CN112180514B - Optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and regulating and controlling method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and regulating and controlling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180514B CN112180514B CN202011073050.4A CN202011073050A CN112180514B CN 112180514 B CN112180514 B CN 112180514B CN 202011073050 A CN202011073050 A CN 202011073050A CN 112180514 B CN112180514 B CN 112180514B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
- G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof, wherein the device comprises a light source input module, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module and an output module; the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module comprises an optical fiber, a metal film coated on the surface of the optical fiber and a surface dielectric film coated on the surface of the metal film; in the working wavelength range of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module, the real part of the refractive index of the metal film is smaller than the imaginary part of the metal film, and the real part of the refractive index of the surface dielectric film is higher than the refractive index of the optical fiber cladding; the thickness of the metal film and the thickness of the surface dielectric film are regulated, so that the waveguide mode of the surface of the optical fiber can be excited in a wide wave band. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device provided by the invention has the advantages of all-fiber structure, high efficiency, wide regulation and control range, small size, easiness in integration, easiness in manufacturing and the like, and can be widely applied to various fields such as high-sensitivity optical sensing, super-resolution imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, polarization optical devices and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof.
Background
The optical surface wave is an electromagnetic eigen mode locally at the surface interfaces of materials such as metal, medium, super-surface structure and the like, and has the singular optical properties such as sub-wavelength resolution, local near field enhancement and the like. The related research of the optical surface wave is a research hot spot in the micro-nano photonics field, and has important application prospect in the aspects of enhancing optical transmission, super-resolution imaging, sub-wavelength optical communication, enhancing optical absorption, chemical/biological sensing, polarization function devices and the like.
Depending on the differences in properties of the surface materials, the optical surface waves widely reported at present mainly include four types: surface plasmons, loss modes, bloch surface waves, and surface waveguide modes. Surface plasmons are the most interesting optical surface waves that can be excited on a medium-noble metal surface by P-polarized light (the direction of electric field vibration is parallel to the plane of incidence). Although surface plasmons have wide application, ohmic loss of a metal material can lead to line width broadening of resonance peaks of the surface plasmons and reduce evanescent fields of the resonance peaks, and meanwhile, surface plasmon devices face the limitations of single function, poor regulation performance and the like. The loss mode exists in a high refractive index dielectric material with higher refractive index than the substrate, such as high refractive index metal oxide, polymer material and the like, and can excite loss mode resonance through P polarized light or S polarized light (the vibration direction of an electric field is perpendicular to the incident plane). In recent years, a high refractive index dielectric thin film is coated on the surface of an optical fiber so that excitation loss mode resonance exhibits ultrahigh refractive index sensing sensitivity. However, in order to reduce the bandwidth of the fiber loss mode, a side-polished single-mode fiber needs to be used, which severely reduces the mechanical strength and stability of the entire structure. The bloch surface wave is a non-radiative optical surface wave that can be excited by P-polarized light and S-polarized light on a micro-nanostructured surface of a periodic dielectric film having a photonic band gap. The bloch surface wave has evanescent field distribution of a surface plasmon type, but has the characteristics of lower loss, longer transmission distance, narrower resonance peak and the like. However, the excitation of the Bluoch surface wave requires a complex multilayer periodic dielectric mode and a surface microstructure, and has high requirements on the preparation process. The surface waveguide mode is generated on the surface of the metal-medium composite structure, and the main energy of the surface waveguide mode is distributed in a medium with high refractive index on the surface, and meanwhile, the surface waveguide mode has stronger evanescent field distribution in the external environment of the medium. The surface guided mode can be excited by both P-polarized and S-polarized light, and has many excellent characteristics. However, the surface waveguide mode devices reported at present are all based on the traditional plate prism coupling structure, and the structure not only needs a plurality of different types of optical devices, but also has the problems of large system size, low efficiency, poor regulation and control performance, difficult integration and the like, and has very high requirement on the stability of the whole light path, thereby greatly limiting the practical application of the surface waveguide mode resonance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provides an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device comprises a light source input module and an output module, wherein an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module is arranged between the light source input module and the output module;
the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module comprises an optical fiber, a metal film coated on the surface of the optical fiber and a surface dielectric film coated on the surface of the metal film; in the working wavelength range of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module, the real part of the refractive index of the metal film is smaller than the imaginary part of the metal film; the real part of the refractive index of the surface dielectric film is higher than that of the optical fiber cladding.
The optical fiber is one of an inclined optical fiber grating, a long-period optical fiber grating, a multimode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber, a side polished or D-shaped optical fiber and a micro-nano optical fiber.
The light source input module, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module and the output module are sequentially connected through optical fiber jumpers.
When the optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber or an optical fiber device based on the single-mode optical fiber, the optical fiber jumper is a single-mode optical fiber jumper; when the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber or an optical fiber device based on the multimode optical fiber, the optical fiber jumper is a multimode optical fiber jumper; when the optical fiber is other types of optical fibers, the optical fiber jumper is a single mode optical fiber jumper.
The light source input module is formed by sequentially connecting a broadband light source, an optical fiber jumper, a polarizer and a polarization controller, wherein: the polarizer is used for generating linearly polarized light, the polarization controller is used for outputting P polarized light or S polarized light, the P polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode or S polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode is excited in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module correspondingly, and the polarizer and the polarization controller can be omitted in certain specific application fields.
The output module comprises a transmission spectrum change monitoring assembly formed by an optical fiber jumper and a spectrum analyzer.
The output module comprises an output power change monitoring component composed of an optical fiber jumper and an optical power meter.
The output module comprises two monitoring schemes, namely a transmission spectrum change monitoring component formed by an optical fiber jumper and a spectrum analyzer, and an output power change monitoring component formed by an optical fiber jumper and an optical power meter, wherein the two monitoring schemes are connected with the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module through a 3dB coupler.
The regulation and control method of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device comprises the following steps: the thickness of the metal film can be changed to regulate the mode transition and mode transition phenomena of the optical fiber mode, and/or the thickness of the surface dielectric film can be changed to regulate the excitation wavelength and the excitation intensity of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and the regulating and controlling method thereof are characterized in that an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module is of an optical fiber-metal film-surface dielectric film structure which is easy to process and prepare, and the P-polarization and S-polarization optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance with adjustable height can be excited in an air and liquid environment based on the mode transition and mode transition principle by changing the thicknesses of the metal film and the surface dielectric film.
(2) Compared with other optical surface waves, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and the regulating and controlling method thereof have a plurality of excellent characteristics, such as longer propagation distance (compared with surface plasmons), simpler excitation structure (compared with Bluoch surface waves), narrower resonance peak bandwidth (compared with loss modes) and the like, and have higher sensing sensitivity than the traditional method.
(3) The invention relates to a device for generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance and a regulating method thereof, wherein the optical fiber type comprises various optical fiber devices such as inclined optical fiber gratings, long-period optical fiber gratings, multimode optical fibers, coreless optical fibers, side polishing or D-type optical fibers, micro-nano optical fibers and the like, and the device belongs to all-optical fiber devices, has small volume and is easy to integrate and apply with optical equipment and an optical communication system.
(4) The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and the regulating method thereof can be used for exciting an optical fiber surface waveguide mode by various metal films and surface dielectric film materials, wherein typical metal materials comprise gold, silver, copper, titanium, chromium and other materials, the surface dielectric film materials are nonmetal materials, oxide materials, polymer materials and semiconductor materials with high refractive indexes, typical materials are materials such as silicon, titanium dioxide, oxyin tin, tin dioxide, PAH/PAA polymers and the like, the material selection range is wide, and the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device has wide application prospects in the fields of high-sensitivity optical sensing, super-resolution imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, polarization optical devices and the like.
The device provided by the invention has the advantages of all-fiber structure, high efficiency, wide regulation range, small size, easiness in integration and manufacture and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of high-sensitivity optical sensing, super-resolution imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, polarization optical devices and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that it is within the scope of the invention to one skilled in the art to obtain other drawings from these drawings without inventive faculty.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating method thereof;
FIG. 2 light source input module;
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a fiber surface waveguide mode generation module (side view);
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a fiber surface waveguide mode generation module (cross-sectional view);
FIG. 4 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on an inclined fiber grating;
FIG. 5 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on a long period fiber grating;
FIG. 6 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on a multimode fiber;
FIG. 7 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on a coreless fiber;
FIG. 8 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on side polishing or D-fiber;
FIG. 9 excites a fiber surface waveguide mode based on micro-nano fibers;
fig. 10A output detection module: monitoring the output spectral variation;
fig. 10B output detection module: monitoring the output power variation;
FIG. 11 law of variation of real and imaginary parts of effective refractive index of cladding mode with surface dielectric film thickness: the method comprises the steps of (a) changing rules of a real part and an imaginary part of an effective refractive index, (b) changing rules of an effective refractive index imaginary part, and (c) changing rules of the real part and the imaginary part of the effective refractive index of partial modes;
FIG. 12 excites fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (liquid environment) based on tilted fiber gratings;
FIG. 13 excites fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (gas environment) based on tilted fiber gratings;
fig. 14 is a spectrum change rule based on inclined fiber bragg grating excitation fiber surface waveguide mode resonance: (a) Jin Houdu 45nm, tiO 2 Thickness 22nm, (b) Jin Houdu nm, tiO 2 Thickness 22.5nm, (c) Jin Houdu nm, tiO 2 197nm thick, (d) Jin Houdu nm thick, tiO 2 The thickness is 204nm, the refractive index of the external environment is increased from 1.315 to 1.325, and each time, the refractive index is increased by 0.002;
fig. 15 is a diagram of sensing characteristics based on inclined fiber grating excitation fiber surface waveguide mode resonance: (a) P polarization, (b) S polarization;
fig. 16 is a spectral characteristic based on long period fiber grating excitation fiber surface waveguide mode resonance: (a) a change relation between a grating period and a resonance wavelength, (b) a transmission spectrum when the grating period is 257mm, (c) a transmission spectrum when the grating period is 225mm, (d) a transmission spectrum when the grating period is 198mm, and (e) a transmission spectrum when the grating period is 175 mm;
fig. 17 is a diagram of sensing characteristics based on long period fiber grating excitation fiber surface waveguide mode resonance: (a) grating period 257mm, (b) grating period 225mm, (c) grating period 198mm, and (d) grating period 175mm (only consider SWR at long wavelengths).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The terms of direction and position in the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", "side", etc., refer only to the direction or position of the drawing. Accordingly, directional and positional terms are used to illustrate and understand the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a light source input module 100, an optical fiber jumper 120, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 and an output detecting module 300;
the light source input module 100 is connected to the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 through the optical fiber jumper 120;
the fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 is connected to an output detection module 300 by the fiber jumper 120.
Further, the type of the optical fiber jumper 120 is determined according to the type of the optical fiber 210 in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200, that is, when the optical fiber 210 is a single-mode optical fiber or a single-mode optical fiber-based optical fiber device, the optical fiber jumper 120 is a single-mode optical fiber jumper, when the optical fiber 210 is a multimode optical fiber or a multimode optical fiber-based optical fiber device, the optical fiber jumper 120 is a multimode optical fiber jumper, and when the optical fiber 210 is another type of optical fiber, the optical fiber jumper 120 is a single-mode optical fiber jumper.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the light source input module 100 is formed by sequentially connecting a broadband light source 110, an optical fiber jumper 120, a polarizer 130, and a polarization controller 140, wherein the polarizer 130 is used for generating linearly polarized light, the polarization controller 140 is used for outputting P polarized (P-pol) light or S polarized (S-pol) light, and the polarizer 130 and the polarization controller 140 can be omitted for an application field requiring no polarized light, i.e., input unpolarized light.
Further, as shown in fig. 3A, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 is composed of an optical fiber 210, a metal film 220, and a surface dielectric film 230, wherein the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230 are sequentially coated on the surface of the optical fiber 210, so as to excite different types of optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250, and the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 is placed in an external environment 240;
further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the optical fiber 210 is composed of a core 210-1 and a cladding 210-2, and for some application fields, the core 210-1 may be removed, i.e., a coreless optical fiber is formed;
further, when the light source input module 100 outputs P polarized light, the P polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250-P is excited in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200, the polarization direction thereof is along the radial direction of the optical fiber, when the light source input module outputs S polarized light, the S polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250-S is excited in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200, the polarization direction thereof is along the angular direction of the optical fiber, and the excited optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250 has a stronger evanescent field distribution;
further, in the operating wavelength range of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200, the real part of the refractive index of the metal film 220 is smaller than the imaginary part (taking absolute value), and typical materials include gold, silver, copper, titanium, chromium and other materials;
further, in the operating wavelength range of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200, the surface dielectric film 230 is a high refractive index material, that is, the real part of the refractive index is higher than that of the optical fiber cladding 210-2, including a non-metallic material, an oxide material, a polymer material, a semiconductor material, and typical materials are silicon, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, tin dioxide, PAH/PAA polymer, and the like;
further, the external environment 240 is a gas environment or a liquid environment.
Further, according to the specific application field, the optical fiber 210 in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 includes an inclined optical fiber grating, a long period optical fiber grating, a multimode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber, a side polished or D-type optical fiber, and a micro-nano optical fiber;
further, as shown in fig. 4, when the optical fiber 210 is an inclined optical fiber grating, the grating axial period is Λ, the grating inclination angle is θ, the P-polarized light or S-polarized light output from the light source input module 100 is input into the core 210-1 of the inclined optical fiber grating 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and tens to hundreds of cladding modes 270 propagating in opposite directions are excited in the inclined optical fiber grating 260 region, wherein a portion of the cladding modes 270 satisfying the wave mismatch condition further excite different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peaks in the output end transmission spectrum.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, when the optical fiber 210 is a long period fiber grating, the grating axial period is Λ, the P-polarized light or S-polarized light or non-polarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the core 210-1 of the long period fiber grating 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and multiple co-propagating cladding modes 270 are excited in the grating 260 region, wherein a part of the cladding modes 270 satisfying the wave mismatch condition further excite different types of the fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, so as to generate the fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peak in the output transmission spectrum.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, when the optical fiber 210 is a multimode optical fiber, the cladding 210-2 of a partial region of the multimode optical fiber 210 is removed by chemical etching or physical polishing, etc., the P-polarized light or S-polarized light or non-polarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the core 210-1 of the multimode optical fiber 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and tens to hundreds of core modes 260 are excited, wherein a portion of the core modes 260 satisfying the wave mismatch condition further excite different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peaks in the output transmission spectrum.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, when the optical fiber 210 is a coreless optical fiber, P-polarized light or S-polarized light or unpolarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the cladding 210-2 of the coreless optical fiber 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and tens to hundreds of modes 260 are excited, wherein a part of the modes 260 satisfying the wave mismatch condition further excite different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film composed of the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peaks in the output transmission spectrum.
Further, as shown in fig. 8, when the optical fiber 210 is a side polished or D-type optical fiber, the P-polarized light or S-polarized light or non-polarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the core 210-1 of the side polished or D-type optical fiber 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and excites the core mode 260, and when the wave mismatch condition is satisfied, the core mode 260 further excites different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peak in the output transmission spectrum.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, when the optical fiber 210 is a micro-nano optical fiber, P-polarized light or S-polarized light or unpolarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the core 210-1 of the micro-nano optical fiber 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and excites the core mode 260, and when the wave mismatch condition is satisfied, the core mode 260 further excites different types of optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in a composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance peak in an output end transmission spectrum.
Further, the output detection module 300 includes two schemes, as shown in fig. 10A, in which one scheme is composed of the optical fiber jumper 120, the spectrum analyzer 310 and the computer 320, for monitoring the transmission spectrum change, the computer 320 may be omitted for some application fields, and in which, as shown in fig. 10B, the second scheme is composed of the optical fiber jumper 120, the optical power meter 330, the a/D converter 340 and the computer 320, for monitoring the output power change, and in which, for some application fields, the a/D converter 340 and the computer 320 may be omitted, and the two schemes may be used alone or two output monitoring schemes may be used simultaneously after adding a 3dB coupler at the rear end of the optical fiber jumper 120.
The following examples are given to further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a light source input module 100, an optical fiber jumper 120, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 and an output detecting module 300;
the light source input module 100 is connected to the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 through the optical fiber jumper 120;
the fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 is connected to an output detection module 300 by the fiber jumper 120.
In this embodiment, the optical fiber jumper 120 is a single-mode optical fiber jumper;
in this embodiment, the light source input module 100 is formed by sequentially connecting a broadband light source 110, an optical fiber jumper 120, a polarizer 130, and a polarization controller 140, as shown in fig. 2, where the polarizer 130 is configured to generate linearly polarized light, and the polarization controller 140 is configured to output P-polarized (P-pol) light or S-polarized (S-pol) light;
in this embodiment, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 is composed of an inclined optical fiber grating 210, a metal film 220, a surface dielectric film 230 and an external environment 240, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the inclined optical fiber grating 210 is inscribed in a fiber core 210-1 of a single mode optical fiber, the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230 are sequentially coated on the surface of the optical fiber 210, the P polarized light or S polarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the fiber core 210-1 of the inclined optical fiber grating 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and is excited in an inclined optical fiber grating 260 region to tens of hundreds of cladding modes 270 propagating in opposite directions, wherein a part of the cladding modes 270 satisfying the wave-loss matching condition further excite different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in a composite film composed of the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) in an output transmission spectrum;
in this embodiment, the axial period of the inclined fiber grating 210 is Λ= 558.5nm, the grating inclination angle is θ=10°, the grating length is 15mm, the external environment 240 is a liquid solution, the refractive index is 1.315, the metal film 220 is a gold film, the thickness is 40nm, and the surface dielectric film is a nano-scale silicon (Si) film;
in this embodiment, the change in thickness of the surface dielectric film 230 causes the change in the real part and the imaginary part of the effective refractive index of the cladding mode 270 with the change in thickness of the surface dielectric film 230, as shown in fig. 11, as the thickness of the surface dielectric film 230 increases, all modes undergo a mode transition phenomenon, and there are two polarization-related mode transition intervals, that is, when the thickness of the surface dielectric film 230 is between 0 and 50nm and 225nm and 290nm, mode transition occurs between adjacent P-polarization modes, during which, corresponding mode energy is transferred into the composite film layer formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby exciting the P-polarization optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250-P, and when the thickness of the surface dielectric film 230 is between 90 and 115nm and 335nm and 360nm, mode transition occurs between S-polarization modes, during which, corresponding mode energy is transferred into the composite film layer formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby exciting the S-polarization optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250-S, and the S-polarization waveguide mode 250-P, that is similar to the periodic P-polarization mode transition occurs again when the thickness of the surface dielectric film 230 increases;
in this embodiment, the P-polarized or S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode 250 is mode-coupled with the core mode 270, so that the P-polarized or S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) is generated in the transmission spectrum of the output end of the inclined optical fiber grating 210, and as shown in fig. 12, the P-polarized or S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) can be excited efficiently in a wide range by changing the thickness of the surface dielectric film 230.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a light source input module 100, an optical fiber jumper 120, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 and an output detecting module 300;
in this embodiment, the light source input module 100, the optical fiber jumper 120, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200, and the output detection module 300 are identical to those of embodiment 1, except that the external environment 240 is an air environment, the refractive index is 1.0, and the grating inclination angle is θ=15°;
in this embodiment, the P-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) and the S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) are obtained respectively under the condition of the surface dielectric films 230 with different thicknesses, as shown in fig. 13, under the condition of different grating periods and different thicknesses, the P-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance and the S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance can be excited and controlled in a large range, in contrast, the excitation of the surface plasmon resonance in the air environment requires a large-angle inclined optical fiber grating, and only the surface plasmon mode can be excited near the cut-off mode, and meanwhile, the requirements on the grating writing process and equipment are higher.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a light source input module 100, an optical fiber jumper 120, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 and an output detecting module 300;
in this embodiment, the light source input module 100, the optical fiber jumper 120, and the output detection module 300 are identical to those of embodiment 1, except that the surface dielectric film 230 in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module 200 is titanium dioxide (TiO) 2 ) Film, and the periphery of the inclined fiber gratingThe period is 554.5nm;
in this embodiment, the change rule of the P-polarized and S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) along with the external environment is obtained under the conditions of the metal film 220 with different thicknesses and the surface dielectric film 230 with different thicknesses, as shown in fig. 14, along with the increase of the refractive index of the external environment 240, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance moves toward the long wavelength direction, the corresponding sensing sensitivity is as shown in fig. 15, the sensing sensitivity of the P-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance is up to 605.6nm/RIU (RIU is a refractive index unit), and is significantly higher than the sensitivity of the S-polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (339.2 nm/RIU), and is higher than the sensitivity of the optical fiber surface plasmon resonance under the same condition.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device and a regulating and controlling method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a light source input module 100, an optical fiber jumper 120, an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 and an output detecting module 300;
in this embodiment, the light source input module 100, the optical fiber jumper 120, and the output detection module 300 are identical to those of embodiment 1, and the difference is that the optical fiber 210 in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module 200 is a long period fiber grating, and is inscribed in the fiber core 210-1 of the single mode optical fiber, and the grating length is 40mm, as shown in fig. 5;
in this embodiment, the P-polarized light or S-polarized light or unpolarized light outputted from the light source input module 100 is inputted into the core 210-1 of the long period fiber bragg grating 210 through the optical fiber jumper 120, and a plurality of cladding modes 270 propagating in the same direction are excited in the grating 260 region, wherein a part of the cladding modes 270 satisfying the wave mismatch condition further excite different types of the optical fiber surface waveguide modes 250 in the composite film formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, thereby generating optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) in the output transmission spectrum;
in this embodiment, the relationship between the point grating period of the long period fiber grating 210 and the resonant wavelength, that is, the grating phase matching condition is shown in fig. 16 (a), according to the change rule of the grating phase matching condition, the P-polarization mode has an obvious mode-mode conversion phenomenon, in the conversion process, the corresponding mode energy is transferred into the composite film layer formed by the metal film 220 and the surface dielectric film 230, so as to excite the P-polarization fiber surface waveguide mode 250-P, and generate the P-polarization fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) in the output end transmission spectrum, as shown in fig. 16 (b) - (e), under the specific grating period, the apparent fiber surface waveguide mode bimodal resonance appears in the transmission spectrum, which indicates that the fiber surface waveguide mode resonance (SWR) is generated at two wavelengths simultaneously;
in this embodiment, the law of change of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance along with the external environment is obtained under the condition of different grating periods, as shown in fig. 17, along with the increase of the refractive index of the external environment 240, the bimodal resonant wavelength interval of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode gradually increases, the highest sensing sensitivity reaches 7267.7nm/RIU, the sensitivity of the optical fiber grating is improved by about 76 times compared with the sensitivity of the bare long-period optical fiber grating under the same condition, and the sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance of the optical fiber grating under the same condition is improved by about 4 times.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can replace, change, modify, combine and simplify the technical solution and the inventive concept according to the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing disclosure is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a fiber surface waveguide mode resonance produces device, includes light source input module and output module, its characterized in that: an optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module is arranged between the light source input module and the light source output module;
the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module comprises an optical fiber, a metal film coated on the surface of the optical fiber and a surface dielectric film coated on the surface of the metal film; in the working wavelength range of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module, the real part of the refractive index of the metal film is smaller than the imaginary part of the metal film; the real part of the refractive index of the surface dielectric film is higher than that of the optical fiber cladding.
2. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber is one of an inclined optical fiber grating, a long-period optical fiber grating, a multimode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber, a side polished or D-shaped optical fiber and a micro-nano optical fiber.
3. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 2, wherein: the light source input module, the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generation module and the output module are sequentially connected through optical fiber jumpers; when the optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber or an optical fiber device based on the single-mode optical fiber, the optical fiber jumper is a single-mode optical fiber jumper; when the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber or an optical fiber device based on the multimode optical fiber, the optical fiber jumper is a multimode optical fiber jumper; when the optical fiber is other types of optical fibers, the optical fiber jumper is a single mode optical fiber jumper.
4. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 1, wherein: the light source input module includes a broadband light source.
5. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 4, wherein: the light source input module is formed by sequentially connecting a broadband light source, an optical fiber jumper, a polarizer and a polarization controller, wherein: the polarizer is used for generating linearly polarized light, the polarization controller is used for outputting P polarized light or S polarized light, and the P polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode or S polarized optical fiber surface waveguide mode is excited in the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module respectively.
6. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 1, wherein: the output module comprises a transmission spectrum change monitoring assembly formed by an optical fiber jumper and a spectrum analyzer.
7. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 1, wherein: the output module comprises an output power change monitoring component composed of an optical fiber jumper and an optical power meter.
8. The optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating device according to claim 1, wherein: the output module comprises two monitoring schemes, namely a transmission spectrum change monitoring component formed by an optical fiber jumper and a spectrum analyzer, and an output power change monitoring component formed by an optical fiber jumper and an optical power meter, wherein the two monitoring schemes are connected with the optical fiber surface waveguide mode generating module through a 3dB coupler.
9. A method for controlling an optical fiber surface waveguide mode resonance generating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: the thickness of the metal film can be changed to regulate the mode transition and mode transition phenomena of the optical fiber mode, and/or the thickness of the surface dielectric film can be changed to regulate the excitation wavelength and the excitation intensity of the optical fiber surface waveguide mode.
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