CN109673197B - Space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673197B CN109673197B CN201910161078.4A CN201910161078A CN109673197B CN 109673197 B CN109673197 B CN 109673197B CN 201910161078 A CN201910161078 A CN 201910161078A CN 109673197 B CN109673197 B CN 109673197B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of establishing a 'platform field-shallow pool' combined system, digging ditches at two sides of a platform field, wherein the platform field is a stepped platform field, a shallow pool is arranged in the middle of the ditches, a culture pool is arranged in the shallow pool, salt discharge ditches are arranged at two sides of the shallow pool, the platform pool and the pool are equal in length, and the ratio of the width of the pool to the total width of the platform pool is (the current soil salt content-the upper limit of the suitable salt content of cultivated crops)/the current soil salt content; when the salt content in the field is more than 3 per mill, performing crop rotation of the koji vegetable and the triticale or the ryegrass; when the salt content on the platform field is less than 3 per mill, paddy-upland rotation of rice and grain feed crops can be carried out; washing salt in the terrace in coordination with freezing salt washing; the culture pond is used for polyculturing fishes, shrimps and shellfish, and the fishes are tilapia. The invention reduces the salt content of the saline-alkali soil from 4.5 per mill to below 3 per mill, improves the local vegetation coverage area by 25 percent, and obviously improves the economic benefit and the ecological benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding, in particular to a space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil.
Background
The yellow river delta is formed by carrying a large amount of silt and sea for land reclamation in the yellow river, is located in the northeast of the depression of the solar-saving property of a terrace region in the north China, is a settlement region of a middle and new generation, and is covered with a layer of river-phase sediment on the fourth sea-phase sediment, and the characteristic of the binary structure sediment deeply influences the soil salt accumulation condition and the saline-alkali property of the region.
The method is characterized in that the method is used for building a terrace field, is one of the main methods for improving the saline-alkali soil in the coastal areas in the north, and can be used for assisting in laying a dark road, arranging an interlayer and the like while digging and building a terrace. Because the terrace is 2-3 meters higher than the original ground surface, the distance between the soil surface layer and the underground saline water is increased, and the hidden channel and the interlayer also have obvious effects of salt discharge and salt separation, so that the salt transportation of the underground saline water to the soil surface layer through the capillary effect is greatly inhibited. However, in the current terrace, salt is washed only by flood irrigation or natural rainfall, the salt washing is not thorough, a large amount of fresh water is wasted, and the effect of salt water separation cannot be well achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil, and the technical problem to be solved is to separate salt and water from the saline-alkali soil and separate the salt and the soil, so that the purposes of controlling the salt and increasing the yield are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a 'platform field-shallow pool' combined system, wherein ditches are dug at two sides of the platform field, the platform field is a stepped platform field, a shallow pool is arranged in the middle of the ditches, a culture pool is arranged in the shallow pool, salt discharge ditches are arranged at two sides of the shallow pool, a proper platform-pool area ratio is determined according to the saline-alkali condition, the platform-pool is equal in length, and the ratio of the width of the pool to the total width of the platform pool is (the current soil salinity content-the upper limit of the proper salt content of the cultivated crops)/the current soil salinity content;
(2) the planting on the terrace is as follows: performing rotation of koji vegetable and triticale or ryegrass in a high-salt area more than 3 per thousand, planting triticale or ryegrass in winter, planting koji vegetable in summer, and linking the sowing periods; and wheat and corn or wheat and rice are planted in a low-salt area less than 3 per thousand for rotation;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that (1) bench field salt washing is matched with freezing salt washing, a large groove matched with the bench field salt discharge ditch is arranged at the bottom of the bench field salt discharge ditch, a fresh water storage pool is arranged along the length direction of the large groove, stand columns are arranged at two ends of the fresh water storage pool, small grooves are arranged at the top ends of the stand columns, the height of the fresh water storage pool is lower than that of the small grooves, a water pump is arranged in the fresh water storage pool, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with a drip irrigation pipe arranged on the bench field through a water pipe, a dripping film is laid at the top of the bench field, the dripping film is downwards sunken at an angle of 15-30 degrees, the lowest sunken end of the dripping film corresponds to the position of the fresh water storage pool, and the dripping film is fixed on the small groove and is fixed and tensioned;
flood-irrigating the terrace with water for salt washing, injecting fresh water into the fresh water storage pool, starting a water pump arranged in the fresh water storage pool, continuing to wash the terrace with salt through a drip irrigation pipe, preventing salt from moving upwards, evaporating the salt water collected in the salt discharge ditch through evaporation, collecting the evaporated fresh water on a flow drop film and flowing into the fresh water storage pool, so that the system can continuously and circularly wash the salt and prevent the salt from moving upwards;
the frozen salt washing comprises the following steps: after the air temperature is reduced to the freezing stage in winter, the ice in the shallow pool is scattered on the soil between the triticale and the ryegrass on the terrace, and when the air temperature is increased to be more than 0 ℃, the frozen blocks can wash the salt in the heavy saline-alkali soil and separate the water and the salt of the saline-alkali water.
Preferably: and (4) arranging an electric heating wire at the bottom of the large tank in the step (3) for accelerating the evaporation of the saline water.
Preferably: and a salinity measuring instrument is arranged in the terrace, and the time and the times of circulating salt washing are determined according to the salinity measuring value, and whether the electric heating wire is needed for heating is determined.
Preferably: in the step (1), the culture pond is used for polyculture of fish, shrimps and shellfish, and the fish is tilapia.
Has the advantages that:
the planting and breeding method of the invention, through the trapezoidal terrace, not only meets the growth requirements of different vegetation, but also improves the vegetation coverage rate of the terrace, and reduces the salt content of the saline-alkali soil from 3 per mill originally to below 2 per mill at present, and increases the economic benefit more than 1000 yuan per mu every year, and also creates huge environmental benefit.
The salt discharge ditch can collect the salt water after the salt washing of the large water flood irrigation drainage, is convenient for later use, the water pump arranged in the fresh water reservoir is started after the large water flood irrigation terrace, the terrace is continuously washed with the salt through the drip irrigation pipe, the salt is prevented from moving upwards, the soil is prevented from being washed away, the salt water collected in the salt discharge ditch is evaporated through the evaporation effect, the evaporated fresh water is collected on the flow drip membrane and flows into the fresh water reservoir, so that the system can continuously and circularly wash the salt and prevent the salt from moving upwards.
After the ice cubes melt and wash the salt, the water pump is started to wash the salt system, the effective combination of salt washing of the ice cubes and automatic salt washing is achieved, and the salt is further prevented from moving upwards and washing the salt in the saline-alkali soil.
The invention reduces the salt content of the saline-alkali soil from 4.5 per mill to below 3 per mill, improves the local vegetation coverage area by 25 percent, and obviously improves the economic benefit and the ecological benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a saline-alkali soil salt-washing system according to an embodiment;
wherein: 1. the method comprises the following steps of 1, a terrace, 2, a salt discharge ditch, 3, a water storage pool, 4, an upright post, 5, a water pump, 6, a water outlet, 7, a drip irrigation pipe, 8, a water delivery pipe, 9, a drip film, 10 and a shallow pool.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments, and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a 'platform field-shallow pool' combined system, wherein ditches are dug at two sides of a platform field 1, the platform field 1 is a stepped platform field, a shallow pool 10 is arranged in the middle of the ditches, a culture pool is arranged in the shallow pool 10, salt discharge ditches 2 are arranged at two sides of the shallow pool 10, a proper platform-pool area ratio is determined according to the saline-alkali condition, the platform-pool length is equal, and the proportion of the pool width to the total width of the platform pool is (the current soil salinity content-the upper limit of the proper salinity content of the cultivated crops)/the current soil salinity content;
(2) the planting on the terrace 1 is divided into two types: performing rotation of koji vegetable and triticale or ryegrass in a high-salt area more than 3 per thousand, planting triticale or ryegrass in winter, planting koji vegetable in summer, and linking the sowing periods; and wheat and corn or wheat and rice are planted in a low-salt area less than 3 per thousand for rotation; the method comprises the following steps of crushing and returning the straw mixed organic fertilizer to the field, carrying out rotary tillage and then turning over (in the specific operation, crushing the straw, mixing the crushed straw with the organic fertilizer containing humic acid, returning the mixture to the field, sieving the mixture by a 4-mesh sieve, wherein the returning depth of 40 cm. is specifically carried out by carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm, turning over for 35-40cm, and turning over the mixture of the straw and the organic fertilizer to the deep position), and covering a ground surface with a film or straw to form an evaporation barrier layer;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that (1) bench field salt washing is matched with freezing salt washing, a large groove matched with the bench field salt washing ditch 2 is arranged at the bottom of the salt discharge ditch, a fresh water storage pool 3 is arranged along the length direction of the large groove, stand columns 4 are arranged at two ends of the fresh water storage pool 3, small grooves are arranged at the top ends of the stand columns 4, the height of the fresh water storage pool 3 is lower than that of the small grooves, a water pump 5 is arranged in the fresh water storage pool 3, a water outlet 6 of the water pump 5 is connected with a drip irrigation pipe 7 arranged on the bench field 4 through a water conveying pipe 8, a dripping film 9 is laid at the top of the salt discharge ditch 2, the dripping film 9 is sunken downwards, the angle is 15-30 degrees, the sunken lowest end of the dripping film 9 corresponds to the position of the fresh water storage pool 3, the dripping film 9 is fixed on the small grooves, and the dripping film 9 is fixed and tensioned; flood-irrigating the terrace 1, washing salt, injecting fresh water into the fresh water storage pool 3, starting a water pump 5 arranged in the fresh water storage pool 3, continuously washing salt in the terrace 1 through a drip irrigation pipe 9, preventing salt from moving upwards, evaporating the salt water collected in the salt discharge ditch 2 through evaporation, collecting the evaporated fresh water on a flow drop film 9 and flowing into the fresh water storage pool 3, and enabling the system to continuously and circularly wash salt and prevent salt from moving upwards; (preferably: in the operation process of the method, enough pure water can be stored in the fresh water reservoir 3, and the water is directly pumped from the fresh water reservoir 3 to flood the terrace 1).
Preferably: the concave part of the drip film 9 is positioned in the middle of the drip film 9.
Preferably: the bottom of the big groove is provided with an electric heating wire for accelerating the evaporation of the salt water.
Preferably: the surface of the terrace 1 is coated with a film (preferably: the ground surface is covered with a black-white color matching mulching film with white middle and black two sides) or covered with straws for preventing the evaporation of water.
The frozen salt washing comprises the following steps: after the air temperature is reduced to the freezing stage in winter, the ice in the shallow pool 10 is scattered on the soil between the triticale and the ryegrass on the terrace 1, and when the air temperature is increased to be more than 0 ℃, the frozen blocks realize salt washing of the heavy saline-alkali soil and separation of water and salt of saline-alkali water.
Preferably: the terrace 1 is provided with a salinity measuring instrument, purchased from Topuyunnan, of the type TZS-EC-I, and used for detecting salinity change of the soil of the terrace 1 and determining when to start the salt washing system.
Preferably: the culture pond is used for polyculturing fishes, shrimps and shellfish, and the fishes are tilapia.
Ququququcai (endive) can be eaten by people, and can also be fed to cattle and sheep.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for severe saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a 'platform field-shallow pool' combined system, wherein ditches are dug at two sides of the platform field, the platform field is a stepped platform field, a shallow pool is arranged in the middle of the ditches, a culture pool is arranged in the shallow pool, salt discharge ditches are arranged at two sides of the shallow pool, a proper platform-pool area ratio is determined according to the saline-alkali condition, the platform-pool is equal in length, and the ratio of the width of the pool to the total width of the platform pool is (the current soil salinity content-the upper limit of the proper salt content of the cultivated crops)/the current soil salinity content;
(2) the planting on the terrace is as follows: performing rotation of koji vegetable and triticale or ryegrass in a high-salt area more than 3 per thousand, planting triticale or ryegrass in winter, planting koji vegetable in summer, and linking the sowing periods; and wheat and corn or wheat and rice are planted in a low-salt area less than 3 per thousand for rotation;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that (1) bench field salt washing is matched with freezing salt washing, a large groove matched with the bench field salt discharge ditch is arranged at the bottom of the bench field salt discharge ditch, a fresh water storage pool is arranged along the length direction of the large groove, stand columns are arranged at two ends of the fresh water storage pool, small grooves are arranged at the top ends of the stand columns, the height of the fresh water storage pool is lower than that of the small grooves, a water pump is arranged in the fresh water storage pool, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with a drip irrigation pipe arranged on the bench field through a water pipe, a dripping film is laid at the top of the bench field, the dripping film is downwards sunken at an angle of 15-30 degrees, the lowest sunken end of the dripping film corresponds to the position of the fresh water storage pool, and the dripping film is fixed on the small groove and is fixed and tensioned;
flood-irrigating the terrace with water for salt washing, injecting fresh water into the fresh water storage pool, starting a water pump arranged in the fresh water storage pool, continuing to wash the terrace with salt through a drip irrigation pipe, preventing salt from moving upwards, evaporating the salt water collected in the salt discharge ditch through evaporation, collecting the evaporated fresh water on a flow drop film and flowing into the fresh water storage pool, so that the system can continuously and circularly wash the salt and prevent the salt from moving upwards;
the frozen salt washing comprises the following steps: after the air temperature is reduced to a freezing stage in winter, the ice in the shallow pool is scattered on the soil between the triticale and the ryegrass on the terrace, and when the air temperature is increased to be more than 0 ℃, the frozen blocks can wash the salt in the heavy saline-alkali soil and separate the water and the salt of the saline-alkali water;
crushing the straws in the step (2), mixing the crushed straws with an organic fertilizer containing humic acid, returning the mixture to the field, sieving the mixture by a four-mesh sieve, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm, carrying out tillage for 35-40cm, and turning the mixture of the straws and the organic fertilizer into the deep part to form a blocking layer;
the surface of the terrace in the step (3) is coated with a film or/and straws to prevent the evaporation of water; the concave position of the dripping film is positioned in the middle of the dripping film.
2. The space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) arranging an electric heating wire at the bottom of the large tank in the step (3) for accelerating the evaporation of the saline water.
3. The space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a salinity measuring instrument is arranged in the terrace, and the time and the times of circulating salt washing are determined according to the salinity measuring value, and whether the electric heating wire is needed for heating is determined.
4. The space-time separation type three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the culture pond is used for polyculture of fish, shrimps and shellfish, and the fish is tilapia.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946573A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2011-01-19 | 北京师范大学 | Method for ameliorating saline and alkaline land |
| CN107114152A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of regional shallow pond Greenhouse System of raised fields of beach salty soil and its application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU471076A1 (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1975-05-25 | Среднеазиатский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства | Ridge method of cotton cultivation |
| JPS62151121A (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-07-06 | 砂研株式会社 | Plant culture method |
| CN103141296A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkaline land sweet potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104067719B (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏东珠景观股份有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil improved system and modification method thereof |
| CN106365900A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Agriculture-fishery mode ecological planting and breeding method with saline-alkaline soil improvement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101946573A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2011-01-19 | 北京师范大学 | Method for ameliorating saline and alkaline land |
| CN107114152A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of regional shallow pond Greenhouse System of raised fields of beach salty soil and its application |
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