CN109666105A - 一种可uv固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可uv固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109666105A
CN109666105A CN201811532168.1A CN201811532168A CN109666105A CN 109666105 A CN109666105 A CN 109666105A CN 201811532168 A CN201811532168 A CN 201811532168A CN 109666105 A CN109666105 A CN 109666105A
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姚伯龙
徐颖聪
谈敏
王伟
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Abstract

一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,属于功能性材料领域。本发明利用一种新的方法来制备水性聚氨酯(WPU)/ATO(锑掺杂氧化锡)涂层,改善纳米粒子的分散性。将C=C键引入到WPU和ATO纳米粒子中,当C=C键参与到UV引发自由基聚合时,PU链和ATO纳米粒子之间形成共价键,以提高ATO在涂层中的分散性来提高涂层隔热性。传统水性聚氨酯树脂所用扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸不易溶于丙酮等易挥发溶剂,需溶解于N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺,不易除去,本发明利用自由基聚合向聚氨酯体系引入羧基,从而解决此困难。合成得到的树脂可用于提高涂料的隔热性,使涂层在可见光区具有高透过性,红外区具有高阻隔性,可广泛用于汽车玻璃、建筑玻璃等具有高隔热要求的表面。

Description

一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明高隔热、可紫外光固化水性聚氨酯涂料的制备,具体涉及一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,属于功能性材料领域。
背景技术
目前大量被使用的聚氨酯以溶剂型为主,但随着人们环保意识的增强和环保法规的确立,传统的溶剂型化学品的挥发性有机化合物( VOC) 和有害空气污 染物( HAP) 的排放愈来愈受到严格限制。制备聚氨酯的水性化技术,以水代替有机溶剂,不仅提高了生产和施工的安全性,避免了有机溶剂的可燃性和毒性,而且能减少或消除聚氨酯固化过程中有机溶剂挥发带来的环境问题。同时,由于水性聚氨酯以水为介质,具有气味小、节能、操作加工方便等优点。
紫外光固化水性树脂继承和发展了传统UV固化技术和水性涂料技术的许多优点,如低成本、低粘度、良好的涂布适应性、设备简单、无毒性、无刺激性、不燃性等。由于UV固化水性树脂的优点突出,近年来得到较快的发展,其产品已被众多领域应用。
建筑节能玻璃可以保证在可见光区(400〜780 nm)的高透明性,阻挡来自红外线(780〜2000 nm)的辐射热,过去几十年来这一特性引起了人们的广泛关注。已有产品包括镀膜玻璃,真空玻璃和低辐射玻璃。尽管这些玻璃都能隔热,但由于它们可见光透射率低、生产成本高,这些产品的商业化仍然很困难。透明隔热涂料的使用则被认为是解决这个问题的有效和经济的方法。这种涂层体系是一种嵌入导电氧化物纳米粒子的聚合物基薄膜。纳米粒子的选择包括锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO),锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO),铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)和氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)。由于ATO纳米粒子的可见光透过率将近70%〜80%,因此普遍选用ATO纳米粒子。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足提供一种利用乙烯基硅氧烷改性ATO,一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法。本发明利用一种新的方法来制备WPU /ATO涂层,改善纳米粒子的分散性。将C=C键引入到WPU和ATO纳米粒子中,当C=C键参与到UV引发自由基聚合时,PU链和ATO纳米粒子之间形成共价键,以提高ATO在涂层中的分散性来提高涂层隔热性。传统水性聚氨酯树脂所用扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)不易溶于丙酮等易挥发溶剂,需溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),不易除去,本发明利用自由基聚合向聚氨酯体系引入羧基,从而解决此困难。
本发明的技术方案是:一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液的制备:将一定量ATO水分散液、甲醇与一定量乙烯基硅氧烷混合加入装有冷凝管、温度计和搅拌棒的100mL三口烧瓶中升温至80℃,热回流12h;之后,将混合物转移至旋转蒸发仪中除去甲醇,得到表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液;
(2)水性聚氨酯隔热涂料的制备:在装有冷凝管、氮气导管、搅拌棒和温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入计量催化剂、二异氰酸酯,通入N2保护,逐步升温至45℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度将计量聚酯二元醇(均匀溶于丙酮)加入体系中,用丙酮调节体系粘度,反应3 h;二正丁胺法滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(为初始含量的1/2),升高温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的扩链剂,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(为初始含量的1/4),用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)对聚合物进行半封端处理,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(为初始含量的1/8),加入计量引发剂,逐步升温至75℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的甲基丙烯酸(MAA),反应6 h,过程中用乙酸乙酯、丙酮和丁酮(控制凝胶)调节体系粘度;降低温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的阻聚剂和活性封端剂对聚合物进行封端处理,反应4 h,用红外光谱检测2270cm-1处-NCO峰完全消失,将反应温度降至20-25℃,加入一定量的三乙胺,高速剪切30min,再加入去离子水,高速剪切乳化60min,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,滴加一定量表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液,得水性聚氨酯隔热涂料。
步骤(1)中所述乙烯基硅氧烷为甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(YDH-171)、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二苯甲酰中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚、对甲氧基苯酚中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述聚酯二元醇为聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇、己二酸聚酯二元醇中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的至少一种;
步骤(2)中所述活性封端剂为丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)中的至少一种。
步骤(2)中所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酷(HMDI)中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果是:通过以上反应,合成得到一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料。该树脂可用于提高涂料的隔热性,使涂层在可见光区具有高透过性,红外区具有高阻隔性,可广泛用于汽车玻璃、建筑玻璃等具有高隔热要求的表面。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将20g ATO水分散液(其中含6gATO)、20g甲醇和0.75g甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)混合加入装有冷凝管、温度计和搅拌棒的100ml三口烧瓶中升温至80℃,热回流12h。之后,将混合物转移至旋转蒸发仪中除去甲醇,得到表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液;
在装有冷凝管、氮气导管、搅拌棒和温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡和8.89g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),通入N2保护,逐步升温至45℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度将16g日本旭化成的聚碳酸酯二醇(溶于15ml丙酮)加入体系中,用丙酮调节体系粘度,反应3 h;二正丁胺法滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(-NCO含量为初始含量的1/2),升高温度至65 ℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.90g 1,4-丁二醇,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(-NCO含量为初始含量的1/4),用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入1.30g的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)对聚合物进行半封端处理,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值(-NCO含量为初始含量的1/8),加入0.03g偶氮二异丁腈,逐步升温至75℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.86g甲基丙烯酸(MAA),反应6 h,过程中用乙酸乙酯、丙酮和丁酮(控制凝胶)调节体系粘度;降低温度至65 ℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.01g对甲氧基苯酚和2.98g季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)对聚合物进行封端处理,反应4 h,用红外光谱检测2270cm-1处-NCO峰完全消失,将反应温度降至25℃,加入1.01g的三乙胺,高速剪切30min,再加入60g去离子水,高速剪切乳化60min,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,滴加9g表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液,即得可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料。

Claims (10)

1.一种可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液的制备:将一定量ATO水分散液、甲醇与一定量乙烯基硅氧烷混合加入装有冷凝管、温度计和搅拌棒的100mL三口烧瓶中升温至80℃,热回流12h;之后,将混合物转移至旋转蒸发仪中除去甲醇,得到表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液;
(2)水性聚氨酯隔热涂料的制备:在装有冷凝管、氮气导管、搅拌棒和温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入计量催化剂、二异氰酸酯,通入N2保护,逐步升温至45℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度将均匀溶于丙酮的计量聚酯二元醇加入体系中,用丙酮调节体系粘度,反应3h;二正丁胺法滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/2,升高温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的扩链剂,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/4,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯HEMA对聚合物进行半封端处理,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/8,加入计量引发剂,逐步升温至75℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的甲基丙烯酸MAA,反应6h,过程中用乙酸乙酯、丙酮和丁酮控制凝胶调节体系粘度;降低温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入计量的阻聚剂和活性封端剂对聚合物进行封端处理,反应4 h,用红外光谱检测2270 cm-1处-NCO峰完全消失,将反应温度降至20-25℃,加入一定量的三乙胺,高速剪切30min,再加入去离子水,高速剪切乳化60min,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,滴加一定量表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液,得水性聚氨酯隔热涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述乙烯基硅氧烷为甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷KH570、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷YDH-171、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷A-151中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二苯甲酰中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚、对甲氧基苯酚中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述聚酯二元醇为聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇、己二酸聚酯二元醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述活性封端剂为丙烯酸羟乙酯HEA、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯HEMA、丙烯酸羟丙酯HPA、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯HPMA、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯PETA中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、1,6-己二异氰酸酯HDI、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酷HMDI中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述可UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液的制备:将20g ATO水分散液,其中含6gATO、20g甲醇和0.75g甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷KH570混合加入装有冷凝管、温度计和搅拌棒的100mL三口烧瓶中升温至80℃,热回流12h;之后,将混合物转移至旋转蒸发仪中除去甲醇,得到表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液;
(2)水性聚氨酯隔热涂料的制备:在装有冷凝管、氮气导管、搅拌棒和温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入0.05g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂和8.89g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI,通入N2保护,逐步升温至45℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度将溶于15mL丙酮的16g聚碳酸酯二醇加入体系中,用丙酮调节体系粘度,反应3 h;二正丁胺法滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/2,升高温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.90g 1,4-丁二醇扩链剂,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/4,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入1.30g的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯HEMA对聚合物进行半封端处理,反应3 h;滴定体系中游离-NCO的含量,当-NCO含量达到理论值,-NCO含量为初始含量的1/8,加入0.03g偶氮二异丁腈引发剂,逐步升温至75℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.86g甲基丙烯酸MAA,反应6h,过程中用乙酸乙酯、丙酮和丁酮控制凝胶调节体系粘度;降低温度至65℃,用分液漏斗以2-3秒/滴的速度加入0.01g对甲氧基苯酚阻聚剂和2.98g季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯PETA活性封端剂对聚合物进行封端处理,反应4 h,用红外光谱检测2270 cm-1处-NCO峰完全消失,将反应温度降至25℃,加入1.01g的三乙胺,高速剪切30min,再加入60g去离子水,高速剪切乳化60min,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,滴加9g表面乙烯基改性ATO水分散液,即得到UV固化水性聚氨酯高隔热涂料。
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