CN109655973B - 2 x 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable light splitting ratio - Google Patents
2 x 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable light splitting ratio Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004033 diameter control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
- G02B6/3504—Rotating, tilting or pivoting the waveguides, or with the waveguides describing a curved path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3536—Optical coupling means having switching means involving evanescent coupling variation, e.g. by a moving element such as a membrane which changes the effective refractive index
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio, which comprises a straight-through optical fiber and a coupling optical fiber, wherein the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are micro-nano optical fibers, the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are the same, the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are parallel to each other, the two ends of the straight-through optical fiber are aligned, an unstretched part of one end of the coupling optical fiber is fixed with the straight-through optical fiber through an optical fiber fixing piece, the unstretched part of the other end of the coupling optical fiber is fixed with the straight-through optical fiber through an optical fiber rotator, and the optical fiber rotator can rotate to enable the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber to be spirally wound together so as to adjust the coupling length. The directional coupler has adjustable spectral ratio, the adjusting range can be from 0 to 100 percent, and the manufacturing process is simple and efficient and has low cost. In addition, the directional coupler can select single-mode fibers corresponding to ultraviolet to infrared wave bands according to requirements, and the single-mode fibers of the raw materials can be selected to be various in types and can support a wide working wavelength range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-mode fiber directional coupler, in particular to a 2×2 single-mode fiber directional coupler.
Background
The directional coupler is one optical device to realize the distribution or combination of optical signal power among different optical fibers, and may be used in optical signal branching/combining or extending optical fiber link. Of these, 2×2 single mode fiber directional couplers are typical and most widely used. The four-port component is formed by combining a through optical fiber and a coupling optical fiber. The development work of a 2 x 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler is very important, the performance of the coupler directly influences the performance and application range of an optical fiber transmission system, and the coupler with the continuously adjustable spectral ratio has special application in detection and control systems. At present, most 2×2 single-mode fiber directional couplers only support narrow-band 2×2 single-mode fiber directional couplers with specific center wavelengths of fixed spectral ratios, and do not have the flexibility of adjustment. In addition, 2×2 single-mode fiber directional couplers with continuously adjustable spectral ratios are commonly manufactured by mechanical means such as polishing and grinding, and optical fiber directional couplers are also manufactured by changing the surface structure of an optical fiber. The methods are troublesome in actual operation, high in cost and not easy to repeat in light splitting ratio; for input light sources with different wavelengths, mechanical treatment processes such as polishing, grinding and the like are required to be repeated, high-precision machining is required, and the precision of controlling the diameter of the prepared optical fiber is very high. There are also reports of changing the spectral ratio of the coupler by changing the index matching fluid around the coupler; the magnetic fluid coated on the surface of the photonic crystal fiber is adjusted by controlling the size of the magnetic field to adjust the split ratio of the fiber coupler. Above, the operation is not only troublesome, with high costs, and is required highly to the optic fibre kind, and the beam split is adjusted indirectly moreover, and the environmental dependence is too strong.
The optical fiber is used as a carrier for information transmission, and the development of the optical fiber optical communication field can be greatly promoted by realizing signal transmission and modulation on a single-mode optical fiber directional coupler with a specific size. Therefore, the 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler which is simple and efficient in preparation process, simple in light splitting ratio adjustment operation, continuously adjustable, multiple in single-mode fiber types and wide in wavelength range and is applicable to the preparation method is researched, and has a certain value and important significance in the research field related to the single-mode fiber directional coupler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio, which comprises a straight-through optical fiber and a coupling optical fiber, wherein the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are micro-nano optical fibers, the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are identical, the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are parallel to each other, the two ends of the straight-through optical fiber are aligned, an unstretched part of one end of the coupling optical fiber is fixed with the straight-through optical fiber through an optical fiber fixing piece, the unstretched part of the other end of the coupling optical fiber is fixed with the straight-through optical fiber through an optical fiber rotator, and the optical fiber rotator can rotate to enable the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber to be spirally wound together so as to adjust the coupling length.
Further, the diameter of the middle waist section of the through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber is 200 nm-3 um.
Further, the length of the middle waist section of the through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber is 0.1mm-10 cm.
Further, the optical fiber rotator is a manual or electric driving rotary adjusting frame.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler has continuously adjustable spectral ratio, the adjusting range can be from 0 to 100 percent, and the polarization insensitivity is realized.
(2) The 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler has low requirement on the diameter control precision of the prepared micro-nano fiber, greatly reduces the difficulty of processing and preparing the micro-nano fiber raw materials, and improves the preparation efficiency of the coupler.
(3) The 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler is simple and efficient to prepare, the adjusting device is simple, and the light splitting ratio can be directly adjusted.
(4) The invention can improve the accuracy of the adjustment of the beam splitting ratio by controlling the rotation accuracy of the optical fiber rotator so as to meet the special requirement of high-accuracy adjustment.
(5) The single-mode fiber applicable to the preparation method has multiple types and wide wavelength range, and can widen the application field of the single-mode fiber directional coupler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an initial structure of a single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical fiber directional coupler with the optical split ratio being continuously adjustable after the optical fiber directional coupler rotates by 4 degrees;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the coupling characteristic test of the single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-through optical fiber, 2-coupling optical fiber, 31-through optical fiber and one end un-stretched portion of coupling optical fiber, 32-through optical fiber and the other end un-stretched portion of coupling optical fiber, 4 optical fiber fixing piece, -5-optical fiber rotator, 6-middle waist section, 61-middle waist section left end, 62-middle waist section right end, 7-test light source, 8-optical power detector, input end of P1-through optical fiber, input end of P2-coupling optical fiber, output end of P3-coupling optical fiber 2, output end of P4-through optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the 2×2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to the present invention includes a pass-through fiber 1 and a coupling fiber 2, wherein the pass-through fiber 1 refers to a fiber to which transmitted light is directly connected by a light source, and the coupling fiber 2 refers to a fiber to which the transmitted light is coupled from the pass-through fiber.
As shown in fig. 1, the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are micro-nano optical fibers, and have the same middle waist section 6, and the middle waist sections 6 of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are parallel to each other and the two ends of the middle waist sections of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are aligned. When the two micro-nano optical fibers, namely the straight-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2, are prepared together, so that the straight-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 with the same middle waist section 6 can be obtained easily, and the straight-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 can be straightened after the preparation, so that the middle waist sections 6 of the straight-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are parallel to each other and the two ends of the middle waist section 6 of the straight-through optical fiber and the coupling optical fiber are aligned. As shown in fig. 1, the intermediate waist sections 6 of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 are identical, meaning that the diameter and length of the intermediate waist sections 6 are the same. The one end unstretched part 31 of the coupling optical fiber 2 is fixed with the through optical fiber 1 by the optical fiber fixing member 4, the other end unstretched part 32 of the coupling optical fiber 2 is fixed with the through optical fiber 1 by the optical fiber rotator 5, and both ends of the middle waist section 6 of the coupling optical fiber 2 of the through optical fiber 1 are aligned with each other. The alignment of the ends of the intermediate waist section 6 of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 means that the left end 61 of the intermediate waist section 6 of the pass-through fiber 1 is aligned with the left end 61 of the intermediate waist section of the coupling fiber 2, while the right end 62 of the intermediate waist section 6 of the pass-through fiber 1 is aligned with the right end 62 of the intermediate waist section of the coupling fiber 2. The fiber rotator 5 can be rotated to begin the spiral winding of the intermediate waist sections of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 together to adjust the coupling length. The intermediate waist sections 6 of the pass-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are spirally wound together to form a coupling waist region.
The coupling length of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 directly affects the intensity of the evanescent wave coupling of the coupling waist region of the through optical fiber 1 to the coupling waist region of the coupling optical fiber 2, so that the intermediate waist sections of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are spirally wound by rotating the optical fiber rotator 5, thereby adjusting the coupling length, and realizing the continuously adjustable spectroscopic ratio of the 2×2 single-mode optical fiber directional coupler.
The invention can adopt common commercial 1550nm single-mode fiber as the preparation raw material of the straight-through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2. The method comprises the steps of stripping the coating layer of the middle part of two single-mode fibers to be about 1.5cm long, scrubbing the bare optical fibers stripped by using an alcohol reagent, fixing the two bare optical fibers on an optical fiber tapering system by a two-point pressing method (namely, two pairs of magnetic pressure pads are used as optical fiber clamps at two ends of the micro-nano optical fibers), setting parameters of the tapering system, and simultaneously carrying out fusion tapering on the two optical fibers, thereby obtaining the two micro-nano optical fibers with the middle waist section diameter of 1um, the same length, high size uniformity and good surface morphology uniformity after preparation, wherein one of the two micro-nano optical fibers is directly connected with a monitoring light source and is a straight-through optical fiber 1, and the other is a coupling optical fiber 2. Then, a pair of fiber clamps farther from the micro-nano optical fiber is removed, the straightened through optical fiber 1 and the unstretched part 31 at one end of the coupling optical fiber 2 are fixed together by using a fixing adhesive, and the other unstretched parts 32 at the other ends of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are also fixed by using an ultraviolet curing adhesive. The second pair of fiber clamps adjacent to the micro-nano fibers is then removed, the one end un-stretched portion 31 of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 is integrally fixed to the fiber fixing member 4, and finally the other end un-stretched portion 32 of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 is integrally fixed to the fiber rotator 5 (as shown in fig. 1).
The optical fiber rotator 5 is fixed on the optical element with adjustable three dimensions, so that the optical fiber rotator 5 can efficiently and conveniently adjust the three-dimensional position of the space. In addition, since the optical fiber rotator 5 has an angle measuring function, when it is fixed with the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2, the rotation of the optical fiber rotator 5 drives the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 to followThe coupling length of the intermediate waist section 6 of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 is correspondingly changed by rotation, so that the numerical value of the coupler splitting ratio can be obtained. After the 2×2 single-mode fiber directional coupler of the present invention is prepared, as shown in fig. 3, the input end P of the straight-through fiber 1 1 Connected with 1550nm laser (i.e. test light source 7), the output end P of the straight-through optical fiber 1 4 And an output end P of the coupling fiber 2 3 Respectively connected to the optical power detectors 8. Before the intermediate waist section 6 of the pass-through fiber 1 and the coupling fiber 2 is helically wound, the output end P of the pass-through fiber 1 is recorded 4 The optical Power intensity value Power of (2) 1 (t); on the premise of ensuring that the micro-nano optical fiber is not broken, the angle of the optical fiber rotator 5 is slowly and continuously rotated to 4 degrees (as shown in fig. 2), so that the output end P of the straight-through optical fiber 1 which is monitored and recorded in real time is obtained 4 The optical Power intensity value Power of (2) 4 (t) and the output end P of the coupling fiber 2 3 The optical Power intensity value Power of (2) 3 (t). The optical fiber rotator 5 is continuously rotated until a complete period occurs, and the Power is substantially satisfied at the same time in one period 1 (t)＝Power 3 (t)+Power 4 In the (t) process, the coupling regulation and control of the 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler can be realized; when the Power is basically satisfied 1 (t)＝Power 4 (t) and Power 3 When (t) =0 or Power 1 (t)＝Power 3 (t) and Power 4 (t) =0, indicating that the coupling spectral ratio of the 2×2 single mode fiber directional coupler of the present invention can be adjusted by 0-100%. Meanwhile, in the process of rotating the optical fiber rotator 5, according to the angle change period corresponding to the power change period of the coupling optical fiber 2 or the through optical fiber 1, the angle period of the split ratio adjustment of the single-mode optical fiber directional coupler can be obtained, and the quantitative control of the split ratio is realized. The invention also shows that the 2X 2 single-mode fiber directional coupler has lower extra introducing loss due to good manufacturing process, and the accuracy of the adjustment of the beam splitting ratio can be improved through the rotation accuracy control of the optical fiber rotator 5 so as to meet the actual working requirement. And because the input light source is a 1550nm single-wavelength laser light source, the single-mode fiber directional coupler can be applied to an optical communication wave band.
The raw material fibers of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 can select single-mode optical fibers with corresponding wavelengths and single-mode optical fibers according to actual requirements.
If the diameters of the intermediate waist sections 6 of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are selected within the range of 200 nm-3 um, the coupler can be generally applied to the application of the coupler as an input light source in the range of the wave bands from deep ultraviolet to near infrared. And the diameter of the micro-nano optical fiber (the diameter is in the range of 200 nm-3 um) meeting the single-mode transmission condition is prepared by taking the wavelength of a light source actually input in a wave band from deep ultraviolet to near infrared as a reference, so that the influence of multiple transmission modes on the adjustment of the spectral ratio of the coupler can be avoided.
In the invention, the lengths of the middle waist sections of the through optical fiber 1 and the coupling optical fiber 2 are selected within the range of 0.1mm-10cm, so that the coupler can generally meet the application of the coupler in different test requirements and different preparation fields.
The optical fiber rotator 5 adopts an electric driving rotary adjusting frame to improve the adjusting uniformity of the 2X 2 single-mode optical fiber directional coupler; the optical fiber rotator 5 can realize the adjustment flexibility of the 2×2 single-mode optical fiber directional coupler by adopting a manual rotation adjusting frame.
Claims (5)
1. A 2 x 2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio, characterized in that: the fiber coupling device comprises a straight-through fiber and a coupling fiber, wherein the straight-through fiber (1) and the coupling fiber (2) are micro-nano fibers, the middle waist sections of the straight-through fiber (1) and the coupling fiber (2) are identical, the middle waist sections of the straight-through fiber (1) and the coupling fiber (2) are parallel to each other, the two ends of the middle waist sections of the coupling fiber are aligned, an unstretched part (31) at one end of the coupling fiber (2) is fixed with the straight-through fiber (1) through a fiber fixing piece (4), an unstretched part (32) at the other end of the coupling fiber (2) is fixed with the straight-through fiber (1) through a fiber rotator (5), and the fiber rotator (5) can rotate to enable the middle waist sections of the straight-through fiber (1) and the coupling fiber (2) to be spirally wound together so as to adjust the coupling length;
when the optical fiber rotator (5) continuously rotates until a complete period appears, and the Power is satisfied at the same time in one period 1 (t)＝Power 3 (t)+Power 4 Coupling modulation at (t)Controlling; when Power is satisfied 1 (t)＝Power 4 (t) and Power 3 (t) =0, or Power 1 (t)＝Power 3 (t) and Power 4 When (t) =0, the adjusting range of the coupling spectral ratio is 0-100%;
wherein Power is a Power 1 (t) is the optical power intensity value of the output end of the pass-through fiber before the intermediate waist section of the pass-through fiber and the coupling fiber is spirally wound; power 4 (t) is the real-time optical power intensity value of the output end of the straight-through optical fiber after the optical fiber rotator rotates; power 3 (t) after the optical fiber rotator rotates, the output end P of the coupling optical fiber 3 Is provided.
2. The 2 x 2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber (1) and the coupling optical fiber (2) are 200 nm-3 um.
3. The 2 x 2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the lengths of the middle waist sections of the straight-through optical fiber (1) and the coupling optical fiber (2) are 0.1mm-10 cm.
4. The 2 x 2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the optical fiber rotator (5) is a manual or electric driving rotary adjusting frame.
5. A 2 x 2 single mode fiber directional coupler with continuously adjustable spectral ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: the optical fiber rotator (5) is a manual or electric driving rotary adjusting frame.
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| CN111650693B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江大学 | 3X 3 single-mode micro-nano optical fiber coupler with controllable beam splitting ratio and continuous adjustable |
| CN115113339B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-13 | 浙江大学湖州研究院 | Polarization-independent low-loss optical switch |
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| JPH01128012A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-19 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Production of optical fiber coupler |
| US5764830A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-06-09 | E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. | 1×N and N×N fiber optic couplers |
| US5883992A (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1999-03-16 | Framatome Connectors Canada Inc. | Method for making optical waveguide couplers with low wavelength sensitivity and couplers thereby produced |
| CN1890589A (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-01-03 | 大崎电气工业株式会社 | Optical fiber coupler and process and device for producing the same |
| CN101324683A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-17 | 中山大学 | Method for preparing polymer nanometer optical waveguide coupling beam divider |
| CN108333144A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of self-reference micron plastic optical fiber liquid refractive index sensor of coupled structure |
| CN209327612U (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-08-30 | 浙江大学 | A kind of 2 × 2 single mode optical fiber directional couplers that splitting ratio is continuously adjustable |
-
2019
- 2019-01-07 CN CN201910013221.5A patent/CN109655973B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01128012A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-19 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Production of optical fiber coupler |
| US5883992A (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1999-03-16 | Framatome Connectors Canada Inc. | Method for making optical waveguide couplers with low wavelength sensitivity and couplers thereby produced |
| US5764830A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-06-09 | E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. | 1×N and N×N fiber optic couplers |
| CN1890589A (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-01-03 | 大崎电气工业株式会社 | Optical fiber coupler and process and device for producing the same |
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