CN109603575B - Dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic membrane based on a nuclear track membrane and a preparation method and application thereof. The dynamic membrane comprises a nuclear pore membrane and a substrate; the substrate is located below the nucleopore membrane. Pore channels are uniformly distributed in the nuclear pore membrane; the thickness of the nuclear track membrane is 5-150 microns; the pore diameter is 0.01-40 microns; pore density of 1X 104Per square centimeter-5 x 109Per square centimeter; the thickness of the substrate is 5-150 microns; the pore diameter is 0.1-40 microns; the porosity is 30% -60%. The dynamic membrane further comprises a mud cake layer; the mud cake layer is positioned above the nuclear pore membrane. The dynamic membrane provided by the invention fully exerts the advantage of controllable pore diameter of the nuclear pore membrane, and has short membrane coating time and high filtration efficiency; the film can be repeatedly cleaned and is high temperature resistant. Can be applied to the filter membrane industry fields of sewage and wastewater treatment, oil-water separation, food and medicine, biochemical engineering and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, particularly relates to a dynamic membrane, and more particularly relates to a dynamic membrane based on a nuclear track membrane, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The nuclear pore membrane, also called nuclear microporous membrane or heavy ion microporous membrane, is made by punching holes on the insulating material film by heavy ions and then expanding the holes by chemical etching. Nuclear pore membranes are also known as the most delicate filter membranes in the world because almost all pores are identical in size and shape to one piece of nuclear pore membrane material. Nuclear pore membranes are currently used mainly in medical filtration and in civil filtration products.
The membrane separation technique is a technique of separating ions, molecules, or fine particles in a liquid mixture by utilizing the permeability of a membrane and acting a driving force. The membrane technology has the advantages of high filtration precision, small occupied area, energy conservation, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of food, medicine, biology, environmental protection, energy sources and the like. The biggest problem of engineering application of membrane separation technology is that membranes are easy to block; the membranes are inconvenient to clean and costly to maintain and use. The dynamic membrane technology is a potential scheme capable of replacing the traditional membrane technology and has good development prospect. The mechanism of the dynamic membrane is that a mud cake layer with a compact structure and a filtering function is artificially formed on the surface of the filter screen. And when the mud cake layer is blocked, removing the mud cake layer to form a new mud cake layer again and then continuing to filter. The core of the method is to attach impurity particles in the liquid to a mud cake layer so as to achieve the purpose of removing the impurity particles from the liquid. The method avoids the blockage of the membrane material, so the membrane material can be repeatedly used. And the membrane material is not limited to the traditional microfiltration and ultrafiltration small-pore-diameter membrane, the material is low in price and can be repeatedly used, so that the application cost of the whole membrane separation engineering is greatly reduced. Dynamic membrane technology has been successfully applied to the fields of industrial wastewater treatment, such as polymer manufacturing, dye, printing, textile and the like, juice concentration, protein interception, oil-water separation and the like. The dynamic membrane is researched more and more, the practical application is more and more, and the technology is predicted to have a huge development prospect.
Although the dynamic membrane concept has been proposed for many years, the development and promotion is still very limited compared to the conventional membrane. Despite the cost advantages of dynamic membranes, the operability and stability of dynamic membranes still limit the large area of engineering applications. Compared with the traditional membrane, the operation of the dynamic membrane needs to form a mud cake layer on the surface of a material by a coating or self-generation mode; and the process is relatively complex. Dynamic membranes initially used conventional microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes and were found to be too costly. Later, people adopted low-cost materials, including large-aperture materials such as non-woven fabrics, stainless steel meshes, nylon and the like. The main problem at present is that the pore diameter of the materials is in the range of 40-200 microns, and the time for forming a mud cake layer is 40-60 minutes. The time for forming the mud cake layer influences the utilization efficiency of engineering equipment and the water yield. The shorter the mudcake layer formation time, the higher the production efficiency and the water yield. Only when the particle size of the film forming material is close to the aperture of the filter screen can the mud cake layer be formed rapidly and effectively. Secondly, the filtering efficiency of the mud cake layer is related to the aperture of the filter screen, and when the aperture of the filter screen is too large, the filtering efficiency of the mud cake layer is deteriorated; and the pore diameter of the filter screen is too small, the water production flux of the mud cake layer is reduced. Different engineering applications require matching different cake layers, and thus dynamic membrane applications require a range of different pore size screen materials. The filter screen materials used at present are ultrafiltration membranes and microfiltration membranes which are expensive in cost, and the pore size of the small-pore-diameter membranes is generally below 5 microns; or a large-aperture filter screen with the aperture of more than 40 microns is difficult to ensure the stability and complexity of engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic membrane based on a nuclear pore membrane and a preparation method thereof, and a novel dynamic membrane is prepared by means of the controllability of a pore passage of the nuclear pore membrane and the structural characteristics of smooth and easy-to-clean surface. Thereby enhancing the filtering performance, the pollution resistance and the stability of the dynamic membrane in long-term operation.
The dynamic membrane provided by the invention sequentially consists of a mud cake layer, a nuclear pore membrane and a base material from top to bottom; in the dynamic membrane, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 5-150 microns, specifically 5-100 microns or 5-50 microns, more specifically 10 or 15 microns; a pore size of 0.01 to 40 microns, specifically 1 to 40 microns, more specifically 1 to 30 microns or 1 to 20 microns, most specifically 3 to 15 microns or 5 to 15 microns; pore density of 1X 104Per square centimeter-5 x 109One/square centimeter, specifically 1 × 105One/square centimeter-10 multiplied by 105One per square centimeter, more specifically 1X 105Per square centimeter-5 x 105Number per square centimeter, most specifically 1 × 1052 x 10 pieces/square centimeter53 x 10 pieces/square centimeter5One/square centimeter or 5X 105Per square centimeter; pore channels are uniformly distributed in the nuclear pore membrane; the channels may be arranged in various regular patterns;
the substrate has a thickness of 5 to 150 micrometers, specifically 20 to 100 micrometers, more specifically 20 to 50 micrometers, and most specifically 20, 40, or 50 micrometers; a pore size of 0.1 to 40 microns, specifically 10 to 40 microns, more specifically 10, 20 or 40 microns; the porosity can be 30% to 60%, specifically 40% to 60%, more specifically 50% to 60%.
The nuclear pore membrane is made of at least one material selected from PET, PC, PP, PVDF, PTFE and PI;
the material for forming the base material is non-woven fabric; the non-woven fabric is prepared from at least one of PP, PET and PE.
The thickness of the mud cake layer is 0.1-5 mm, specifically 0.5-5 mm or 1-3 mm, more specifically 1 mm, 2 mm or 3 mm; the pore size is 0.01 to 10 microns, specifically 0.01 to 1 micron or 0.01 to 0.5 micron, more specifically 0.01, 0.02 or 0.2 micron.
Various materials capable of forming a dense structure on the surface of the filter screen and having a filtering function are suitable, and may be, for example, at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, kaolin, fuller's earth, activated carbon, clay, gel, alumina, and hydrous zirconia.
The invention provides a method for preparing the dynamic membrane, which comprises the following steps:
1) compounding one side of the nuclear pore membrane with the base material to obtain a composite membrane;
2) and passing the pre-coating liquid through the composite membrane from the other side of the nuclear pore membrane, namely forming the mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane to obtain the dynamic membrane.
In the step 1) of the method, the compounding method is hot pressing;
specifically, in the hot pressing, the temperature is 80-200 ℃, specifically 80-120 ℃, more specifically 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃ or 120 ℃; the time is 10-30 seconds, specifically 10-20 seconds, more specifically 10 or 15 seconds; the pressure is 0.1-1 bar; in particular 0.2 or 0.5 bar;
the precoating liquid is a mixed liquid consisting of materials for forming the mud cake layer and water;
the concentration of the pre-coating solution is 0.2 to 20 g/l, specifically 0.2 to 1 g/l, more specifically 0.2 to 0.6 g/l, such as 0.5 g/l;
in the passing step, the filtration pressure is 0.1-5 bar, specifically 0.1-2 bar, such as 0.5 bar;
in the forming step, the forming time is 5 to 30 minutes, specifically 5 to 20 minutes, more specifically 15 to 20 minutes.
In addition, the application of the dynamic membrane prepared by the method in at least one of filtration, concentration, interception, separation and adsorption and the product which takes the dynamic membrane as a functional layer and can realize at least one of filtration, concentration, interception, separation and adsorption also belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Specifically, the filtration is filtration or precise filtration in wastewater treatment; the precise filtration is specifically infusion filtration, domestic water filtration protein solution filtration or Chinese medicine liquid filtration;
the concentration is liquid concentration; in particular to fruit juice concentration;
the interception is the interception of particulate matters and macromolecular substances; specifically protein entrapment;
the separation is solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation; in particular to solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation in industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, oil-water separation, landscape water or river course treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, a mud cake layer can be formed quickly and effectively; typically, dynamic membrane formation takes tens of minutes or even tens of minutes, and formation of a dynamic membrane mud cake layer using a nuclear pore membrane requires only a few minutes. This is mainly determined by the pore structure of the nuclear pore membrane. The pore canal of the nuclear pore membrane is a columnar pore canal, which is different from common ultrafiltration membranes and microfiltration membranes; most of the traditional membranes are sponge-like pore structures formed by a stretching method. The filtration mode of the nuclear pore membrane is sieve pore filtration, and all the pore diameters are equal in size, so that a mud cake layer is easily formed on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane. Therefore, the nuclear pore membrane is more suitable for being used as a dynamic membrane filter screen than the traditional ultrafiltration membrane and microfiltration membrane; compared with other large-hole screens, the aperture of the large-hole screen is generally more than 40 microns, and the time for forming the mud cake layer is long, generally more than half an hour.
Secondly, the cleaning can be carried out quickly and effectively. The pore diameter of the nuclear pore membrane is uniform, and the formed mud cake layer has a uniform structure. The nuclear pore membrane material has smooth surface and can completely recover flux after being cleaned. Effectively prolonging the service life of the dynamic membrane and improving the cleaning difficulty. s
Thirdly, different engineering requirements can be met. The pore diameter range of the existing nuclear pore membrane is minimum 0.01 micron, and the maximum pore diameter is 40 micron. Only when the pore size is close to the size of the filtered liquid, the dynamic membrane can be effectively formed, and a good filtering effect is achieved. 0.01-40 microns cover the size range of particles of conventional solutions and are effective in forming dynamic films. The pore diameter of the nuclear pore membrane is completely controllable, and a series of nuclear pore membranes with different pore diameters can be prepared, so that different engineering requirements are met.
Fourthly, the application of the nuclear track membrane is popularized. At present, the nuclear pore membrane is only used in the fields of precise filtration, such as infusion filtration, household filtration and the like. There are few cases in engineering applications. The main reason is that the nuclear pore membrane is thin and does not meet the requirement of mechanical property. And secondly, the nuclear pore membrane is made of thin material and has poor pollutant carrying capacity, a mud cake layer is easily and quickly formed, and the requirement of engineering application is not met. The invention adopts the compounding of the nuclear pore membrane and the non-woven fabric, and can solve the defects of thin nuclear pore membrane and poor mechanical property. Meanwhile, the defect that the nuclear pore membrane has poor dirt-holding capacity and is easy to form a mud cake layer is applied to the dynamic membrane, so that the dynamic membrane has the advantages. The invention can effectively treat sewage and wastewater, biological medicine and other fields popularized by the nuclear pore membrane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic membrane structure based on a nucleopore membrane.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane obtained in examples 1-6 before and after filtration of different liquids.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in example 1 before and after washing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 10 seconds, and the pressure is 0.5 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating liquid (0.2 g/L of aqueous solution of kaolin) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane after 20 minutes.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is kaolin, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 2 mm, and the aperture is 0.1 micron.
The material of the nuclear pore membrane is PET, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 15 microns, the pore diameter is 15 microns, and the pore density is 2 multiplied by 105Per square centimeter;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PET, the thickness was 50 micrometers, the pore diameter was 40 micrometers, and the porosity was 60%.
Example 2: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 100 ℃, the time is 15 seconds, and the pressure is 0.5 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating liquid (0.6 g/L of an aqueous solution of activated carbon) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane after 30 minutes.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is active carbon, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 1 mm, and the aperture is 0.02 micron.
The material constituting the nuclear pore membrane is PC, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 10 microns, the pore diameter is 5 microns, and the pore density is 1 multiplied by 105Per squareCentimeters;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PP, 40 μm in thickness, 20 μm in pore size, and 50% in porosity.
Example 3: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120 ℃, the time is 10 seconds, and the pressure is 0.5 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating liquid (0.5 g/L of diatomite aqueous solution) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane after 15 minutes.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is diatomite, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 3 mm, and the aperture is 0.01 micron.
The material for forming the nuclear pore membrane is PP, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 10 microns, the pore diameter is 3 microns, and the pore density is 3 multiplied by 105Per square centimeter;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PP, 40 μm in thickness, 10 μm in pore size, and 60% in porosity.
Example 4: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 100 ℃, the time is 10 seconds, and the pressure is 0.2 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating solution (0.5 g/L aqueous solution of bleaching earth) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane after 15 min.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is bleaching earth, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 2 mm, and the aperture is 0.01 micron.
The material for forming the nuclear pore membrane is PVDF, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 10 microns, the pore diameter is 3 microns, and the pore density is 5 multiplied by 105Per square centimeter;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PE, with a thickness of 20 microns, a pore size of 10 microns and a porosity of 50%.
Example 5: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 110 ℃, the time is 10 seconds, and the pressure is 0.2 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating solution (0.5 g/L of aqueous solution of hydrated zirconia) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nucleopore membrane after 30 minutes.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is hydrous zirconia, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 3 mm, and the aperture is 0.01 micron.
The material of the nuclear pore membrane is PTFE, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 10 microns, the pore diameter is 5 microns, and the pore density is 1 multiplied by 105Per square centimeter;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PET, the thickness was 20 micrometers, the pore diameter was 10 micrometers, and the porosity was 50%.
Example 6: dynamic membrane based on nuclear track membrane and preparation method thereof
A dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane was prepared as follows:
(1) compounding the nuclear track membrane and the non-woven fabric in a hot pressing mode, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 100 ℃, the time is 10 seconds, and the pressure is 0.2 bar to obtain a composite membrane;
(2) and (3) passing the pre-coating liquid (0.5 g/L of an aqueous solution of alumina) through the composite membrane obtained in the step 1) under the condition that the filtration pressure is 0.5 bar, and forming a mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane after 5 minutes.
The dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in the embodiment sequentially consists of a base material, the nuclear track membrane and a mud cake layer from bottom to top;
wherein, the material of the mud cake layer is alumina, the thickness of the mud cake layer is 2 mm, and the aperture is 0.1 micron.
The material constituting the nuclear pore membrane is PI, the thickness of the nuclear pore membrane is 10 microns, the pore diameter is 3 microns, and the pore density is 3 multiplied by 105Per square centimeter;
the nonwoven fabric as the substrate was PE, with a thickness of 20 microns, a pore size of 10 microns and a porosity of 50%.
The mechanical properties of the nanopore membranes used in examples 1-6 and the dynamic membranes based on the nanopore membranes obtained were tested, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 comparison of mechanical properties of nucleopore membranes and dynamic membranes based on nucleopore membranes
As can be seen from Table 1, the mechanical properties of the material are significantly enhanced after the compounding. The maximum strength is enhanced by about 3-8 times, the breaking strength is enhanced by 3-7 times, the mechanical property of the material is greatly improved, and the requirements of engineering application are met.
The dynamic membranes based on the nucleopore membranes obtained in examples 1 to 6 were filtered with different liquids, specifically tested as follows:
different filter media were passed through the dynamic membranes obtained in examples 1 to 6 at a filtration pressure of 0.5 bar, the membrane surface being waterproofed with stirring or aeration to form cross-flows. When the membrane is operated for a period of time and the flux is obviously attenuated, the mud cake layer and the mud layer are removed by flushing with water, and a dynamic membrane is formed again for filtering.
The results obtained are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 filtration efficiency of dynamic membranes based on nucleopore membranes
As can be seen from Table 2, the dynamic membrane based on the nucleopore membrane has obvious effect of removing turbidity and SS, the cleaning period is 2-6 months, and the service life of the membrane is 1-3 years.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the dynamic membrane based on a nucleopore membrane obtained in examples 1-6 before and after filtration of different liquids.
From the above, the filtering effect is obvious before and after filtering, and the effect of removing turbidity and particulate matter SS is obvious, and can meet different filtering application requirements.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic membrane based on the nuclear track membrane obtained in example 1 before and after washing.
From the above, since the surface of the nuclear track membrane is flat, a uniform dynamic membrane can be formed on the surface of the composite membrane. After the dynamic membrane filters domestic sewage, a sludge layer is formed on the surface. After the filtration is finished, the filter is washed by water, and the dynamic membrane and the sludge layer can be washed clean and completely recovered to the clean degree.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic membrane consists of a mud cake layer, a nuclear pore membrane and a base material from top to bottom in sequence;
pore channels are uniformly distributed in the nuclear pore membrane; the thickness of the nuclear track membrane is 5-150 microns; the pore diameter is 0.01-40 microns; pore density of 1X 104Per square centimeter-5 x 109Per square centimeter;
the thickness of the substrate is 5-150 microns; the pore diameter is 0.1-40 microns; the porosity is 30% -60%;
the thickness of the mud cake layer is 0.1-5 mm; the pore diameter is 0.01-10 microns;
the material constituting the base material is a nonwoven fabric.
2. The dynamic membrane of claim 1, wherein: the nuclear pore membrane is made of at least one material selected from PET, PC, PP, PVDF, PTFE and PI;
the non-woven fabric is made of at least one of PP, PET and PE.
3. The dynamic membrane of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the material constituting the mudcake layer is selected from at least one of diatomite, kaolin, fuller's earth, activated carbon, clay, gel, alumina and hydrous zirconia.
4. A method of making the dynamic membrane of any one of claims 1-3, comprising:
1) compounding one side of the nuclear pore membrane with the base material to obtain a composite membrane;
2) and passing the pre-coating liquid through the composite membrane from the other side of the nuclear pore membrane, namely forming the mud cake layer on the surface of the nuclear pore membrane to obtain the dynamic membrane.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step 1) of compounding, the compounding method is hot pressing;
the precoating liquid is a mixed liquid consisting of materials for forming the mud cake layer and water;
the concentration of the pre-coating liquid is 0.2-20 g/L;
in the passing step, the filtration pressure is 0.1-5 bar;
in the forming step, the forming time is 5 to 30 minutes.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the hot pressing, the temperature is 80-200 ℃; the time is 10-30 seconds; the pressure is 0.1-1 bar.
7. Use of a dynamic membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for at least one of filtration or microfiltration, liquid concentration, particulate and macromolecular entrapment, solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation and adsorption in wastewater treatment.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the precise filtration is infusion filtration, domestic water filtration protein solution filtration or Chinese medicine liquid filtration;
the concentration is juice concentration;
the entrapment is protein entrapment;
the separation is solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation in industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, oil-water separation, landscape water or river course treatment.
9. A product having as a functional layer the dynamic membrane of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is capable of performing at least one of filtration or microfiltration, liquid concentration, particulate and macromolecular substance rejection, solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation and adsorption functions in wastewater treatment.
10. The product of claim 9, wherein: the precise filtration is infusion filtration, domestic water filtration protein solution filtration or Chinese medicine liquid filtration;
the concentration is juice concentration;
the entrapment is protein entrapment;
the separation is solid-liquid separation and/or liquid-liquid separation in industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, oil-water separation, landscape water or river course treatment.
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