CN109655342A - A kind of molecule sample shattering process research experiment device and its experimental method - Google Patents
A kind of molecule sample shattering process research experiment device and its experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655342A CN109655342A CN201910084026.1A CN201910084026A CN109655342A CN 109655342 A CN109655342 A CN 109655342A CN 201910084026 A CN201910084026 A CN 201910084026A CN 109655342 A CN109655342 A CN 109655342A
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- BVPWJMCABCPUQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]benzamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NC1CCN(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 BVPWJMCABCPUQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0087—Resistance to crushing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微小颗粒试样破碎过程研究实验装置及其实验方法，加载装置选用直线滑台结构作为加载部件，装配在直线滑台转动丝杆底部的编码器在加载过程中产生连续脉冲信号，触发激光位移传感器和压力传感器实时、同步记录试样受压破碎过程中的位移和实验力，装置配套有高速显微摄像机，记录试样从受压到破碎的实时过程。装置可用来进行非金属、形状不规则的各类微小颗粒试样(0.1‑2mm)的单轴压缩破碎实验，测试试样的破碎强度、破碎功等力学参数以及研究试样破碎过程。此外，利用该实验装置还可进行试样破碎过程中砧板、压头材料的损伤行为等研究。
The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for researching the crushing process of micro-particle samples. The loading device adopts a linear sliding table structure as a loading component, and an encoder assembled at the bottom of a rotating screw of the linear sliding table generates continuous pulses during the loading process. The signal triggers the laser displacement sensor and the pressure sensor to record the displacement and experimental force of the sample in the process of compression and crushing in real time and synchronously. The device can be used to perform uniaxial compression and crushing experiments on non-metallic and irregularly shaped micro-particle samples (0.1-2mm), test the mechanical parameters such as the crushing strength and crushing work of the samples, and study the crushing process of the samples. In addition, the experimental device can also be used to study the damage behavior of the anvil and indenter materials during the sample crushing process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mechanical test technologies of material, and in particular to one kind can carry out the survey of molecule sample breaking strength
The experimental provision and its experimental method of examination and shattering process research.
Background technique
Particle Breakage typically refers to nonmetallic sample and generates structural destruction or cleavage in the case where bearing load effect, splits into
The process of multiple smaller samples.Particle Breakage problem is widely present in all kinds of engineer applications, as ore crushes, wheel track interface
Use stucco increasing stick, the sample in engineering construction as the quartz sand of foundation material or filler under the conditions of big loading broken etc..
Particle Breakage intensity is the ability evaluated various sample and can bear normal load, directly related with the partial size of particle,
And it is influenced by factors such as the material of particle, mineralogical characteristic, shape, porosity and internal flaws.Due to above all kinds of not true
Determine the influence of factor, the breaking strength of particle is not a constant basis in testing, but shows as strong discreteness, needs to lead to
It crosses a large amount of experiment and carries out statistical research.Based on this, needs to develop and design a kind of simple, convenient uniaxial compression type test
Device is tested in order to carry out a large amount of repetition.
Common fluid pressure type uniaxial compression experimental provision is mostly for macroscopic view, large scale in rock-soil mechanics experimental study at present
Rock mass sample carry out Crushing Mechanics test device, loading velocity is too fast for molecule sample (< 2mm), will lead to
Sample shattering process is too short, and the force-displacement curve data point measured is very few to be difficult to judge that sample is crushed critical point, and in its test
Often ignore in sample pressurized process the insertion behavior of chopping block/pressure head wound (behavior large scale is tested it is negligible, but
Influence to molecule sample is more significant) cause measured result inaccurate.Further, since institute's test specimens size is smaller,
When being pressurized, less than 1mm, conventional observation means are difficult to monitor in the gap between usual pressure head and chopping block, therefore sample is from compression
Real-time monitoring into shattering process is always the difficult point in studying.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a kind of experimental provision for testing molecule sample breaking strength, and the device is special
It is tested for the crushing behavior of molecule sample (partial size is less than 2mm), uses high-precision driving motor and laser displacement
Sensor carries out the load and measurement in experimentation, improves measurement accuracy and response speed；Matched with devices has real-time micro- sight
Examining system can record sample from the germinating and extension, the ejection of broken moment by the metamorphosis, crackle being pressed onto shattering process
Behavior and ejection speed, it is broken after particle diameter distribution etc. of particle can be the Crushing Mechanics parameter of research sample, crushing behavior and respectively
Class Study on influencing factors provides the data supporting of multiplicity, in addition, can also be carried out in sample shattering process using the experimental provision
Chopping block, the derogatory behaviour research of pressure head material, research of particle sample insertion behavior etc..
To realize first invention purpose, used technical solution is:
A kind of molecule sample shattering process research experiment device, the uniaxial compression as nonmetallic molecule sample
Crushing experiment, to measure its breaking strength and process, which is characterized in that shaft coupling is passed through by the driving motor 1 being arranged in rack 2
Device 3 and rotational lead screw 4, which link, is constituted straight line pressure exerting arrangement to drive slide unit 6 to move up and down along guide post 5；Pressure head 10 is existed by setting
It drives the collet 9 on slide unit 6 fixed, is constituted with the cooperation of chopping block 12 and the normal direction of sample to be tested is loaded；Chopping block is arranged with pressure
Sensor 13；It is placed in 4 bottom end of rotational lead screw and is provided with encoder 15, drive and be provided with monitoring driving slide unit and guide post on slide unit 6
The laser displacement sensor 8 of vertical displacement；The monitoring signals structure of encoder 15, laser displacement sensor 8 and pressure sensor 14
Plc data acquisition module is imported at the signal acquiring system of experimental provision；By the portable microscope 16 being placed near chopping block
The monitoring and recording system of particle sample shattering process in experiment is constituted with high speed microscope camera 17.
In this way, using straight line sliding desk type structure as loading device, with dynamic head to the sample to be tested being placed on chopping block into
Row uniaxial compression；Experiment power in sample pressurized process is measured by being mounted on the pressure sensor below chopping block, the method in experiment
It is measured to displacement by being parallelly mounted to the laser displacement sensor on slide unit with pressure head, is installed on the through of ball-screw bottom
Encoder continuously generates pulse signal in the work of straight line slide unit, and the signal is as pressure sensor and laser displacement sensor
Outer triggering signal guarantees real-time, the synchronous acquisition of pressure and displacement in experimentation；In sample to be tested institute X, the side Y in the plane
To one portable microscope of each arrangement, for shooting Sample Image before experiment and measuring irregular sample at X, Y, Z tri-
The partial size of dimension is disposed with high speed microscope camera in the X-direction other side in the plane in sample to be tested institute, for recording entire examination
Sample is from by the real-time micro-image being pressed onto shattering process.
Second purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of using above-mentioned experimental provision progress molecule sample breaking strength and pressure
Head/chopping block material damage behavioral study experimental method, this method can comprehensively consider the broken numerous influence factors of sample, letter
List quickly completes a series of sample crushing behavior experiment.
The present invention is to realize the second goal of the invention, and used technical solution is: the material of processing pressure head 10 and chopping block 12
It is selected according to experiment purpose, the steel alloy of high rigidity is used in routine test；Experimental procedure is as follows:
(1) prepare sample to be tested and sample is grouped according to experiment purpose, every group of preparation sample quantities 50-200；
(2) using microscope photographing test specimens in X, the micro-image of Y-direction before every group of experiment starts, and measurement examination respectively
Actual size of the sample in tri- dimensions of X, Y, Z；
(3) starting driving motor 1 carries out compression to sample to be tested until sample is broken with the loading velocity of setting, and pressure passes
Pressure under external trigger mode in automatic collection experimentation of sensor and laser displacement sensor, displacement signal, high speed are aobvious
Micro- camera record sample is from by being pressed onto broken whole process；
(4) after stopping experiment, the sample collected on pressure head and chopping block is crushed clast, uses the pressure of acquisition, displacement signal
The force-displacement curve in sample shattering process is drawn, the critical broken of sample is determined according to the critical catastrophe point on force-displacement curve
Broken power and critical broken deformation carry out the crushing work that numerical integration calculates sample to the force-displacement curve in sample shattering process,
According to the Form Development in the camera shooting analysis sample shattering process of high speed microscope camera (17)；
(5) repeat to test, whole samples experiment until completing sample to be tested, the Fitting Calculation sample to be tested it is broken strong
Degree, crushing work, in addition can also broken type to sample, in sample shattering process caused by chopping block/pressure head material surface damage,
The particle diameter distribution etc. of broken sample is studied.
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that Fig. 1 removes the B-B top view after straight line pressure exerting arrangement.
Fig. 4 is the workflow and control logic between each component of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional appearance photo of test sample before the embodiment of the present invention is tested.Scheming (a) is X-direction；Scheming (b) is the side Y
To.
Fig. 6 is the force-displacement curve and sample in experiment loading procedure of the embodiment of the present invention in sample to be tested shattering process
Micro-image variation diagram.
Fig. 7 is that the silica sample breaking strength obtained after the embodiment of the present invention is tested is counted with change of size result
Figure.
Fig. 8 is silica sample crushing work statistical chart under the different-grain diameter obtained after the embodiment of the present invention is tested.
Fig. 9 is chopping block surface damage shape appearance figure after experiment of the embodiment of the present invention.
Each component in figure are as follows: 1 driving motor, 2 racks, 3 shaft couplings, 4 rotational lead screws, 5 guide posts, 6 slide units, 7 fixtures, 8 swash
Optical displacement sensor, 9 collets, 10 pressure heads, 11 samples to be tested, 12 chopping blocks, 13 chopping block fixtures, 14 pressure sensors, 15 encoders,
16 portable microscopes, 17 high speed microscope cameras.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the specific structure of apparatus of the present invention jointly, are led to by the driving motor 1 being arranged in rack 2
It crosses shaft coupling 3 and the linkage of rotational lead screw 4 and is constituted straight line pressure exerting arrangement to drive slide unit 6 to move up and down along guide post 5；Pressure head 10 passes through
The collet 9 being arranged on driving slide unit 6 is fixed, constitutes with the cooperation of chopping block 12 and loads to the normal direction of molecule sample 11；Chopping block
It is arranged with pressure sensor 13；It is placed in 4 bottom end of rotational lead screw and is provided with encoder 15, drive and be provided with monitoring drive on slide unit 6
The laser displacement sensor 8 of dynamic slide unit and guide post vertical displacement；Encoder 15, laser displacement sensor 8 and pressure sensor 14
Monitoring signals constitute the signal acquiring system of experimental provision；It is aobvious by the portable microscope 16 and high speed that are placed near chopping block
Micro- video camera 17 constitutes the monitoring and recording system of sample shattering process in experiment.
The pressure sensor is installed on the experiment power in chopping block fixture lower end measurement sample pressurized process, and range is
500N, precision 0.01N；The laser displacement sensor and pressure head are installed on slide unit jointly, and measurement direction is parallel to cunning
The platform direction of motion measures the Normal Displacement in sample pressurized process, range 5mm, precision 0.1 using non-contact measurement mode
μm；The encoder is bearing structure, and rotor is installed on 4 bottom shaft end of rotary screw rod, is connected in motor shaft and screw rod rotation
The continuous outer triggering signal for generating pulse signal as pressure sensor and laser displacement sensor, retentivity and strain signal
Real-time synchronization acquisition, precision be 600 pulses/turn；The portable microscope is respectively arranged in Z axis plane where sample to be tested
X, Y-direction, multiplying power be × 50；The direction-X of Z axis plane where the high speed microscope camera is installed on sample to be tested, times
Rate × 200, shooting frame rate 2000FPS.
Fig. 4 shows the integrated and control logic of each component of apparatus of the present invention, tests after starting first with portable micro-
Mirror is in shooting Sample Image and measures irregular sample in the partial size of tri- dimensions of X, Y, Z；PLC action module controls motor and drives
Dynamic device driving motor work drives slide unit and the pressure head being mounted on slide unit and laser displacement sensor in movement in vertical direction,
Sample to be tested is compressed；Encoder 15 continuously generates pulse signal during motor action, which will be used as pressure
Sensor and the outer triggering signal of laser displacement sensor in real time, synchronous give power in experimentation and displacement transmission to PLC number
According to acquisition module；The pressure force-displacement curve of real-time display experimentation kind after plc data acquisition module handles data,
And determine whether sample is crushed according to real time data, it is broken to determine that sample occurs when detecting that moment decline occurs in pressure value
Broken, PLC action module will control motor stopping movement；It is broken from being pressed onto that experimentation high speed microscope camera records sample
Real-time micro-image in whole process.
A method of sample crushing behavior experimental study being carried out using this experimental provision, the steps include:
Pressure head and test block material select CL60 wheel material and U71Mn rail material, pressure head processing respectively in the present embodiment
For the pin type structure of diameter 5mm, chopping block is processed as 10mm × 5mm × 5mm block structure, and pressure head axial end and test block surface carry out
Polishing treatment, roughness is less than 1 μm.
Selected sample to be tested is silica sample, and sample particle size range is 0.1-1.2mm, and sample size is 200.
Experiment purpose is in the breaking strength for testing silica sample used in railway stucco increasing stick, crushing work and shattering process to vehicle
It is damaged caused by wheel/Rail Surface.
When experiment, by portable microscope shooting sample to be tested in X, the pattern of Y-direction, then starts driving motor and carry out
Experiment load, until sample is broken, data collection system records the power acquired in experimentation, displacement signal in real time, removes pressure
Head, chopping block surface sample clast, repeat experiment and be crushed to all samples.
Fig. 5 is the sample to be tested that is shot before experiment with portable microscope in X, the microphoto of Y-direction, each sample
Practical three-dimensional dimension can be measured directly on the image.
Fig. 6 is the examination of the force-displacement curve and high-speed camera record in the sample shattering process recorded in experimentation
The sample form variation of sample in each stage.As seen from Figure 3, when sample occurs broken, force-displacement curve occurs apparent different
It often reduces, which is registered as the critical break-up point of the sample, and corresponding experiment power and displacement are respectively recorded as sample
Critical crushing force and strain.
The breaking strength of the sample is calculated according to the critical crushing force measured:
σ=(4Fc)/(πd^2) (1)
Wherein FcFor the critical crushing force measured in Fig. 3, d is the equivalent grain size of sample, is existed by the sample that measures in Fig. 5
X, the harmonic-mean of the equivalent length, width and height on two perspective planes Y (represents identical with the sample circumscribed rectangular body surface area etc.
Effect radius of sphericity) it is calculated:
D=3/ (1/lx+1/ly+2/(hx+hy)) (2)
lx、hx、ly、hyThe sample that respectively X, Y-direction measure is wide and height value.In the method, all test examinations are calculated
The breaking strength of sample.
The breaking strength that Fig. 7 gives sample after test is bent with the logarithmic coordinates scatter plot of sample change of size and fitting
Line, fitting result are as follows:
Log σ=- 0.745*logd+1.39, (3)
The breaking strength that silica sample can be obtained is approximately:
σ=24.5/d^0.745. (4)
By that can be tried to the force-displacement curve measured in sample shattering process progress numerical integration (as shown in Figure 6)
Crushing work in sample shattering process are as follows:
W is the crushing work of sample in formula, and F (u) is the force-displacement curve in sample shattering process, is measured due to experiment
Force-displacement curve is difficult to determine accurate F (u) expression formula, therefore the discrete point by measuring to experiment directly carries out numerical value meter
The mode of calculation, wherein n is to be crushed (F to sample since loadc) in data count, Fi, uiRespectively i-th data point
Power and shift value.
Fig. 8 gives the crushing work of sample after test with the logarithmic coordinates scatter plot of sample change of size and matched curve,
Fitting result are as follows:
LogW=1.73*logd+0.658 (6)
The crushing work that silica sample can be obtained is approximately
W=4.55*d^1.73 (7)
Fig. 9 is chopping block specimen surface damage morphologies figure after experiment, it can be seen from the figure that due to silica sample hardness
Remote super chopping block material hardness, therefore in sample shattering process serious pit and broken sample can be left in chopping block material surface
Embedded damage, the damage feature is consistent with specimen surface damage feature after wheel track interface stucco increasing stick, shows that sample was crushed
The material damage formed in journey is the important sources that wheel rail material damages during leading to stucco increasing stick.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiments of the invention, are not intended to restrict the invention.In practical applications, needle
To detection sample and test purpose difference, the present invention in experimental provision can do it is suitably modified, experimental method can with and should
There are corresponding adjustment and variation.With within principle, made any modification, changes equivalent replacement all spirit in the method for the present invention
Into etc., it should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of molecule sample shattering process research experiment device, the uniaxial compression as nonmetallic molecule sample is broken
Broken experiment, to measure its breaking strength and process, which is characterized in that connection is passed through by the driving motor (1) being arranged on rack (2)
Axis device (3) and rotational lead screw (4), which are linked, is constituted straight line pressure exerting arrangement to drive slide unit (6) to move up and down along guide post (5)；Pressure head
(10) collet (9) by setting in driving slide unit (6) is fixed, and the method to sample to be tested (11) is constituted with chopping block (12) cooperation
To load；Chopping block is arranged with pressure sensor (13)；It is placed in rotational lead screw (4) bottom end to be provided with encoder (15), driving is slided
The laser displacement sensor (8) of monitoring driving slide unit Yu guide post vertical displacement is provided on platform (6)；Encoder (15), laser position
The signal acquiring system that the monitoring signals of displacement sensor (8) and pressure sensor (14) constitute experimental provision imports plc data
Acquisition module；Sample in experiment is constituted by being placed in the portable microscope near chopping block (16) and high speed microscope camera (17)
The monitoring and recording system of shattering process.
2. experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: monitoring and recording system chopping block (12) institute in the plane
X, Y-direction is respectively disposed with microscope (16), for shooting Sample Image before experiment and measuring irregular sample at X, Y, Z tri-
The partial size of dimension is disposed with high speed microscope camera (17) in the X-direction other side in the plane in sample to be tested (11) institute, for remembering
Entire sample is recorded from by the real-time micro-image being pressed onto shattering process.
3. the experimental method of experimental provision according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that pressure head (10) and chopping block (12)
Material selected according to experiment purpose, in routine test use high rigidity steel alloy；Experimental procedure is as follows:
(1) prepare sample to be tested and sample is grouped according to experiment purpose, every group of preparation sample quantities 50-200；
(2) using microscope photographing test specimens in X, the micro-image of Y-direction before every group of experiment starts, and measurement sample exists respectively
X, the actual size of tri- dimensions of Y, Z；
(3) starting driving motor (1) with the loading velocity of setting carries out compression to sample to be tested until sample is broken, pressure sensing
Pressure under external trigger mode in automatic collection experimentation of device and laser displacement sensor, displacement signal, high speed are micro-
Camera record sample is from by being pressed onto broken whole process；
(4) after stopping experiment, the sample collected on pressure head and chopping block is crushed clast, is drawn using the pressure of acquisition, displacement signal
Force-displacement curve in sample shattering process determines the critical crushing force of sample according to the critical catastrophe point on force-displacement curve
And critical broken deformation, the crushing work that numerical integration calculates sample is carried out to the force-displacement curve in sample shattering process, according to
Form Development in the camera shooting analysis sample shattering process of high speed microscope camera (17)；
(5) it repeats to test, whole samples experiment until completing sample to be tested, the breaking strength of the Fitting Calculation sample to be tested is broken
Broken function, in addition can also broken type to sample, in sample shattering process caused by chopping block/pressure head material surface damage, broken
The particle diameter distribution etc. of sample is studied.
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| CN111157408A (en) * | 2020-01-05 | 2020-05-15 | 天津大学 | Method and device for measuring caking strength parameter of granular material through single solid bridge |
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| CN114136817A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-03-04 | 元能科技（厦门）有限公司 | Evaluation method for crushing strength of powder particles |
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