveying the central wavelength and suction relationship of press polish grid by experimental calibration.Experimental calibration system uses and saturation
The identical device of method, operating method: demarcating vacuum pump and air compressor machine first with pressure checking table respectively, followed by saturation
The high air-entry value pot clay end of power meter finally demarcates tensometer using vacuum pump and air compressor machine.
2. high air-entry value pot clay end is directly contacted with soil when measurement, the pure Free water in water storage cavity passes through porous clay
Head establishes hydraulic connection with the soil water.Since the gesture value of Free water in water storage cavity is always above the gesture value of the soil water, thus water storage
Water flows to soil quickly in chamber, and negative pressure is formed in water storage cavity, which will pull flexible sheet deformation, and then causes to survey and press
Grating wavelength generates drift.Gesture value inside and outside instrument reaches balance, and wavelength shift reaches stable, at this time can be according to pre- calibration
Curve obtains soil tension；
3. in measurement process, when the temperature change of soil media, thermometric grating can directly acquire ambient temperature value, will be warm
Angle value, which substitutes into the wavelength formula for surveying press polish grid, can reject wavelength variable quantity caused by temperature effect.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. since fiber-optic grating sensor has many advantages, such as that waterproof performance is good, the service life is long and diamagnetic interference is good, this
Invention device is suitable for long term monitoring, and can also be applied to region affected by magnetic fields.
2. due to using fiber grating as sensing strain gauge element, it is easy to extend tensometer and measure to positive laminate section.
3. reducing storage chamber height, the reaction time of tensometer is shortened, inside cavity water body is reduced and vaporizes
Possibility, improve the range of tensometer.
4. being equipped with " O " type sealing ring between lower bottom base of the present invention and flexible sheet, the leakproofness of device can be improved and disappear
Except influence of the deformation to flexible sheet of lower bottom base.Often interference of the sensor by extraneous stress in actual test, isolation
Stress can improve the accuracy of test, while keep the device application range more extensive.
5. the present invention is provided with temperature compensation optical fiber grating, the fluctuation of the soil body ambient enviroment temperature difference can avoid to measurement result
It influences.
It, can the remote continuous measurement of networking realization 6. apparatus of the present invention small volume, is easily installed.
7. the saturation process of apparatus of the present invention, easy to operate, saturation effect is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the composite unit structure schematic diagram of the present invention high air-entry value pot clay end and upper nested rings；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of lower bottom base of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is indoor standardization and saturation testing measuring device system diagram.
In figure, 1 is upper nested rings, and 2 be high air-entry value pot clay end, and 3 be capillary, and 4 be thermometric grating, and 5 is survey press polish grid,
6 be " O " type sealing ring, and 7 be elastic membrane, and 8 be water storage cavity, and 9 be optical fiber intake, and 10 be extraneous optical cable, and 11 be lower bottom base, and 12 are
Saturator, 13 be pressure checking table, and 14 be vacuum pump, and 15 be valve a, and 16 be air compressor machine, and 17 be valve b, and 18 be earth's surface pedestal,
19 be upper cavity, and 20 be middle cavity, and 21 be lower chamber, and 22 be baffle ring.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, including upper nested rings 1, high air-entry value
Pot clay end 2, thermometric grating 4, surveys press polish grid 5, " O " type sealing ring 6, elastic membrane 7 and lower bottom base 11 at capillary 3.As preferred side
Formula, upper nested rings and lower bottom base are all made of nickel-molybdenum alloy material；High air-entry value pot clay end is used with upper nested rings and is fixedly connected, shape
At assembly, it is preferred that, the two is bonded using epoxy glue；The top of lower bottom base is provided with flexible sheet, as preferred
Mode, the flexible sheet metallic film material high using tensile strength, and the two is bonded using epoxy glue；It surveys press polish grid and passes through two
A symmetrically arranged grating fixed column is fixed on flexible sheet；Thermometric grating housing is equipped with protection capillary, and capillary is pasted
On lower bottom base.
Above-mentioned flexible sheet and the one-pass molding of grating fixed column, encapsulation easy to process.
Above-mentioned upper nested rings are internally located at the gap between flexible sheet and high air-entry value pottery clay plates and form water storage cavity, in
Equipped with air free water, height is 0.1mm to 0.5mm, it is preferred that, water storage cavity height selects 0.3mm.
It is equipped with " O " type sealing ring between above-mentioned lower bottom base and flexible sheet, is somebody's turn to do " O " type sealing ring and is placed in lower nested rings
In the rectangular channel that wall surface opens up, for improving leakproofness and eliminating influence of the deformation of lower bottom base to flexible sheet.
Above-mentioned survey press polish grid and thermometric grating are serially connected on same optical fiber, and optical fiber is connected by optical fiber intake and extraneous optical cable
It connects.
Above-mentioned flexible sheet first polishes flat when pasting survey press polish grid, then applies certain pressure again, keeps grating viscous
Corresponding pre-stretching can be generated when pasting thereon.
A kind of high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, specifically used process the following steps are included:
Step 1: tensometer and saturator are tightly connected, and are saturated high air-entry value pot clay end；
Step 2: using drilling or excavating groove, sensing device is embedded in the soil body, drilling and groove use in-situ soil
Backfill；
Step 3: the sensing device in each implantation soil body to be measured is set by being connected to external fiber grating demodulation
It is standby, form soil body suction continuous measurement system；
Step 4: when the exchange of moisture of high air-entry value pot clay end and the soil body reaches balance, i.e., after temperature-compensating,
When the central wavelength of FBG no longer changes, read temperature compensated FBG central wavelength, according to the soil body tension demarcated in advance with
The relationship of the central wavelength of fiber grating calculates the suction of the soil body to be measured.
The saturation process of above-mentioned a kind of high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, used by the saturation process
Device includes: saturator, pressure checking table, vacuum pump and air compressor machine, and the saturator may be implemented to rotate, be fixedly connected
On earth's surface pedestal, the vacuum pump is connect at the top of saturator by valve, and the air compressor machine and saturator bottom pass through valve
Door connection, the pressure checking table are fixed at the top of saturator.
Mentioned strain meter saturation process is also disclosed in the present invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: injecting a certain amount of air free water into saturator, and makes to be tightly connected at the top of tensometer and saturator, together
When the fixed high air-entry value pot clay end of tensometer be located at air free water top；
Step 2: opening the valve that saturator is controlled to a vacuum pump, and starts vacuum pump, until vacuum degree instruction is stablized, closes
Close vacuum pump and valve；
Step 3: being inverted 90 ° of saturator, after air free water submerges high air-entry value pot clay end, opens saturator and air compressor machine
The valve of connection, starts air compressor machine, and adjustment certain pressure maintains for 24 hours.
Experimental calibration system uses device identical with saturation process, operating method: distinguishing first with pressure checking table
Vacuum pump and air compressor machine are demarcated, followed by the saturation high air-entry value pot clay end of tensometer, is finally demarcated using vacuum pump and air compressor machine
Tensometer.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way, it is all according to the present invention
Technical spirit any simple modification, change and equivalent structure transformation to the above embodiments, still fall within skill of the present invention
In the protection scope of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, including lower bottom base (11), which is characterized in that the bottom
Seat (11) top opening, and it is successively formed with upper cavity (19), middle cavity (20) and lower chamber (21), upper cavity from top to bottom
(19), the diameter of middle cavity (20) and lower chamber (21) is sequentially reduced from up to down；Nested rings are fixed in upper cavity (19)
(1), upper nested rings (1), upper nested rings (1) bottom convex are formed with baffle ring (22), and baffle ring (22) is fixed with high air inlet in top
It is worth pot clay end (2), forms water storage cavity (8) in baffle ring (22), air free water is filled in water storage cavity (8)；In the middle cavity (20)
It is equipped with flexible sheet (7), is fixed on flexible sheet (7) and surveys press polish grid (5), survey press polish grid (5) and be in lower chamber (21),
Thermometric grating (4) are also equipped in lower chamber (21)；Water storage cavity (8) with a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
2. the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the elastic membrane
Piece (7) is fixed in middle cavity (20) by " O " type sealing ring (6), and " O " type sealing ring (6) is fixed on middle cavity (20) and opens up
Rectangular channel in.
3. the high range high-precision tensometer according to claim 1 based on fiber grating, it is characterised in that: the survey pressure
Grating (5) and thermometric grating (4) are serially connected on same optical fiber, and optical fiber is connect by optical fiber intake with extraneous optical cable.
4. the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Flexible sheet (7) is stated when pasting survey press polish grid (5), first polishes flat, then applies the pressure of setting again, makes to survey press polish grid
(5) corresponding pre-stretching can be generated when pasting on flexible sheet (7).
5. a kind of application method of the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, which is characterized in that use process includes
Following steps:
Step 1: tensometer and saturator (12) are tightly connected, and are saturated high air-entry value pot clay end (2)；
Step 2: using drilling or excavating groove, tensometer being embedded in the soil body, and drilling and groove are using earthen backfill in situ；
Step 3: by the tensometer in each implantation soil body to be measured by being connected to external fiber grating demodulation equipment, shape
At soil body suction continuous measurement system；
Step 4: it when the exchange of moisture of high air-entry value pot clay end (2) and the soil body reaches balance, i.e., after temperature-compensating, surveys
When the central wavelength of press polish grid no longer changes, temperature compensated survey press polish grid central wavelength is read, according to the soil demarcated in advance
The relationship of the central wavelength of body tension and survey press polish grid, calculates the suction of the soil body to be measured.
6. a kind of saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer based on fiber grating, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: to injection air free water in saturator (12), and making to be tightly connected at the top of tensometer and saturator (12), solid simultaneously
Determine the high air-entry value pot clay end (2) of tensometer to be located above air free water；
Step 2: opening the valve a (15) that saturator (12) are connect with vacuum pump (14), starts vacuum pump (14), until vacuum
Degree instruction is stablized, and vacuum pump (14) and valve a (15) are closed；
Step 3: 90 ° of saturator of overturning opens saturator (12) and pneumatics after air free water submerges high air-entry value pot clay end (2)
The valve b (17) of machine (16) connection starts air compressor machine, and only setting pressure maintains for 24 hours for adjustment.
7. the saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer according to claim 6 based on fiber grating, feature exist
In: the vacuum pump (14) is connected to at the top of saturator (12) by valve a (15).
8. the saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer according to claim 6 based on fiber grating, feature exist
In: the air compressor machine (16) is connected to saturator (12) bottom by valve b (17).
9. the saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer according to claim 6 based on fiber grating, feature exist
In: pressure checking table (13) are installed on the saturator (6).
10. the saturation process of the high range high-precision tensometer according to claim 6 based on fiber grating, feature exist
In: saturator (12) bottom is connect by shaft axis to be mounted on earth's surface pedestal (18).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112964857A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-15 | 南京大学 | Soil matrix suction monitoring device and method based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN115615878A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-17 | 浙江大学 | Automatic saturation device of high-range tensiometer and saturation manufacturing method |
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| CN115615878A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-17 | 浙江大学 | Automatic saturation device of high-range tensiometer and saturation manufacturing method |
| CN115615878B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-01-23 | 浙江大学 | Automatic saturation device of high-range tensiometer and saturation manufacturing method |
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| CN109682514B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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