CN109655930B - Gamma ray detection system and signal calibration and mixed medium phase fraction calculation method - Google Patents
Gamma ray detection system and signal calibration and mixed medium phase fraction calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V5/08—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
- G01V5/12—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using gamma or X-ray sources
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gamma ray detection system and a signal calibration and mixed medium phase fraction calculation method, which comprises a detection assembly, an FPGA module and a singlechip; the flowmeter body in the detection assembly is arranged outside the fluid pipeline, and a radioactive source installation cavity and a collector installation cavity which are communicated with the fluid pipeline are respectively arranged at two sides of the flowmeter body; a radiation penetrating hole is formed in the end cavity wall of the radioactive source installation cavity and positioned on the shaft center, and the radiation penetrating hole is sealed through a first sealing gasket; a ray penetrating hole is formed in the cavity wall of the collector mounting cavity, and the ray penetrating hole is sealed through a second sealing gasket; a gamma ray radioactive source is arranged in the radioactive source installation cavity, and a gamma ray collector is arranged in the collector installation cavity; and gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source irradiate the gamma ray collector after passing through the first sealing gasket, the fluid pipeline and the second sealing gasket. The system has simple structure, can quickly realize offset calculation and offset correction, and has more accurate final detection curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water content measurement in three-phase flow of oil, gas and water in an oil field, in particular to a gamma ray detection system and a rapid calibration of detection signals and a phase fraction calculation method of an oil-gas-water mixed medium.
Background
In recent twenty years, with development of digital intelligent oil fields, domestic instruments and meters for measuring water content, namely water meters, such as Daqing oil fields and Changqing oil fields, have put forward new demands. The moisture meter is moving towards lower cost, safer, more intelligent and tolerant of certain free or dissolved gases. Currently, the water meters on the market generally fall into two main categories, the water meters based on the ray technique and the water meters based on the non-ray technique: (1) The ray technology water meter is generally used for measuring the atomic level of oil and water mixtures in a pipeline based on single-energy gamma rays, is not influenced by medium flow pattern flow state and paraffin precipitation, has the absolute error basically within a range of +/-2% in the whole range of the water content of oil-water two phases between 0 and 100%, and has overall measurement accuracy superior to that of a non-ray technology water meter. In addition, the ray technical instrument is usually used for non-contact measurement, an insert is not required to be arranged in a pipeline, the fluid is free from being scratched, and the instrument is not influenced by wax precipitation and impurities in the fluid and has better applicability. However, the rays are limited in use in oil fields due to the complicated protection, safety and environmental protection requirements and potential dangerous factors, and cannot be widely adopted. (2) Non-ray technology water-containing instruments are generally based on microwave, infrared, capacitive conductance, etc. technologies. The technology has the advantages of low cost, safety and no worry about radiation. But the defects are obvious, firstly, the influence of oil-water emulsification and foam (phenomenon which cannot be eliminated in the oil field exploitation process) is limited; secondly, such instruments often need to contact the measurement medium, and the arranged probes, probes and the like need to extend into the pipeline, so that the fluid is blocked, affected by wax precipitation, and sometimes even blocked when impurities exist in the fluid, and the measurement is disabled.
In the oilfield production process, along with pressure fluctuation, part of natural gas is released from crude oil and exists in a fluid in a free gas form to form an oil-gas-water three-phase flow. Therefore, the water meter is used for measuring the water content of the oil, gas and water three-phase flow in the process of measuring the water content of a single well of an oil field by adopting the ray technology or the non-ray technology. When the free gas is very small, the gas phase exists as bubbles, and as the content increases, a continuous gas phase will be formed. The water content measurement under the condition of gas phase existence cannot be solved by the single-energy-level ray water content meter or the non-ray technology water content meter. Even the presence of bubbles has a considerable impact on its accuracy, and both types of water meters will fail completely if the gas phase forms a continuous phase. At present, when components in a closed pipeline are measured, an immunity source is adopted for detection, but the position and the shape of an energy spectrum are changed due to the fact that the external environment is easy to interfere in the processes of signal acquisition and signal processing, the energy spectrum is called energy spectrum deviation hereinafter, and the detection precision is low under the same medium state.
For the defects, the scheme adopted at present is as follows: the temperature of the environment where the gamma sensor component is located is controlled or the high voltage of the photomultiplier is adjusted in real time to control the detector to output stable energy spectrum data, but practice proves that the two schemes have time lag, the reflection speed is low, and the measurement accuracy is affected. Based on the above-mentioned problems, a new solution is needed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a gamma ray detection system and a rapid calibration of detection signals and a phase fraction calculation method of an oil-gas-water mixed medium, which adopt an exemption source to measure pipeline components, realize the functions of rapid signal processing and real-time judgment of energy spectrum positions under the condition of not changing the calculation speed of a controller, and rapidly adjust the energy spectrum access range in real time by tracking the energy spectrum positions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the gamma ray detection system comprises a detection assembly, an FPGA module and a singlechip; the detection assembly transmits the detected component information in the fluid pipeline to the FPGA module, and the FPGA module transmits the received component information to the singlechip and receives a control signal fed back by the singlechip; the detection assembly comprises a flowmeter body, a gamma ray radioactive source, a gamma ray collector, a radioactive source installation cavity, a collector installation cavity, a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; the flowmeter body is arranged outside the fluid pipeline, and the radioactive source installation cavity and the collector installation cavity which are communicated with the fluid pipeline are respectively arranged at two sides of the flowmeter body; a radiation penetrating hole is formed in the end cavity wall of the radioactive source installation cavity and positioned on the axial center, and the radiation penetrating hole is sealed through the first sealing gasket; a ray penetrating hole is formed in the cavity wall of the collector mounting cavity, and the ray penetrating hole is sealed through the second sealing gasket; the gamma ray radioactive source is arranged in the radioactive source installation cavity, and the gamma ray collector is arranged in the collector installation cavity; and gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source irradiate the gamma ray collector after passing through the first sealing gasket, the fluid pipeline and the second sealing gasket.
Further, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a controller are arranged in the singlechip; the gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray radiation source passes through the fluid pipeline and irradiates on the gamma ray collector, the gamma ray collector is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module through the FPGA module, the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the controller, and the controller is connected with the upper computer.
A gamma ray detection signal rapid calibration method based on the detection system comprises the following steps: s1: initializing; the controller is started to supply power to the detection assembly so that the detection assembly works normally; setting a stable peak acquisition period, a stable peak acquisition starting point, an energy spectrum acquisition period, an energy spectrum acquisition starting point and a standard energy spectrum; s2: the controller judges whether the detection signal is in a peak stabilizing state according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period, the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point and the detection signal read by the FPGA module; if yes, enter step S3; otherwise, entering the next peak stabilizing acquisition section, and returning to the step S2; s3: the controller sends a reading command, and corresponding energy spectrum data is obtained from the detection signal according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and collecting pulse accumulation counts between any two continuous energy spectrum collection addresses; s4: the controller sends the acquired energy spectrum data to the upper computer, draws an energy spectrum, and numbers the energy spectrum channel number; s5: the controller compares the drawn energy spectrogram with the standard energy spectrum, and if the energy spectrogram is consistent with the standard energy spectrum, the controller outputs energy spectrum data corresponding to the energy spectrogram; otherwise, entering step S6; s6: the controller carries out convolution calculation on the spectrogram and calculates the energy spectrum offset by combining the standard energy spectrum; s7: and (5) carrying out offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset, and returning to the step (S5).
Further, the specific step of judging whether to enter the peak stabilizing state in the step S2 is as follows: s21: the controller reads the detection signal and obtains a peak stabilizing judging section according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period and the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point; s22: setting any time point of a peak stabilizing judging section as a symmetrical center point, and respectively acquiring N pulse wave crest corresponding positions before and after the symmetrical center point; s23: comparing the symmetrical proportion of N pulses before and after the symmetrical center point and N pulse wave peaks corresponding positions: if the symmetry ratio is greater than the preset symmetry ratio, judging that the peak-stabilizing state is entered; otherwise, returning to step S22 after setting the time point of the next peak stabilizing acquisition period as the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point.
Further, in the step S6, the specific steps of the controller performing convolution calculation on the spectrogram and calculating the energy spectrum offset by combining the standard energy spectrum are as follows: s61: the controller randomly acquires the energy spectrum of a section of X-shaped character as the energy spectrum to be detected according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and y=1 is set; s62: randomly selecting continuous standard energy spectrums of the x-words from the standard energy spectrums to obtain a first energy spectrum; according to the energy spectrum acquisition starting point, arbitrarily selecting continuous x-shaped energy spectrums to be detected from the energy spectrums to be detected, and obtaining a second energy spectrum; s63: respectively numbering all wave peaks in the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum at corresponding moments; s64: multiplying the peaks corresponding to the same numbers of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum in a one-to-one correspondence manner and accumulating to obtain a Y-th accumulated value; s65: judging whether Y is equal to Z, if so, entering step S66; otherwise, the energy spectrum acquisition starting point is moved backwards by one word, and after Y=Y+1 is set, the step S62 is returned; s66: comparing the size of the Z accumulated values, wherein the difference value between the maximum peak position corresponding to the second energy spectrum with the maximum accumulated value and the maximum peak position of the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum offset.
Further, the energy spectrum offset is calculated by a convolution calculation formula to obtain the maximum value of the accumulated value, and the peak position value of the energy spectrum is read when the maximum value of the accumulated value is calculated, wherein the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum written in an initial stage, and then the peak position value of the standard energy spectrum is subtracted from the peak position value of the maximum value calculated by convolution, namely the peak position offset.
Further, the peak position offset d is: d=p M(max) -p B Wherein d is the peak position offset, p M(max) Peak position value, p, read when maximum value is calculated for accumulated value M (Y) B Peak position values of the standard energy spectrum.
Further, in the step S6, the formula for performing offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset is:
wherein H is the number of corrected energy spectrum channels; h is the number of the original set energy spectrum; d is the energy spectrum offset; p is the number of peak lanes.
The phase fraction calculating method of the oil-gas-water mixed medium based on the detection system comprises the following steps of: SA1: three energy levels of the gamma ray radiation source are acquired and divided into, in order from small to large: e (E) 1 、E 2 、E 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SA2: measuring the mineralization degree of fluid water in the fluid pipeline to obtain the measured mineralization degree of water; if the measured water mineralization is higher than the preset water mineralization; then select E 2 、E 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 2 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 3 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered; if the measured water mineralization is lower than the preset water mineralization; then select E 1 、E 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 1 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 2 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered; SA3: respectively introducing standard oil-gas-water mixed medium into the fluid pipeline, and adopting first energy level e 1 Second energy level e 2 Calibrating the fluid pipeline to obtain the linear absorption coefficient mu of the first energy level oil oil (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level oil oil (e 2 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of first level gas gas (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level gas gas (e 2 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of first level water water (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level water water (e 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Introducing anhydrous air into the fluid pipeline, and calibrating to obtain a counting rate N of the first energy level rays passing through the empty pipe 0 (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe 0 (e 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SA4: introducing an oil-gas-water mixed medium to be detected into the fluid pipeline, and obtaining a counting rate N when the first energy level rays pass through the oil-gas-water mixed medium pipe after calibration x (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe x (e 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SA5: calculating the oil holding rate alpha by combining the data of the step SA3 and the step SA4 and a counting rate formula group 1 Air content alpha 2 And water holding rate alpha 3 。
Further, the counting rate formula set is:
α 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；
wherein, when i=1, 2,3; alpha 1 Is the oil holding rate; alpha 2 Is the gas content; alpha 3 Is the water holding rate;
μ 1 (e 1 )＝μ oil (e 1 )；μ 1 (e 2 )＝μ oil (e 2 )；
μ 2 (e 1 )＝μ gas (e 1 )；μ 2 (e 2 )＝μ gas (e 2 )；
μ 3 (e 1 )＝μ water (e 1 )；μ 3 (e 2 )＝μ water (e 2 )；
d is the fluid conduit diameter.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the method adopts the FPGA and the singlechip as cores, controls to realize data acquisition and energy spectrum drawing, and combines a correction method to realize partition identification and selection of the energy spectrum curve with offset, so as to obtain a final energy spectrum offset value. 2. The energy spectrum calibration method combines the calculated energy spectrum offset to realize energy spectrum calibration, and has high speed; and the external interference is discharged, the final detection curve is more accurate, and the pipeline component detection precision is improved. 3. According to the invention, the phase fraction of the oil-gas-water mixed medium in the pipeline is calculated according to the calibration signal. In summary, the system has simple structure, can rapidly realize offset calculation and offset correction, discharge external interference, has more accurate final detection curve, and is beneficial to improving the detection precision of the pipeline components.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flowmeter mounting structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the fast calibration of the probe signal of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a steady-state determination flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the energy spectrum offset calculation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of a standard spectrum and a to-be-detected spectrum curve of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the calculation of oil holdup, gas holdup and water holdup of the oil-gas-water mixing medium.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a gamma ray detection system, which comprises a detection component 1, an FPGA module 2 and a singlechip 3; the detection component 1 transmits the detected component information in the fluid pipeline 4 to the FPGA module 2, and the FPGA module 2 transmits the received component information to the singlechip 3 and receives a control signal fed back to the singlechip 3.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the detection assembly 1 includes a flowmeter body 11, a radiation source mounting chamber 12, a collector mounting chamber 13, a first seal 14, a second seal 15, a gamma ray radiation source 16, and a gamma ray collector 17. The flowmeter body 11 is arranged outside the fluid pipeline 4, and a radioactive source installation cavity 12 and a collector installation cavity 13 which are communicated with the fluid pipeline 4 are respectively arranged at two sides of the flowmeter body 11. A radiation penetrating hole is arranged on the end cavity wall of the radioactive source installation cavity 12 and positioned on the axial center, and the radiation penetrating hole is sealed by a first sealing gasket 14; the collector mounting cavity 13 is provided with a radiation penetration hole on the cavity wall, and the radiation penetration hole is sealed by a second sealing gasket 15. A gamma ray radiation source 16 is arranged in the radiation source installation cavity 12, and a gamma ray collector 17 is arranged in the collector installation cavity 13; the gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source 16 are irradiated to the gamma ray collector 17 through the first sealing gasket 14, the fluid pipeline 4 and the second sealing gasket 15.
In the above embodiment, the first gasket 14 and the second gasket 15 are both polymer gaskets. The polymer sealing gasket has less gamma ray absorption and less gamma ray attenuation, ensures the gamma ray penetration rate, and causes more gamma ray attenuation by the fluid in the fluid pipeline 4, thereby ensuring more accurate whole detection process.
In the above embodiment, the outside of the radiation source installation cavity 12 is covered with the shield, and the shield is fixed to the flowmeter body 11 by the shield connecting bolt. A circle of first sealing rings are arranged on the outer wall of the flowmeter body 11 around the radioactive source installation cavity 12, and a second sealing ring is arranged on the protective cover corresponding to the first sealing rings; the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are in butt joint to form a protective cover annular sealing chamber, a protective cover sealing ring is arranged in the protective cover annular sealing chamber, and a protective cover connecting bolt is positioned on the periphery of the protective cover sealing ring.
In the above embodiment, the gamma ray collector 17 is provided with a connection flange, the connection flange is covered outside the collector installation cavity 13, and the connection flange is fixed on the flowmeter body 11 through a flange connection bolt; the probe of the gamma ray collector 17 passes through the connecting flange and then extends into the collector mounting cavity 13. The outer wall of the flowmeter body 11 surrounds the collector installation cavity 13 and is provided with a circle of third sealing ring groove, a fourth sealing ring groove is arranged on the connecting flange corresponding to the third sealing ring groove, the third sealing ring groove and the fourth sealing ring groove are in butt joint to form a flange annular sealing cavity, a flange sealing ring is arranged in the flange annular sealing cavity, and a flange connecting bolt is positioned on the periphery of the flange sealing ring.
In the above embodiment, the radiation source installation cavity 12 is a cylinder, the end face of the radiation exit hole is an inclined plane with an inclined angle of 45 degrees, and the inclined plane is attached with a metal target. A collimator is positioned opposite the bevel and fixedly mounted to the source mounting chamber 12.
In the above embodiment, the gamma ray collectors 17 are scintillation crystal gamma ray collectors.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a digital-to-analog conversion module 31 and a controller 32 are disposed in the single chip 3. The gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source 16 pass through the fluid pipeline 4 and then irradiate the gamma ray collector 17, the gamma ray collector 17 is connected with a digital-to-analog conversion module 31 in the singlechip 3 through the FPGA module 2, the digital-to-analog conversion module 31 is connected with a controller 32, and the controller 32 is connected with the upper computer 5.
In the above embodiment, the digital-to-analog conversion module 31 is a 12-bit high-speed analog-to-digital converter; the FPGA module 2 controls the digital-to-analog conversion module 31 to work by using a 20M clock, so that the acquisition of pulse signals transmitted by the flow body is realized.
In the above embodiment, the controller 32 is also provided with a memory.
Based on the above detection system, the present invention further provides a method for rapidly calibrating gamma ray detection signals, as shown in fig. 3, which includes the following steps:
s1: initializing; the controller 32 starts the power supply to the detection assembly 1 to enable the detection assembly to work normally; setting a stable peak acquisition period, a stable peak acquisition starting point, an energy spectrum acquisition period, an energy spectrum acquisition starting point and a standard energy spectrum;
in this embodiment, the peak stabilizing acquisition cycle time is 5 seconds.
S2: the controller 32 judges whether the detection signal is in a peak stabilizing state according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period, the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point and the detection signal read by the FPGA module 2; if yes, enter step S3; otherwise, entering the next peak stabilizing acquisition section, and returning to the step S2;
as shown in fig. 4, the specific steps for determining whether to enter the peak stabilizing state in step S2 are as follows:
s21: the controller 32 reads the detection signal and obtains a peak stabilizing judgment section according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period and the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point;
s22: setting any time point of a peak stabilizing judging section as a symmetrical center point, and respectively acquiring N pulse wave crest corresponding positions before and after the symmetrical center point; in this embodiment, n=30.
S23: comparing the symmetrical proportion of N pulses before and after the symmetrical center point and N pulse wave peaks corresponding positions: if the symmetry ratio is greater than the preset symmetry ratio, judging that the peak-stabilizing state is entered; otherwise, returning to step S22 after setting the time point of the next peak stabilizing acquisition period as the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point.
In this embodiment, the preset symmetry ratio is 95%.
Because the system stability is poor in the initial detection stage and is still in the debugging detection stage, the collected data cannot judge whether the collected data belongs to the data which are normally collected, and the stability of the data collected by the system is judged by the method, so that unusable data is deleted, the precision in the component detection process is ensured, and the interference is reduced.
S3: the controller 32 sends a reading command to acquire corresponding energy spectrum data from the detection signal according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and collecting pulse accumulation counts between any two continuous energy spectrum collection addresses;
when the energy spectrum data is acquired, the controller 32 periodically sends different commands to the FPGA module 2 through the SPI.
S4: the controller 32 sends the acquired energy spectrum data to the upper computer 5, draws an energy spectrum, and numbers the energy spectrum;
in this embodiment, the accumulated data spectrum data of 512 addresses collected and stored by the FPGA module 2 is transmitted to the controller through the SPI communication channel.
S5: the controller 32 compares the drawn energy spectrogram with the standard energy spectrum, and if the energy spectrogram is consistent with the standard energy spectrum, the energy spectrum data corresponding to the energy spectrogram is output; otherwise, entering step S6;
s6: the controller 32 performs convolution calculation on the spectrogram and calculates the energy spectrum offset by combining the standard energy spectrum;
as shown in fig. 5, in step S6, the specific steps of the controller 32 performing convolution calculation on the spectrogram and calculating the energy spectrum offset in combination with the standard energy spectrum are as follows:
s61: the controller 32 randomly acquires the energy spectrum of a section of X-shaped character as the energy spectrum to be detected according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and y=1 is set; in this embodiment, x=300.
S62: randomly selecting continuous standard energy spectrums of the x-words from the standard energy spectrums to obtain a first energy spectrum; according to the energy spectrum acquisition starting point, arbitrarily selecting continuous x-shaped energy spectrums to be detected from the energy spectrums to be detected, and obtaining a second energy spectrum; x=200.
S63: respectively numbering all wave peaks in the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum at corresponding moments;
s64: multiplying the peaks corresponding to the same numbers of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum in a one-to-one correspondence manner and accumulating to obtain a Y-th accumulated value;
s65: judging whether Y is equal to Z, if so, entering step S66; otherwise, the energy spectrum acquisition starting point is moved backwards by one word, and after Y=Y+1 is set, the step S62 is returned;
in this embodiment, z=100. Z is the maximum accumulated number.
S66: comparing the size of the Z accumulated values, wherein the difference value between the maximum peak position corresponding to the second energy spectrum with the maximum accumulated value and the maximum peak position of the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum offset.
The specific formula of the convolution calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is a standard energy spectrum, R is an energy spectrum to be detected, and M (Y) is an accumulated value.
Energy spectrum offset:
the maximum value of the accumulated value can be calculated by the convolution calculation formula, the peak position value of the energy spectrum is read when the maximum value of the accumulated value is calculated, wherein the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum written in the initial stage, and then the peak position value of the standard energy spectrum is subtracted from the peak position value of the maximum value calculated by convolution, namely the peak position offset d, and the calculation formula is as follows:
d＝p M(max) -p B ，
wherein d is the peak position offset, p M(max) Peak position value, p, read when maximum value is calculated for accumulated value M (Y) B Peak position values of the standard energy spectrum.
Through the steps, convolution calculation is adopted, and the most accurate energy spectrum offset value is obtained through calculation and selection from a plurality of interval sections. And when the offset is calibrated in the later period, calculation is convenient, so that the finally obtained energy spectrum is the most accurate.
S7: and (5) carrying out offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset, and returning to the step (S5).
In step S7, the formula for performing offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset is:
wherein H is the number of corrected energy spectrum channels; h is the number of the original set energy spectrum; d is the energy spectrum offset; p is the number of peak lanes.
As shown in fig. 6, the dotted line spectrum is a real-time spectrum, and the solid line spectrum sets a standard spectrum. d is any value between-25 and 25, and the energy window is adjusted according to a stretching formula before the absolute value of the peak position offset reaches 25. Assuming that d= -5, the energy window number is set to be h=410, the actual energy window number is set to be p=390, the new energy spectrum number is calculated to be h=405 according to a stretching formula, and then the new energy spectrum is close to the set energy spectrum number.
And stretching the real-time energy spectrum peak position to the set peak position within 25 peak position offset according to the steps, thereby realizing a peak stabilizing state.
By the method, the pipeline data can be acquired, the acquired data is screened, stable signal acquisition is realized, and energy spectrum offset caused by environmental factors such as temperature and the like is calculated. And meanwhile, the energy spectrum which is shifted is corrected, so that the obtained energy spectrum data has small error and high reliability.
Based on the detection system, the invention also provides a phase fraction calculating method of the oil-gas-water mixed medium of the gamma ray detection system, as shown in fig. 7, comprising the following specific steps:
SA1: three energy levels of the gamma ray radiation source 16 are acquired and divided into, in order from small to large: e (E) 1 、E 2 、E 3 ；
SA2: measuring the mineralization degree of the fluid water in the fluid pipeline 4 to obtain the measured mineralization degree of the water;
if the measured water mineralization is higher than the preset water mineralization; then select E 2 、E 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 2 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 3 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered;
if the measured water mineralization is lower than the preset water mineralization; then select E 1 、E 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 1 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 2 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered;
SA3: respectively introducing standard oil-gas-water mixed medium into the fluid pipeline 4, and adopting a first energy level e 1 Second energy level e 2 Calibrating the fluid pipeline 4 to obtain the linear absorption coefficient mu of the first-energy-level oil oil (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level oil oil (e 2 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of first level gas gas (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level gas gas (e 2 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of first level water water (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level water water (e 2 )；
Introducing anhydrous air into the fluid pipeline 4, and obtaining the counting rate N of the first energy level rays when the first energy level rays pass through the empty pipe after calibration 0 (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe 0 (e 2 )；
SA4: introducing an oil-gas-water mixed medium to be detected into the fluid pipeline 4, and obtaining the counting rate N of the first energy level rays passing through the oil-gas-water mixed medium pipe after calibration x (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe x (e 2 )；
SA5: calculating the oil holding rate alpha by combining the data of the step SA3 and the step SA4 and a counting rate formula group 1 Air content alpha 2 And water holding rate alpha 3 ；
The counting rate formula set is:
α 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；
wherein, when i=1, 2,3; alpha 1 Is the oil holding rate; alpha 2 Is the gas content; alpha 3 Is the water holding rate;
μ 1 (e 1 )＝μ oil (e 1 )；μ 1 (e 2 )＝μ oil (e 2 )；
μ 2 (e 1 )＝μ gas (e 1 )；μ 2 (e 2 )＝μ gas (e 2 )；
μ 3 (e 1 )＝μ water (e 1 )；μ 3 (e 2 )＝μ water (e 2 )；
d is the diameter of the fluid conduit 4.
In the present embodiment, gammaThe radiation source 16 being 133 The Ba exempts from radioactive sources; the method comprises 133 The Ba-exempted radioactive source comprises three energy levels, wherein E 1 ＝31keV；E 2 ＝81keV；E 3 ＝356keV。
The foregoing embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention, and the structure, dimensions, positioning and steps of the components may vary, and on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention, modifications and equivalent changes to the individual components and steps according to the principles of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A gamma ray detection signal rapid calibration method based on a gamma ray detection system is characterized in that the gamma ray detection system comprises a detection component, an FPGA module and a singlechip; the detection assembly transmits the detected component information in the fluid pipeline to the FPGA module, and the FPGA module transmits the received component information to the singlechip and receives a control signal fed back by the singlechip;
the detection assembly comprises a flowmeter body, a gamma ray radioactive source, a gamma ray collector, a radioactive source installation cavity, a collector installation cavity, a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; the flowmeter body is arranged outside the fluid pipeline, and the radioactive source installation cavity and the collector installation cavity which are communicated with the fluid pipeline are respectively arranged at two sides of the flowmeter body; a radiation penetrating hole is formed in the end cavity wall of the radioactive source installation cavity and positioned on the axial center, and the radiation penetrating hole is sealed through the first sealing gasket; a ray penetrating hole is formed in the cavity wall of the collector mounting cavity, and the ray penetrating hole is sealed through the second sealing gasket; the gamma ray radioactive source is arranged in the radioactive source installation cavity, and the gamma ray collector is arranged in the collector installation cavity; gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source irradiate the gamma ray collector after passing through the first sealing gasket, the fluid pipeline and the second sealing gasket;
the singlechip is internally provided with a digital-to-analog conversion module and a controller; the gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source pass through the fluid pipeline and then irradiate the gamma ray collector, the gamma ray collector is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module through the FPGA module, the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the controller, and the controller is connected with the upper computer;
the calibration method comprises the following steps:
s1: initializing; the controller is started to supply power to the detection assembly so that the detection assembly works normally; setting a stable peak acquisition period, a stable peak acquisition starting point, an energy spectrum acquisition period, an energy spectrum acquisition starting point and a standard energy spectrum;
s2: the controller judges whether the detection signal is in a peak stabilizing state according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period, the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point and the detection signal read by the FPGA module; if yes, enter step S3; otherwise, entering the next peak stabilizing acquisition section, and returning to the step S2;
s3: the controller sends a reading command, and corresponding energy spectrum data is obtained from the detection signal according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and collecting pulse accumulation counts between any two continuous energy spectrum collection addresses;
s4: the controller sends the acquired energy spectrum data to the upper computer, draws an energy spectrum, and numbers the energy spectrum channel number;
s5: the controller compares the drawn energy spectrogram with the standard energy spectrum, and if the energy spectrogram is consistent with the standard energy spectrum, the controller outputs energy spectrum data corresponding to the energy spectrogram; otherwise, entering step S6;
s6: the controller carries out convolution calculation on the spectrogram and calculates the energy spectrum offset by combining the standard energy spectrum;
s7: and (5) carrying out offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset, and returning to the step (S5).
2. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein: the specific step of judging whether to enter the peak stabilizing state in the step S2 is as follows:
s21: the controller reads the detection signal and obtains a peak stabilizing judging section according to the peak stabilizing acquisition period and the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point;
s22: setting any time point of a peak stabilizing judging section as a symmetrical center point, and respectively acquiring N pulse wave crest corresponding positions before and after the symmetrical center point;
s23: comparing the symmetrical proportion of N pulses before and after the symmetrical center point and N pulse wave peaks corresponding positions: if the symmetry ratio is greater than the preset symmetry ratio, judging that the peak-stabilizing state is entered; otherwise, returning to step S22 after setting the time point of the next peak stabilizing acquisition period as the peak stabilizing acquisition starting point.
3. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the specific steps of convoluting the spectrogram by the controller and calculating the energy spectrum offset by combining the standard energy spectrum are as follows:
s61: the controller randomly acquires the energy spectrum of a section of X-shaped character as the energy spectrum to be detected according to the energy spectrum acquisition period and the energy spectrum acquisition starting point; and y=1 is set;
s62: randomly selecting continuous standard energy spectrums of the x-words from the standard energy spectrums to obtain a first energy spectrum; according to the energy spectrum acquisition starting point, arbitrarily selecting continuous x-shaped energy spectrums to be detected from the energy spectrums to be detected, and obtaining a second energy spectrum;
s63: respectively numbering all wave peaks in the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum at corresponding moments;
s64: multiplying the peaks corresponding to the same numbers of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum in a one-to-one correspondence manner and accumulating to obtain a Y-th accumulated value;
s65: judging whether Y is equal to Z, if so, entering step S66; otherwise, the energy spectrum acquisition starting point is moved backwards by one word, and after Y=Y+1 is set, the step S62 is returned;
s66: comparing the size of the Z accumulated values, wherein the difference value between the maximum peak position corresponding to the second energy spectrum with the maximum accumulated value and the maximum peak position of the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum offset.
4. A method of calibrating as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the energy spectrum offset is calculated by a convolution calculation formula to obtain the maximum value of the accumulated value, and the peak position value of the energy spectrum is read when the maximum value of the accumulated value is calculated, wherein the standard energy spectrum is the energy spectrum written in an initial stage, and then the peak position value of the standard energy spectrum is subtracted from the peak position value when the maximum value is calculated by convolution, namely the peak position offset.
5. The method of calibrating according to claim 4, wherein: the peak position offset d is:
d＝p M(max) -p B ，
wherein d is the peak position offset, p M(max) Peak position value, p, read when maximum value is calculated for accumulated value M (Y) B Peak position values of the standard energy spectrum.
6. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the formula for performing offset correction on the spectrogram according to the energy spectrum offset is as follows:
wherein H is the number of corrected energy spectrum channels; h is the number of the original set energy spectrum; d is the energy spectrum offset; p is the number of peak lanes.
7. The phase fraction calculation method of the oil-gas-water mixed medium based on the gamma ray detection system is characterized in that the gamma ray detection system comprises a detection component, an FPGA module and a singlechip; the detection assembly transmits the detected component information in the fluid pipeline to the FPGA module, and the FPGA module transmits the received component information to the singlechip and receives a control signal fed back by the singlechip;
the detection assembly comprises a flowmeter body, a gamma ray radioactive source, a gamma ray collector, a radioactive source installation cavity, a collector installation cavity, a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; the flowmeter body is arranged outside the fluid pipeline, and the radioactive source installation cavity and the collector installation cavity which are communicated with the fluid pipeline are respectively arranged at two sides of the flowmeter body; a radiation penetrating hole is formed in the end cavity wall of the radioactive source installation cavity and positioned on the axial center, and the radiation penetrating hole is sealed through the first sealing gasket; a ray penetrating hole is formed in the cavity wall of the collector mounting cavity, and the ray penetrating hole is sealed through the second sealing gasket; the gamma ray radioactive source is arranged in the radioactive source installation cavity, and the gamma ray collector is arranged in the collector installation cavity; gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source irradiate the gamma ray collector after passing through the first sealing gasket, the fluid pipeline and the second sealing gasket;
the singlechip is internally provided with a digital-to-analog conversion module and a controller; the gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray radiation source pass through the fluid pipeline and then irradiate the gamma ray collector, the gamma ray collector is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module through the FPGA module, the digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the controller, and the controller is connected with the upper computer;
the phase fraction calculating method comprises the following steps:
SA1: three energy levels of the gamma ray radiation source are acquired and divided into, in order from small to large: e (E) 1 、E 2 、E 3 ；
SA2: measuring the mineralization degree of fluid water in the fluid pipeline to obtain the measured mineralization degree of water;
if the measured water mineralization is higher than the preset water mineralization; then select E 2 、E 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 2 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 3 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered;
if the measured water mineralization is lower than the preset water mineralization; then select E 1 、E 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let E 1 For a first energy level e 1 ；E 2 At a second energy level e 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step SA3 is entered;
SA3: respectively introducing standard oil-gas-water mixed medium into the fluid pipeline, and adopting first energy level e 1 Second energy level e 2 Calibrating the fluid pipeline to obtain the linear absorption coefficient mu of the first energy level oil oil (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level oil oil (e 2 ) Linearity of first energy level gasAbsorption coefficient mu gas (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level gas gas (e 2 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of first level water water (e 1 ) Linear absorption coefficient μ of second level water water (e 2 )；
Introducing anhydrous air into the fluid pipeline, and calibrating to obtain a counting rate N of the first energy level rays passing through the empty pipe 0 (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe 0 (e 2 )；
SA4: introducing an oil-gas-water mixed medium to be detected into the fluid pipeline, and obtaining a counting rate N when the first energy level rays pass through the oil-gas-water mixed medium pipe after calibration x (e 1 ) And a count rate N of the second energy level rays passing through the empty pipe x (e 2 )；
SA5: calculating the oil holding rate alpha by combining the data of the step SA3 and the step SA4 and a counting rate formula group 1 Air content alpha 2 And water holding rate alpha 3 。
8. The phase fraction calculation method according to claim 7, wherein: the counting rate formula group is as follows:
α 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；
wherein, when i=1, 2,3; alpha 1 Is the oil holding rate; alpha 2 Is the gas content; alpha 3 Is the water holding rate;
μ 1 (e 1 )＝μ oil (e 1 )；μ 1 (e 2 )＝μ oil (e 2 )；
μ 2 (e 1 )＝μ gas (e 1 )；μ 2 (e 2 )＝μ gas (e 2 )；
μ 3 (e 1 )＝μ water (e 1 )；μ 3 (e 2 )＝μ water (e 2 )；
d is the fluid conduit diameter.
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| CN103852475A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-06-11 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Multichannel potassium measuring instrument based on gamma ray |
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