CN109608356B - 一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物及其应用 - Google Patents

一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109608356B
CN109608356B CN201811538850.1A CN201811538850A CN109608356B CN 109608356 B CN109608356 B CN 109608356B CN 201811538850 A CN201811538850 A CN 201811538850A CN 109608356 B CN109608356 B CN 109608356B
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李飞
杨磊
周宇
陈轩
陈冬寅
蒋南
罗春霞
厉廷有
秦亚娟
王秀珍
张宏娟
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Abstract

一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2‑崁醇酯的衍生物及其应用,结构符合通式(I):
Figure DDA0001905776590000011
其中:R1为3‑4个碳原子的烷基,R2为‑H、1‑6个碳原子的烷基、4‑甲基哌嗪。该类化合物具有优异的神经保护作用,能够减少缺血损伤,可用于制备治疗脑卒中等疾病的药物。

Description

一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物及其 应用
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,具体涉及一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物及其应用。
背景技术
脑梗塞(缺血性脑卒中)具有高死亡率、高致残率、高复发率等特点,严重危害人类健康。由于脑组织结构精细复杂,对缺血缺氧损伤特别敏感且脆弱,迄今临床上少见疗效确切的治疗药物。
脑缺血条件下,兴奋性氨基酸(如谷氨酸)过度释放,引起N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)过度激活,通过NMDAR-PSD-95-nNOS的途径病理性释放一氧化氮(NO)。nNOS PDZ抑制剂N-(2-甲氧羰基乙酰基)-D-缬氨酸甲酯(ZLc-002,Nature Medicine 201420(9):1050-1054)在细胞模型中显示了明确的神经保护作用(南京医科大学学报2014,314-322)。遗憾的是,申请人发现:该类化合物未能在MCAO动物模型中表现出明确的神经保护作用。
Figure GDA0003201306000000011
(+)2-崁醇对中枢神经系统有双向调节和保护作用。一是对中枢的双向调节作用。冰片对中枢神经兴奋性有双向调节作用,既能“镇静安神”,又有醒脑作用。二是对中枢神经系统的保护作用。(+)2-崁醇对大脑还有保护作用,利于脑水肿恢复,保护脑缺血后继发损伤,改善受损觉醒能力。(+)2-崁醇还有促进神经胶质细胞分裂作用。(+)2-崁醇的副作用主要为过敏反应,大剂量的使用冰片会刺激胃肠道,导致出现恶心想吐、腹痛腹泻的情况,中枢神经也会过于兴奋最终导致惊厥、意识丧失、痉挛,严重者可能导致呼吸衰竭而亡。
申请人发现:无论是ZLc-002还是(+)2-崁醇,在较低浓度下均显示了良好的体外神经保护作用,但是浓度提高,未能获得更好的效果,甚至药效更差。申请人发现将ZLc-002中的缬氨酸甲酯的甲酯用2-茨醇酯代替,获得的目标物(1)不仅在细胞模型中,在低浓度下具有优异的神经保护作用,显著优于ZLc-002或(-)-2-茨醇,并且在较高浓度下仍然具有优异的神经保护作用,提示其具有更好的安全性。和ZLc-002不同的是,化合物1在MCAO动物模型中表现出优异的神经保护作用。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:本发明提供一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物及其应用,该类化合物具有优异的神经保护作用,能够减少缺血损伤,可用于制备治疗脑卒中等疾病的药物。
技术方案:一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物,结构符合通式(I):
Figure GDA0003201306000000021
其中:R1为3-4个碳原子的烷基,R2为-H、1-6个碳原子的烷基或4-甲基哌嗪。
上述一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物,优选结构为:
Figure GDA0003201306000000022
上述丙二酸酰化的氨基酸的2-崁醇酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗脑卒中等疾病药物中的应用。
治疗脑卒中等疾病药物,有效成分为上述丙二酸酰化的氨基酸的2-崁醇酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐。
有益效果:该类化合物具有优异的神经保护作用,能够减少缺血损伤,可用于制备治疗脑卒中等疾病的药物。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可使本领域技术人员可全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。实施例1:目标化合物的合成:
1.1目标化合物1的合成:
合成路线:
Figure GDA0003201306000000031
操作:在100mL的茄型瓶中加入Boc-D-Val(1.54g,10mmol),(+)2-崁醇(3.26g,15mmol),并加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,再向溶液中加入EDCI(3.6g 20mmol),和DMAP(2mmol),室温搅拌约6h,TLC监测反应进程,用磷钼酸显色。减压旋蒸,快速柱层析得到3.2g的无色油状物(流动相:石油醚:乙酸乙酯,体积比=20:1)。用10mL的乙酸乙酯溶解,通入干燥的HCl气体,反应15min后TLC监测反应完全后,减压悬干出现大量白色固体,用乙醚打浆,抽滤,得到白色固体1.7g。取用0.75g,用20mL二氯甲烷溶解,加入三乙胺(0.6g,6mmol),在0℃下滴加丙二酸单甲酯酰氯(0.4g,3mmol),30℃搅拌24h,TLC监测反应完全后,加入20mL水,用二氯甲烷10mL萃取三次后收集有机相,减压旋蒸,快速柱层析得到无色油状物0.7g(流动相:石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1,体积比)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,3H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.87-1.93(m,1H),2.20-2.26(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),3.75(s,3H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.2目标化合物2的合成:
目标化合物1取1.0g溶于9mL甲醇中,滴加NaOH(1mol/L)9mL,0℃继续搅拌15min后,30℃搅拌6h。旋蒸除去甲醇,剩余的液体用浓盐酸调pH值至2~3,乙酸乙酯50mL×4次萃取,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液蒸干。残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1,体积比),得到目标化合物2 0.6g。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.80-0.97(m,12H),1.14-1.32(m,3H),1.65-1.74(m,3H),1.85-1.92(m,1H),2.18-2.25(m,1H),2.32-2.36(m,1H),3.35(s,2H),4.53-4.57(m,1H),4.84-4.88(m,1H)。
1.3目标化合物3的合成:
取2mL乙醇,0℃滴加氯化亚砜0.2mL,搅拌15min后,加入0.2g目标化合物2,30℃搅拌6h。旋蒸除去溶剂。残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(流动相:石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1,体积比),得到目标化合物3 0.2g。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.99(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,6H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.86-1.93(m,1H),2.20-2.26(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),4.15(t,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.4目标化合物4的合成:
参考目标化合物3方法,以目标化合物2和异丙醇合成,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.36(m,9H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.87-1.94(m,1H),2.21-2.26(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.86-4.96(m,2H)。
1.5目标化合物5的合成:
参考目标化合物3方法,以目标化合物2和异丁醇合成,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,15H),1.15-1.34(m,6H),1.53-1.58(m,2H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.87-1.93(m,1H),2.20-2.27(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.65-4.68(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.6目标化合物6的合成:
参考目标化合物3方法,以目标化合物2和环戊醇合成,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,3H),1.66-1.76(m,9H),1.87-1.93(m,3H),2.19-2.26(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.66-4.69(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.7目标化合物7的合成:
参考目标化合物3方法,以目标化合物2和环己醇合成,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,3H),1.42-1.59(m,8H),1.66-1.83(m,5H),1.86-1.94(m,1H),2.20-2.26(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.59-4.63(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.8目标化合物8的合成:
参考目标化合物3方法,以目标化合物2和N-甲基哌嗪合成,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,3H),1.66-1.76(m,5H),1.85-1.93(m,3H),2.15-2.26(m,4H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),2.39-2.53(m,4H),3.36(s,2H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H),5.18-5.23(m,1H)。
1.9目标化合物9的合成:
参考目标化合物1方法,以Boc-D-Leu、天然2-崁醇、丙二酸单甲酯酰氯合成,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-1.02(m,9H),1.08-1.34(m,6H),1.52-1.56(m,2H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.87-1.93(m,1H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),2.78-2.86(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),3.75(s,3H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),4.86-4.90(m,1H)。
1.10目标化合物10的合成:
参考目标化合物1方法,以Boc-D-ILe、天然2-崁醇、丙二酸单甲酯酰氯合成,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.82-0.98(m,12H),1.15-1.34(m,3H),1.66-1.76(m,3H),1.87-1.93(m,3H),2.34-2.37(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),3.75(s,3H),4.76-4.90(m,3H)。
实施例2:目标化合物对神经保护作用
2.1原代神经元的培养
取孕龄为15~16d的ICR小鼠,颈椎脱臼后,将子宫与胎盘分离,依次将取出的胎鼠置于0.1%的新洁尔灭溶液、75%酒精中消毒。左手固定胎鼠,右手用眼科镊将颅盖骨分离,露出大脑半球,用眼科镊小心夹取两侧大脑皮层,置于放有10mL D-hanks的平皿中。全部取完后剥去脑膜置于另外1个放有10mL D-hanks的平皿中,然后再吸取5mL D-hanks洗涤1次。用弯镊将皮层剪碎,取出置于37℃孵箱的0.125%的胰酶(2mL 0.25%胰酶+2mL D-hanks)加到平皿中,再转移至小烧杯中,混匀后在孵箱中消化10min。从孵箱取出后,加入5mL DMEM+10%FBS终止消化,吹打混匀后,转移至离心管中,1500r/min,离心5min。弃去上清,再加入4mL DMEM+10%FBS,吹打混匀后,再次离心,1 500r/min,5min。将上清弃去,加入2mL神经元培养基(98mL Neurobasal Medium、2mL B27、50μmol/L L-glutamine 400μL、青霉素50μL、链霉素50μL),吹打使细胞分散,过400目筛。稀释10倍后,进行细胞计数,然后进行接种,24孔板每孔接种300μL,标记好后置于孵箱中培养。1d后换培养基,吸走120μL,再加450μL。第4天再次换液,吸走200μL,再加300μL。第7天,谷氨酸造模。
2.2谷氨酸损伤模型
先将24孔板每孔定容至300μL,然后每孔给药0.3μL,每个药物浓度设3个平行孔,30min后,每孔再给谷氨酸和甘氨酸各3μL,期间观察细胞状态,30min后全量换液,置于孵箱8h后收集培养基(胞外)。再用PBS洗涤2次后,加入300μL双蒸水,然后于-80℃反复冻融3次后收集(胞内)。-20℃保存。
2.3神经元细胞损伤抑制率的计算
漏出率=胞外测定值/(胞外测定值+胞内测定值)×100%。
抑制率=谷氨酸组漏出率-化合物组漏出率)/(谷氨酸组漏出率-对照组漏出率)×100%。
表1
Figure GDA0003201306000000061
实施例3:目标化合物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注的保护作用
3.1局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的制备
小鼠经2%水合氯醛(0.2mL/10g,i.p.)麻醉后,将动物仰卧固定于手术台上,沿颈正中切开皮肤,钝性分离颈部肌肉组织,暴露右侧颈总动脉(CCA)并小心游离;轻轻剥离伴行的迷走神经,结扎并剪断向内及浅表走向的颈外动脉分支(ECA);循颈内动脉(ICA)向前,在颅底附近有向外侧的分支动脉—翼腭动脉,将其分离结扎。CCA近心端以手术线结扎;结扎线的远端用眼科剪剪开小口,将手术用尼龙线(小鼠用8/0号)一段加热成圆珠状分别沿该小口处插入,插入约16-17mm(小鼠)感觉有轻微阻力时为止,提示线栓前端已经达到大脑前动脉。至此,大脑中动脉(MCA)的血液供应包括颈动脉和大脑韦氏环前交通支来源的血供均已阻断。根据标记判断插入线拴的深度。线拴的血管外部分结扎固定,防止线栓的滑脱。右侧脑缺血1h后,小心拔除线栓,结扎断端,实现缺血后的再灌注。缝合皮肤,回笼精心喂养。手术过程中保持动物体温恒定在37±0.5℃。
3.2目标化合物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注的保护作用
大脑中动脉阻塞模型可明导致缺血侧皮质及纹状体等部位的梗死,TTC染色后,正常组织呈现红色,梗死区域为白色。各组于脑缺血再灌注即刻立即尾静脉给药1次,于脑缺血后48小时评价神经缺陷症状,而后处死动物,取脑,TTC染色,观察染色后脑片的梗死面积(每组8只)。
表2目标化合物1对脑缺血神经缺陷症状、梗死面积的影响
化合物 神经缺陷症状评分 梗死面积
模型组 2.4±0.6 64.9±19.2
假手术组 0.5±0.5 2.3±2.1
溶剂组 2.2±0.7 61.4±20.2
2-崁醇组(1.0mg/kg) 1.8±0.8 56.7±12.4
2-崁醇组(2.0mg/kg) 1.7±0.6 55.3±12.6
ZLc-002组(2.0mg/kg) 2.1±0.9 60.3±15.8
ZLc-002组(4.0mg/kg) 2.2±0.8 59.9±13.9
化合物2(2.0mg/kg) 1.3±0.4 40.1±13.5
与模型对照组相比,目标化合物2可改善神经功能缺损评分,明显降低脑梗死面积,药效明显高于2-崁醇组或者ZLc-002组。

Claims (4)

1.一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物,其特征在于结构符合通式(I):
Figure FDA0003224539280000011
其中:R1为3-4个碳原子的烷基,R2为-H或1-6个碳原子的烷基。
2.一类丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物,其特征在于结构为:
Figure FDA0003224539280000012
Figure FDA0003224539280000021
3.权利要求1或2所述丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗脑卒中疾病药物中的应用。
4.治疗脑卒中疾病药物,其特征在于有效成分为权利要求1或2所述丙二酸单酯酰化的氨基酸(+)2-崁醇酯的衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐。
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