CN109602940A - 一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,包括高分子乳液20~90份,石墨烯0.01~2份,胶原蛋白1‑40份;其制备方法为:a.将高分子乳液乳化、石墨烯分散到水中;b.将石墨烯分散液与高分子乳液混合;c.加入胶原蛋白,搅拌均匀得到均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合分散液;d.将分散液注入模具模具中,在‑20℃下冷冻5h,最后在‑50℃、10pa条件下冷冻干燥24h。本发明制备的敷料具有良好的透气性、抗菌性、吸收渗液性能;制备中以水为溶剂,不含有机溶剂,采用冷冻干燥的加工方法,具有简洁方便,绿色环保,安全的特点,解决目前人工皮肤(敷料)制备过程中的溶剂污染和工艺复杂的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料应用领域,具体是一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料及其制备方法。
背景技术
皮肤是人体体表最大的器官,保护着人体器官免受病原体的侵入。对于小面积的皮肤损伤,皮肤的自愈合能力能够很好的满足需要。但是对于大面积的皮肤损伤(如烧伤,糖尿病足等)时,皮肤的自愈合能力就满足不了需要,由于皮肤大面积的损伤,同时伴随着体液的大量流失和伤口极易由于病原体的侵入而造成感染,这些不利因素严重影响着伤口的愈合情况甚至威胁着病人的生命。因此制备一种具有一定强度,韧性,吸收渗液维持伤口湿润的愈合环境,同时具有很好抗菌效果和促进伤口细胞增殖的人工皮肤是十分重要的。
人工皮肤产品的开发一直备受人们的关注。早在1977年,Yannas在专利US4060081中就公布了一种由萃取牛的I型胶原蛋白(肌腱)及氨基多糖(硫酸软骨素)交联形成的一种具有双层的人工皮肤,目前已成功商业化。虽然其具有一定的促进伤口愈合的能力,但是其在实际应用过程中具有一定的缺点如不能长期使用,力学强度较差,需要定期跟换上层硅橡胶,易造成伤口感染且增加了患者的痛苦。在专利US 2009/0232878 A1中描述了一种由针织尼龙网和硅橡胶复合的双层人工皮肤,其能够给伤口提供很好的保护,但是在使用过程中,不能长期使用,同时由于其孔径较大不能完全抵挡外界细菌的侵入也起不到防水的效果。在US 6,900,055 B1中公开了一种用于细胞和组织生长的多孔硅橡胶制品的制备方法。类似专利如在CN107488268A,U.S.Pat.No2010/0075056A1,CN107312188A专利中都介绍了一种双层人工皮肤的制备方法,都具有很好的透气性和促进伤口愈合的能力,但是在制备过程中都引入了有机溶剂,不符合绿色环保的理念。
石墨烯是由单原子厚碳原子紧密堆积成蜂窝状二维(2D)材料,其具有良好的机械性能,热性能和电性能,使得其得到广泛的应用。石墨烯作为石墨烯的一类衍生物,其表面还有大量的羧基,羟基等亲水性基团,使得其能在水中稳定分散和形成稳定均一的溶液。研究人员研究了石墨烯的生物相容性,细胞毒性和抗菌性,研究结果表明石墨烯具有优越的生物相容性,其独特的纳米结构使其具有很好的抗菌性,并且不会对细菌产生耐药性,同时研究结果表明石墨烯能够有效的促进细胞增殖。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料及其制备方法,该敷料具有良好的透气性、抗菌性、吸收渗液性能;高分子基体为水性高分子乳液,因而制备中以水为溶剂,不含有机溶剂,采用冷冻干燥的加工方法,具有简洁方便,绿色环保,安全的特点,解决目前人工皮肤(敷料)制备过程中的溶剂污染和工艺复杂的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,包括以下质量分数的原料:高分子乳液20~90份,石墨烯0.01~2份,胶原蛋白1-40份。
进一步的,所述复合敷料的各原料的重量份数为:高分子乳液30~60份,石墨烯0.01~0.5份,胶原蛋白2-30份。
进一步的,所述石墨烯选自单层氧化石墨烯、少层氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、功能化石墨烯、石墨烯微球、氧化石墨烯微球、还原氧化石墨烯微球之一。
进一步的,所述胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白、II型胶原蛋白、III型胶原蛋白、V型胶原蛋白和XI型胶原蛋白中的一种或几种。
进一步的,所述高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯乳液、聚二甲基硅氧烷乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液中的一种或几种。
一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a.将高分子乳液在乳化机下乳化30min,得到均匀的乳液;
b.将石墨烯加入到离子水中(按100ml水0.01-0.5份石墨烯的比例),通过超声分散得到均一的石墨烯分散液;
c.将石墨烯分散液加入到乳化后的高分子乳液中,通过超声搅拌得到均匀分散的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液;
d.将胶原蛋白加入到步骤(c)的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液中,进行搅拌,直至胶原蛋白均匀的分散在乳液中,得到均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合分散液;
e.将均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合液注入模具模具中,在-20℃下冷冻5h,最后在-50℃、10pa条件下冷冻干燥24h。
进一步的,步骤(b)中,超声时间为30-60min,温度为10-35℃,所述石墨烯为纯化的石墨烯,该纯化过程为:先将石墨烯超声分散在水中,离心洗涤三次得到纯化的石墨烯。
进一步的,所述石墨烯分散液与高分子乳液的超声搅拌时间为30-60min,温度为20-30℃。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过将不同的胶原蛋白和石墨烯与水性高分子乳液复合,制备了具有多孔的复合伤口敷料,该方法不含有机溶剂,符合环保要求且具有很好的生物相容性和安全性;石墨烯和胶原蛋白的复合,使敷料具有促进伤口细胞增殖、伤口的自清洁和抗菌效果;由于该复合伤口敷料的多孔结构,使其能够在吸收多余伤口渗液的同时具有很好的透气性,进而维持伤口表面湿润的愈合环境,减少伤口结痂造成伤疤的产生,同时,减少伤口感染的风险,促进伤口细胞增殖,加速伤口愈合。
另外,采用冷冻干燥的方法,可以按照要求调整多孔膜的孔径,从而达到最好的透气效果。
附图说明
图1为不同石墨烯含量的敷料中,各组分的复合图,石墨烯含量分别为0(左上)、0.1(右上)、0.5(左下)、1.0(右下);
图2为水蒸气透过率实验图;
图3为敷料的生物相容性实验图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料中原料的重量份数:石墨烯0.01份,高分子乳液50份,胶原蛋白20份。
所述石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯,高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯乳液,所述胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白。
用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
a.将高分子乳液在乳化机下乳化30min,得到均匀的乳液;
b.将石墨烯超声分散在水中,离心洗涤三次,得到纯化后的石墨烯,再将纯化后的石墨烯加入到100ml离子水中,并在25℃下超声分散30min得到均一的石墨烯分散液;
c.将石墨烯分散液加入到乳化后的高分子乳液中,在30℃下通过超声搅拌60min得到均匀分散的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液;
d.室温下,将胶原蛋白加入到步骤(c)的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液中,进行搅拌,直至胶原蛋白均匀的分散在乳液中,得到均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合分散液;
e.将均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合液注入模具模具中,在-20℃下冷冻5h,最后在-50℃、10pa条件下冷冻干燥24h。
实施例2
一种用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料中原料的重量份数:石墨烯0.5份,高分子乳液50份,胶原蛋白40份。
所述石墨烯为功能化石墨烯,高分子乳液为聚二甲基硅氧烷乳液,所述胶原蛋白为II型胶原蛋白。
用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
a.将高分子乳液在乳化机下乳化30min,得到均匀的乳液;
b.将石墨烯超声分散在水中,离心洗涤三次,得到纯化后的石墨烯,再将纯化后的石墨烯加入到100ml离子水中,并在35℃下超声分散60min得到均一的石墨烯分散液;
c.将石墨烯分散液加入到乳化后的高分子乳液中,在20℃下通过超声搅拌60min得到均匀分散的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液;
d.室温下,将胶原蛋白加入到步骤(c)的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液中,进行搅拌,直至胶原蛋白均匀的分散在乳液中,得到均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合分散液;
e.将均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合液注入模具模具中,在-20℃下冷冻5h,最后在-50℃、10pa条件下冷冻干燥24h。
实施例3
一种用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料中原料的重量份数:石墨烯1份,高分子乳液80份,胶原蛋白10份。
所述石墨烯为石墨烯微球,高分子乳液由聚丙烯酸酯乳液与聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液等质量组成,所述胶原蛋白为IV型胶原蛋白。
用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料的制备方法,同实施例1。
实施例4
一种用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料中原料的重量份数:石墨烯0.1份,高分子乳液70份,胶原蛋白30份。
所述石墨烯为氧化石墨烯微球,高分子乳液为聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液,所述胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白和II型胶原蛋白。
用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料的制备方法,同实施例1。
实施例5
一种用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料中原料的重量份数:石墨烯0.05份,高分子乳液40份,胶原蛋白40份。
所述石墨烯为还原氧化石墨烯微球,高分子乳液为聚二甲基硅氧烷乳液,所述胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白。
用于制备多孔复合伤口敷料的制备方法,同实施例1。
从图1看出,水性聚氨酯/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料中,胶原和石墨烯能够很好的与WPU(水性聚氨酯)复合。
从图2可以看出,多孔复合敷料膜具有很好的水蒸气透过率,最高高达1800g/(m2.24h),满足敷料的使用要求。
从图3看出,水性聚氨酯多孔膜具有很好的生物相容性,满足敷料的生物安全性要求。
Claims (8)
1.一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,其特征在于,包括以下质量分数的原料:高分子乳液20~90份,石墨烯0.01~2份,胶原蛋白1-40份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,其特征在于,所述复合敷料的各原料的重量份数为:高分子乳液30~60份,石墨烯0.01~0.5份,胶原蛋白2-30份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,其特征在于,所述石墨烯选自单层氧化石墨烯、少层氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、功能化石墨烯、石墨烯微球、氧化石墨烯微球、还原氧化石墨烯微球之一。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,其特征在于,所述胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白、II型胶原蛋白、III型胶原蛋白、V型胶原蛋白和XI型胶原蛋白中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料,其特征在于,所述高分子乳液为水性聚氨酯乳液、聚二甲基硅氧烷乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液中的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求1~5所述的任一一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a.将高分子乳液在乳化机下乳化30min,得到均匀的乳液;
b.将石墨烯加入到离子水中,通过超声分散得到均一的石墨烯分散液;
c.将石墨烯分散液加入到乳化后的高分子乳液中,通过超声搅拌得到均匀分散的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液;
d.将胶原蛋白加入到步骤(c)的石墨烯与高分子乳液混合液中,进行搅拌,直至胶原蛋白均匀的分散在乳液中,得到均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合分散液;
e.将均匀分散的高分子乳液/胶原蛋白/石墨烯混合液注入模具模具中,在-20℃下冷冻5h,最后在-50℃、10pa条件下冷冻干燥24h。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,超声时间为30-60min,温度为10-35℃,所述石墨烯为纯化的石墨烯,该纯化过程为:先将石墨烯超声分散在水中,离心洗涤三次得到纯化的石墨烯。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种多孔高分子/胶原/石墨烯复合敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨烯分散液与高分子乳液的超声搅拌时间为30-60min,温度为20-30℃。
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