CN109681123B - Diameter-adjustable drill bit and sectional reaming method - Google Patents
Diameter-adjustable drill bit and sectional reaming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109681123B CN109681123B CN201811438384.XA CN201811438384A CN109681123B CN 109681123 B CN109681123 B CN 109681123B CN 201811438384 A CN201811438384 A CN 201811438384A CN 109681123 B CN109681123 B CN 109681123B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- drill
- blade
- drilling
- reaming
- rod body
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
- E21B10/325—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools the cutter being shifted by a spring mechanism
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/046—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like with ribs, pins, or jaws, and complementary grooves or the like, e.g. bayonet catches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
Abstract
The invention provides a diameter-adjustable drill bit and a sectional reaming method, which relate to the technical field of drill bits for mining and solve the technical problem that the drill bit needs to be replaced when the bore diameter of a drill hole is changed; the aperture adjusting mechanism comprises an inner drill shaft and a one-way bearing, the one-way bearing is fixed on the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder, a limiting pin is arranged on the inner side of the one-way bearing, and the limiting pin slides in a vertical guide rail groove formed in the inner drill shaft; the drill rod mechanism comprises a rod body, end heads and screw caps, wherein butt joint grooves are formed in the end heads at two ends of the rod body, and the screw caps are arranged at one end of the rod body; by utilizing the drill bit to drill holes, the size of the aperture can be adjusted by adjusting the drilling direction of the drill rod, so that the purpose of sectionally reaming the same holes is achieved. The invention has the advantages of high drilling efficiency, convenient construction and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining drill bits, in particular to a drill bit with adjustable diameter and a method for performing sectional reaming drilling construction by using the drill bit.
Background
In deep mining of coal mines, rock burst prevention and control are important points for guaranteeing safe mining. The large-diameter drilling pressure relief device is widely applied as an important technical means in rock burst prevention and control. The larger the aperture of the pressure relief hole in the large-diameter drilling pressure relief technology is, the more sufficient the pressure relief effect is, but the too large aperture can cause excessive crushing of coal bodies, so that the failure of a roadway support system is caused, and larger accidents are caused. The reaming pressure relief technology is that small-diameter drilling holes are drilled near the coal wall, and large-diameter drilling holes are changed into large-diameter drilling holes at the deep position of the coal body with concentrated stress, wherein the large-diameter drilling holes can effectively reduce the accumulation of the elastic energy of coal and rock bodies above and around a roadway, and the small-diameter drilling holes maintain the integrity of the side wall of the roadway, so that strong and weak structures of surrounding rocks of the roadway are formed, and safe and effective pressure relief and danger relief of a high-stress concentrated area are realized. Therefore, the drilling holes with different diameters are constructed in sections according to the stress concentration condition in the coal wall during drilling so as to effectively relieve pressure.
Reaming and pressure relief techniques require reamer bits, which currently mainly employ hydraulic or mechanical methods to expand the blades of the drill bit. The hydraulic reaming bit has higher requirement on the water pressure value, and a high-pressure water pump is generally required to be added, for example, a multifunctional high-pressure rotary jet sectional reaming bit disclosed in China patent 201220052070.8. The mechanical reamer bit has more connecting members of the reamer bit reaming part, complex structure and lower durability, for example, a retractable double-wing reamer bit disclosed in Chinese patent 201520668720.5. The existing drilling equipment generally can only realize the need of one-time reaming diameter, and the drill bit needs to be replaced when the drilling diameter is changed for the third time, so that the working efficiency is greatly reduced, and the labor cost is increased. Therefore, further improvements to reamer bits and segmented reaming methods are needed to address the need for efficient reaming of multiple apertures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a diameter-adjustable drill bit for solving the technical problem of reaming in sections in the same drilling hole, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
The diameter-adjustable drill bit comprises a drilling mechanism, an aperture adjusting mechanism and a drill rod mechanism, and is characterized in that the drilling mechanism comprises an outer drill cylinder, a drilling blade, a reaming blade and a spring, wherein the drilling blade is arranged at the end part of the outer drill cylinder, and the reaming blade is hinged with the side wall of the outer drill cylinder; the aperture adjusting mechanism comprises an inner drill shaft and a one-way bearing, the inner drill shaft is arranged inside the outer drill cylinder, the one-way bearing is fixed on the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder, a bearing limiting pin is arranged on the inner side of the one-way bearing, and the bearing limiting pin slides in a vertical guide rail groove formed in the inner drill shaft.
Preferably, the drill rod mechanism comprises a rod body, ends and screw caps, wherein the ends are arranged at two ends of the rod body, and the screw caps are arranged on one side of the rod body.
Preferably, the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder is provided with a connecting limiting pin, and the connecting limiting pin slides in a circumferential guide rail groove formed in the inner drill shaft.
It is further preferred that the circumferential guide rail groove on the inner drill shaft is stepped; the circumferential guide rail groove is arranged at the front part of the inner drill shaft, and the rear part of the inner drill shaft is also provided with a blade limit groove; the connecting end of the reaming blade slides in the blade limiting groove.
It is further preferable that water injection holes are formed in the middle of the rod body and the middle of the inner drill shaft, water outlets are formed in the drilling blade, and the water injection holes are communicated with the water outlets.
Still further preferably, a spring is provided between the inner drill shaft and the drilling blade; a reaming blade mounting groove is formed in the outer drilling barrel; the drilling blade is a unidirectional rotating blade.
Still further preferably, the ends at both ends of the rod body are provided with butt joint grooves, and one end of the rod body is provided with a screw cap.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) The drill bit structure adopts a connecting mode that the inner drill shaft and the outer drill barrel are matched with each other, and the method of connecting the limiting groove and the bearing is utilized, so that the drill bit structure has the advantages of convenience in installation, simplicity in operation, stable and durable structure matching; the water injection hole is arranged in the drill bit, and water discharged from the water outlet can effectively prevent the drill bit from overheating.
(2) When the drill bit with adjustable diameter is used for drilling construction of segmented reaming, the drill bit does not need to be replaced, and the drill rod is adjusted to rotate, so that the drilling diameter is changed, the drilling construction efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of drilling construction is reduced.
(3) The diameter-adjustable drill bit is utilized for drilling construction, so that the construction requirements of different apertures can be met, the extension range of the reamer bit is reversely adjusted, the position of the reamer bit is limited by the blade limiting groove, and the aperture size of the drilled hole is changed under the condition that the drill bit is not required to be replaced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partially sectioned structure of a diameter-adjustable drill bit structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drill rod mechanism;
FIG. 3 is an expanded view of the side structure of the inner drill shaft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reaming section drilling construction mechanism;
in the figure: 1-a drilling mechanism; 2-aperture adjustment mechanism; 3-a drill rod mechanism; 11-an outer drill cylinder; 12-drilling blades; 13-reaming blades; 14-a spring; 21-an inner drill shaft; 22-one-way bearings; 23-a vertical guide rail groove; 24-a circumferential guide rail groove; 25-a blade limit groove; 31-a rod body; 32-ends; 33-screw cap.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, embodiments of a diameter-adjustable drill bit according to the present invention are as follows.
The utility model provides a drill bit with adjustable diameter, as shown in fig. 1, specifically includes drilling mechanism 1, aperture adjustment mechanism 2 and drilling rod mechanism 3, and drilling mechanism 1 and aperture adjustment mechanism 2 mutually support, and drilling rod mechanism 3 connect rig and drilling mechanism 1, utilize the drill bit with adjustable diameter to carry out the drilling, can adjust the drilling aperture size of drill bit through the direction of boring of adjusting the drilling rod to reach with the purpose of drilling segmentation reaming.
The drilling mechanism 1 comprises an outer drilling barrel 11, a drilling blade 12, a reaming blade 13 and a spring 14, wherein the drilling blade 12 is arranged at the front end part of the outer drilling barrel 11, the reaming blade 13 is hinged with the side wall of the outer drilling barrel 11, and the reaming blade 13 is arranged at the rear part of the outer drilling barrel 11. Two reamer blades 13 may be symmetrically arranged as required, the length of the reamer blades 13 being the greatest radius of increase of the borehole. A connection limiting pin is arranged on the inner wall of the outer drill barrel 11, the connection limiting pin slides in a circumferential guide rail groove 24 formed on the inner drill shaft 21, and the circumferential guide rail groove 24 is stepped, as shown in fig. 3. A spring 14 is arranged between the inner drill shaft 21 and the drill blade 12, the drill blade 12 being a unidirectional rotating blade. The outer drill barrel 11 is provided with a reaming blade mounting groove, the reaming blade 13 is hidden in the reaming blade mounting groove in a non-reaming state, and the width of the reaming blade mounting groove can be equal to the mounting width of the reaming blade 13.
The aperture adjusting mechanism 2 comprises an inner drill shaft 21 and a one-way bearing 22, wherein the inner drill shaft 21 is arranged inside the outer drill barrel 11, the one-way bearing 22 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer drill barrel 11, a bearing limiting pin is arranged on the inner side of the one-way bearing 22, and the bearing limiting pin slides in a vertical guide rail groove 23 formed in the inner drill shaft 21. The unidirectional bearing 22 can only rotate reversely relative to the outer drill barrel 11, and when the drill rod mechanism 3 rotates positively to drive the unidirectional bearing 22 to rotate, relative rotation between the unidirectional bearing 22 and the outer drill barrel 11 can not occur. The circumferential guide rail groove 24 on the inner drill shaft 21 is stepped, the circumferential guide rail groove 24 is arranged at the front part of the inner drill shaft 21, and the rear part of the inner drill shaft 21 is also provided with a blade limit groove 25. The connecting end of the reaming blade 13 slides in the blade limiting groove 25, the blade limiting groove 25 is in a ladder shape, the shape of the blade limiting groove 25 and the shape of the circumferential guide rail groove 24 are mutually corresponding shapes which are formed by accurate calculation and processing, and the ladder positions of the blade limiting groove 25 are correspondingly consistent. The bottom surface of the blade limiting groove 25 presses the connecting end of the reaming blade 13 during forward drilling, the reaming blade 13 is opened, and the top surface of the blade limiting groove 25 limits the maximum opening angle of the reaming blade. Water injection holes are formed in the middle of the rod body 31 and the inner drill shaft 21, water outlets are formed in the drill blades, the water injection holes are communicated with the water outlets, water is discharged through the water outlets in the drilling process, and the drilling mechanism 1 is cooled.
As shown in fig. 2, the drill rod mechanism 3 includes a rod body 31, a tip 32, and a screw cap 33. The butt joint grooves are formed in the ends of the two ends of the rod body 31, the butt joint grooves ensure that the joint cannot fall off due to relative rotation, a screw cap 33 is arranged at one end of the rod body 31, and the two connected rod bodies 31 are fastened together through the screw cap 33.
As shown in FIG. 4, by using the diameter-adjustable drill bit, the method specifically comprises the following construction steps:
and A, positioning the drilling position and determining the drilling depth.
And B, the drilling blade 12 is tightly adhered to the coal wall, a spring between the inner drilling shaft 21 and the drilling blade 12 is compressed, the reversing drill rod mechanism 3 drives the inner drilling shaft to rotate, the connecting limiting pin slides in the circumferential guide rail groove 24, the one-way bearing 22 rotates, the bearing limiting pin slides along the vertical guide rail groove 23, and the connecting section of the reaming blade 13 enters a specific limiting groove.
Step C, the drill rod body 31 drives the inner drill shaft 21 to compress the spring 14, the bottom surface of the blade limiting groove 25 pushes the reaming blade to open, the top surface of the blade limiting groove 25 limits the maximum opening angle of the reaming blade 13, meanwhile, the outer drill cylinder 11 rotates forward to drill, and drilling is stopped after a non-reaming section is formed.
And D, the drilling blade 12 is tightly attached to the coal wall, and because the drilling blade 12 is a unidirectional rotating blade, the outer drill cylinder 11 and the coal wall are relatively fixed when the inner drill shaft 21 is reversed, the reversing drill rod mechanism 3 drives the inner drill shaft 21 to rotate, and the position of the connecting end of the reaming blade 13 in the blade limiting groove 25 is adjusted.
And E, driving the outer drilling barrel 11 to forward drill by the forward drilling rod mechanism 3, and driving the reaming blades 13 on the outer drilling barrel 11 to forward rotate by the inner drilling shaft 21 due to the arrangement of the unidirectional bearing 22 to form a reaming section.
And F, repeating the steps B to E to form the sectional reaming drilling.
And G, stopping drilling, taking out the drill bit, and retracting the reaming blade 13 to the reaming blade mounting groove.
When the drill bit with adjustable diameter is used for drilling construction of segmented reaming, the drill bit does not need to be replaced, and the drilling diameter is changed by adjusting the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the drilling machine, so that the efficiency of drilling construction is improved, and the labor intensity of drilling construction is reduced.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The diameter-adjustable drill bit comprises a drilling mechanism, an aperture adjusting mechanism and a drill rod mechanism, and is characterized in that the drilling mechanism comprises an outer drill cylinder, a drilling blade, a reaming blade and a spring, wherein the drilling blade is arranged at the end part of the outer drill cylinder, and the reaming blade is hinged with the side wall of the outer drill cylinder; the aperture adjusting mechanism comprises an inner drill shaft and a one-way bearing, the inner drill shaft is arranged in the outer drill cylinder, the one-way bearing is fixed on the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder, a bearing limiting pin is arranged on the inner side of the one-way bearing, and the bearing limiting pin slides in a vertical guide rail groove formed in the inner drill shaft; the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder is provided with a connecting limiting pin, the connecting limiting pin slides in a circumferential guide rail groove formed in the inner drill shaft, and the outer drill cylinder is also provided with a reaming blade mounting groove; a spring is arranged between the inner drill shaft and the drilling blade; the circumference guide rail groove on the inner drill shaft is stepped; the circular guide rail groove is arranged at the front part of the inner drill shaft, the rear part of the inner drill shaft is also provided with a blade limiting groove, the connecting end of the reaming blade slides in the blade limiting groove, the blade limiting groove is in a ladder shape, the shape of the blade limiting groove and the shape of the circular guide rail groove are mutually corresponding, and the ladder positions are corresponding; the bottom surface of the blade limiting groove pushes the reaming blade to open, and the top surface of the blade limiting groove limits the maximum opening angle of the reaming blade; the connecting end of the reaming blade slides in the blade limiting groove; the drilling blade is a unidirectional rotating blade.
2. The diameter adjustable drill bit of claim 1, wherein the drill rod mechanism comprises a rod body, ends and screw caps, the ends are disposed at two ends of the rod body, and the screw caps are disposed on one side of the rod body.
3. The diameter-adjustable drill bit according to claim 2, wherein water injection holes are formed in the middle of the rod body and the inner drill shaft, water outlets are formed in the drilling blade, and the water injection holes are communicated with the water outlets.
4. A diameter adjustable drill according to claim 3, wherein the ends of the rod body are provided with butt grooves, and one end of the rod body is provided with screw caps.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811438384.XA CN109681123B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Diameter-adjustable drill bit and sectional reaming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811438384.XA CN109681123B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Diameter-adjustable drill bit and sectional reaming method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109681123A CN109681123A (en) | 2019-04-26 |
| CN109681123B true CN109681123B (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811438384.XA Active CN109681123B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Diameter-adjustable drill bit and sectional reaming method |
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| CN110359842B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2020-11-24 | 西安石油大学 | Wellbore track adjusting device for tight oil drilling |
| CN111594053A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-28 | 温州市晨绕机械科技有限公司 | Diameter-adjustable drilling machine for geological survey |
| CN111927325B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-07-01 | 浙江野牛工具有限公司 | Drilling rod with adjustable bore diameter |
| CN112240168B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-06-28 | 西安乔木科技技术有限公司 | Guide drill rod of horizontal directional drilling machine and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109681123A (en) | 2019-04-26 |
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