Jaw crusher
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a jaw crusher for crushing stone material, in particular hard to extremely hard and abrasive material.
Background
In this case, material is crushed between the first and second crusher jaws, at least one of the two crusher jaws being mounted on the moving jaw. In order to fasten the crusher jaw, the crusher jaw is clamped in the longitudinal direction between a mounting-accommodating member provided on the movable jaw and at least one clamping element which is in active contact with the crusher jaw. DE 1219774 a discloses a jaw crusher, the clamping elements of which are designed as wedges and which are tightened transversely against the crusher jaw to apply a clamping force.
Since the crusher jaw extends several millimeters during operation and the wedge clamping elements are usually self-locking, the disassembly of the crusher jaw is often laborious and sometimes also the wedge has to be broken.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new type of clamping device for a crusher jaw, which clamping device can be disassembled more easily.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
A jaw crusher for crushing stone material according to the invention has a first crusher jaw and a second crusher jaw, wherein at least one of the two crusher jaws is mounted on a movable jaw, and the crusher jaw is clamped in a longitudinal direction between at least one mounting-receiving member provided on the movable jaw and at least one clamping element in operative contact with the crusher jaw. In this case, at least one clamping element is guided in a guide, which is mounted on the moving jaw, so as to be movable substantially in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw.
This guidance is preferably performed in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw, however, directions of action deviating from +/-10 ° are also conceivable.
The adjustment of the clamping element in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw facilitates the disassembly, since the clamping element can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the crusher jaw adjusted by the operation after the clamping pressure has been removed.
According to the invention, at least one clamping element is held in contact with at least one resilient element, wherein the at least one resilient element has an active direction pressing the clamping element against the crusher jaw when the crusher jaw is clamped. The resilient element not only generates a clamping force, but also compensates for the longitudinal extension of the crusher jaw due to operation. In addition, the crusher jaw may be pre-tightened in a defined manner by a resilient element. Preferably, the direction of action of the at least one resilient element is substantially the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw. If for example two resilient elements are used, the resilient elements can alternatively also be inclined to the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw if the total direction of action is once again directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw.
Further embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
The clamping element is preferably designed in the form of a wedge. Thereby, the crusher jaw is first clamped in the longitudinal direction and the clamping element is simultaneously pressed against the crusher jaw.
The at least one elastic element may be formed by at least one acting cylinder and/or at least one compression spring. In this case, it can be provided that the at least one actuating cylinder and/or the at least one spring element are in operative contact at one end with the at least one clamping element and are supported at the opposite end on a bearing provided on the movable jaw. According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one spring element is formed by at least two compression springs which are arranged parallel to one another and are in operative contact with the clamping element. As a result, complete guidance is ensured and tilting of the clamping element is avoided.
In order to further simplify the disassembly, a pulling device can also be provided, which is connected to the clamping element and with which the clamping element can be moved counter to the direction of action of the at least one spring element. The traction means can be formed in particular by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable for at least one threaded shaft cooperating with a nut to serve as the pulling means. According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least one spring element is formed by an actuating cylinder designed as a pulling/pushing cylinder and is connected to the wedge-shaped clamping element for moving the wedge-shaped clamping element in a direction towards and away from the crusher jaw.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the crusher jaw mounted on the movable jaw consists of a plurality of sub-crusher jaws, which are mounted on the movable jaw one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw. In this case, for example, a plurality of mounting receiving members and a plurality of clamping devices are provided on the moving jaw, such that each of the sub-crusher jaws is clamped in the longitudinal direction between one of the mounting receiving members provided on the moving jaw and at least one of the clamping devices in operative contact with the sub-crusher jaw, wherein each clamping device has at least one clamping element which is guided in a guide mounted on the moving jaw so as to be movable substantially in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw.
Furthermore, a pressure adjustment device may be provided for adjusting the pressure exerted by the at least one resilient element on the clamping element in order to adapt the pressure to the material to be crushed and to the stress on the crusher jaw.
Drawings
Further embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following description of several exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a sectional view of a jaw crusher according to a first exemplary embodiment,
figure 2 shows a front view of the region of the clamping arrangement of figure 1,
figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view along line a-a of figure 2,
figure 4 shows a perspective view of a region of a clamping device according to a first exemplary embodiment,
figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a jaw crusher according to a second exemplary embodiment,
figure 6 shows a front view of a region of a clamping device according to a second exemplary embodiment,
figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view along the line B-B of figure 6,
figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view along the line C-C of figure 6,
figure 9 shows a perspective view of a region of a clamping device according to a second exemplary embodiment,
figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a jaw crusher according to a third exemplary embodiment,
figure 11 shows a detailed view of the region of the first clamping device of the third exemplary embodiment,
FIG. 12 shows a detail of the region of the second clamping device of the third exemplary embodiment, an
Fig. 13 shows a detail of the region of the third clamping device of the third exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a jaw crusher for crushing stone material, the jaw crusher having an inlet 1 for stone material, an outlet 2 for crushed stone material and a first crusher jaw 3 and a second crusher jaw 4. The first crusher jaw 3 is configured to swing the crusher jaw and is for this purpose mounted on a moving jaw 5. While the second crusher jaw 4 is arranged on a fixed support structure 6. At the upper part, the moving jaw 5 has a receiving member 7 to mount the moving jaw swingably on the jaw crusher. The moving jaw is driven in this region by means of an eccentric shaft 8. In the lower part of the movable jaw there is a support area 9, on which the movable jaw 5 is supported in a known manner on a pressure plate 10. In this case, the tie rods 11 ensure constant contact between the pressure plate 10 and the moving jaw 5. Between the two crusher jaws 3, 4a crushing gap 12 is formed, in which the stone material to be crushed is subjected to compressive stress due to the eccentrically driven first crusher jaw 3.
The first crusher jaw 3 is clamped in the longitudinal direction between a mounting receiving member 13 and at least one clamping device 14, the mounting receiving member 13 being arranged on the movable jaw 5, the at least one clamping device 14 being in operative contact with the first crusher jaw 3. The mounting receiving member 13 is formed, for example, by an undercut groove in which a lower, complementarily shaped end of the crusher jaw 3 is mounted.
The fastening of the first crusher jaw 3 in the area of the clamping device 14 will be further described below with reference to fig. 2 to 4. As can be seen from the front view in fig. 2, the clamping device 14 has two clamping elements 18 arranged next to one another. However, in principle, only one or more than two clamping elements are also conceivable. In the following, only one of the two clamping elements 18 will be discussed in more detail. The design in the region of the further clamping element is similarly configured. Each of the two wedge-shaped clamping elements 18 is guided in a guide 15 mounted on the movable jaw so as to be movable substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first crusher jaw 3. The guide 15 is formed here by two U-profiles 15a, 15b (fig. 4).
The clamping element 18 is pressed against the crusher jaw 3 by means of a resilient element configured as an action cylinder 16, which is supported on the abutment 17. The guide 15 and the abutment 17 are fastened to the movable jaw, for example by screwing or in another way detachably or non-detachably. The working cylinder 16, the working direction of which is in the longitudinal direction 3a of the first crusher jaw 3, is actuated by pressure medium (in particular oil or air) via a pressure medium connection 19. The pressure medium may be supplied manually or automatically. The pressure medium connection 19 is connected, if necessary, to an accumulator (not shown in any more detail). Due to the wedge-shaped shape of the clamping element 18, the first crusher jaw acts not only in the longitudinal direction 3a of the crusher jaw 3, but also in the transverse direction against the moving jaw 5. The pressure exerted by the action cylinder is dimensioned to ensure that the first crusher jaw is reliably mounted on the moving jaw.
For disassembling the first crusher jaw 3, a traction device 20 is provided, which traction device 20 is connected to the clamping element 18 and moves the clamping element 18 counter to the direction of action of the action cylinder 16. The pulling device is formed here by two threaded shafts 20a, 20b, which are fixedly connected to the clamping element 18 and interact with compression springs 20c, 20d for retracting the wedge-shaped clamping element 18. In this case, the compression spring is supported on the side of the abutment 17 facing away from the clamping element 18. The required pressure for the retraction is adjusted by means of nuts 20e, 20f, which are screwed onto the threaded shafts 20a, 20b by means of washers 20g, 20 h. As soon as it is desired to remove the first crusher jaw 3, the pressure on the action cylinder 16 is removed, so that the clamping element 18 is pulled back due to the pre-tensioned compression springs 20c, 20 d. In this case, the pressure on the compression springs 20c, 20d is removed.
Fig. 5 to 9 show a second exemplary embodiment of a jaw crusher, which differs from the first exemplary embodiment only in the clamping device 14'. To facilitate understanding, like reference numerals are used below to designate like parts.
The clamping element 18 of the second exemplary embodiment is likewise guided in the guide 15 (U-profile 15a, 15b) in the longitudinal direction 3a of the first crusher jaw 3. In order to establish the clamping pressure, two spring elements are provided for each clamping element 18, which two spring elements are formed here by a first compression spring 21a and a second compression spring 21b (in particular leaf springs), which are supported at one end on the clamping element 18 and at the other end on the shoulders 22a to 22b of the two threaded rods 23a, 23 b. The pressure exerted by the compression springs 21a, 21b on the clamping element 18 can be adjusted by means of nuts 24a, 24 b.
In the exemplary embodiment, a pulling device is also provided, which is formed here by a hydraulic or pneumatic pulling cylinder 25, which is connected to the clamping element 18 by a rod 26. The clamping force acting on the clamping element 18 is generated by pre-tensioned compression springs 21a, 21 b. When disassembling the first crusher jaw, the pulling cylinder is pressed and pulls the clamping element away from the crusher jaw against the force of the compression springs 21a, 21 b.
In the first exemplary embodiment, the clamping pressure is established by the acting cylinder 16, while the traction means are constituted by compression springs 20c, 20 d. In the context of the present invention, a third exemplary embodiment is also conceivable, in which the actuating cylinder 16 of the first exemplary embodiment is configured as a (hydraulic or pneumatic) double-acting cylinder, so that the actuating cylinder can perform both pushing and pulling work. A threaded shaft with the sides of the compression springs 20c, 20d is then not necessary or is essentially only used for holding the clamping element when the crusher jaw 3 is in the extended state.
Fig. 10 to 13 also show a third exemplary embodiment of a jaw crusher, which is characterized in that the crusher jaw mounted on the moving jaw 5 consists of a number of sub-crusher jaws 3a, 3b, 3c, which are mounted on the moving jaw 5 one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw. To this end, a plurality of mounting accommodation members 13a, 13b, 13c and a plurality of clamping devices 14a, 14b, 14c are provided on the movable jaw 5, such that each of the sub-crusher jaws 3a, 3b, 3c is clamped in the longitudinal direction between one of the mounting accommodation members 13a, 13b, 13c provided on the movable jaw and at least one of the clamping devices 14a, 14b, 14c in operative contact with the sub-crusher jaws 3a, 3b, 3c, each clamping device 14a, 14b, 14c having at least one clamping element which is guided in a guide mounted on the movable jaw 5 so as to be movable substantially in the longitudinal direction of the crusher jaw.
The clamping devices 14a, 14b, 14c can be designed, for example, according to the variant shown in fig. 1 to 9. In this case, the seats (Widerlager) for the clamping devices 14b and 14c can be formed in particular by the mounting receiving members 13a or 13b arranged directly above them.
Although in the exemplary embodiment shown, no specific protection of the clamping devices (14, 14', 14a, 14b, 14c) is shown, it may be advantageous to provide suitable covers or enclosures for the clamping devices to protect them from damage resulting from the crushing operation.
All three exemplary embodiments are characterized by the simple and quick possibility of disassembling the first crusher jaw 3.