CN109601408A - A kind of High aititude mountain area yak raises feed system - Google Patents
A kind of High aititude mountain area yak raises feed system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601408A CN109601408A CN201910132492.2A CN201910132492A CN109601408A CN 109601408 A CN109601408 A CN 109601408A CN 201910132492 A CN201910132492 A CN 201910132492A CN 109601408 A CN109601408 A CN 109601408A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
- A01K5/02—Automatic devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to livestock-raising fields, and in particular to a kind of High aititude mountain area yak raises feed system.A kind of feeding system, including cowshed, domed upward at least two layers of the roof of cowshed top setting, perforation setting ventilating skylight among each roof, the cross section in setting ventilation storehouse on the skylight, the ventilation storehouse is domed upward on skylight, the arch both ends perforation ventilation.Ox is fed using feeding system provided by the invention and method, the yak raising winter death rate is can effectively reduce, shortens yak marketing time, improves yak meat level.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to livestock-raising fields, and in particular to a kind of High aititude mountain area yak raises feed system.
Background technique
Yak is one of the mammal for being grown in height above sea level highest place, is mainly distributed on the Himalaya and Qinghai-Tibet is high
Original, living environment have the characteristics that High aititude, hypoxemia, the temperature difference are big, winter is extremely cold.Simultaneously as history, natural conditions
Deng many-sided reason, yak, which is fed still to mostly rely on, herds yard feeding pattern extremely traditional in this way, locates yak for a long time
In the vicious circle of " Xia Zhuan, autumn fertilizer, the winter is thin, the spring is dead ".Yak reaches current year weight peak value annual 10~November, then loses flesh
Seriously, weight constantly declines, and grows in " zigzag ", and finished cattle is caused often even to can be only achieved out field mark within 6 years old by 5 years old
It is quasi-.
Although its fat content is relatively low simultaneously, and the more common beef cattle of mouthfeel is more thick in addition, the meat protein of yak is high
It is rough.This phenomenon is influenced by many factors, and there has been no preferable solutions at present.
Therefore it provides a kind of reduction yak raising winter death rate, shortening yak marketing time, raising yak meat are horizontal
Yak raising, feed system, have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reduction yak raising winter death rate, shorten yak marketing time, raising yak
The yak raising of beef matter level, feed system.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of feeding system, including cowshed, institute
Domed upward at least two layers of the roof of setting at the top of cowshed is stated, perforation setting ventilating skylight, the day among each roof
The cross section in setting ventilation storehouse on window, the ventilation storehouse is domed upward on skylight, the arch both ends perforation ventilation.
Preferably, the roof includes the first roof and the second roof, forms interlayer between two roof, in the interlayer
Insulating layer is set, and the insulating layer is flexible material；On the cowshed, the corresponding two pairs of side wall upper parts of roof arch extended surface,
It is symmetrical arranged the cavity that is connected to interlayer, on the cowshed inner sidewall, cavity corresponding position, spool arranged symmetrically, the spool
Axle center be connected respectively with the output end of rotating electric machine；The both ends of the insulating layer are rotating around on two spools.
Preferably, the insulating layer is at least made of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, first insulating layer and
The face length of two insulating layers is all larger than the overall length equal to roof sandwich, and the center of first insulating layer is arranged and leads to
Wind day window shape, the corresponding through-hole of size；Center setting and the ventilating skylight shape, size phase of second insulating layer
Corresponding ventilation hole covers vent material on the ventilation hole.
Preferably, the insulating layer further includes third insulating layer, and the face length of the third insulating layer is more than or equal to
Ventilation hole corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size, institute is arranged in the center of roof sandwich overall length, the third insulating layer
State covering ventilation thermal insulation material on ventilation hole.
Preferably, first insulating layer and third edge insulating layer pass through at least three traction ropes respectively and are wound on each spool
On, a wherein traction rope is located in the middle part of each edge insulating layer, and two traction ropes are located at each insulating layer both sides of the edge.
Preferably, 1 set of feeding device is at least set inside the cowshed, and the feeding device includes being set in cowshed
The cylinder-shaped feeder in portion, the feeder includes the swingle of external rotating electric machine that is being vertically arranged at center, described
Uniformly distributed three pieces rotating vane, the rotating vane are bonded with feeder inner sidewall on swingle, can under the drive of swingle
Feeder internal rotating；The feeder bottom is arranged discharge port, the discharging mouth-shaped, size and two panels rotating vane and plus
Shape that glassware inner sidewall surrounds, size are corresponding；Hopper is correspondingly arranged below the discharge port；And/or；The hopper bottom
Weight sensor is set.
Preferably, bracket is arranged in the cowshed middle and upper part, and the feeder is fixed on bracket；And/or；The feeder
Bottom, discharge port are with exterior domain, and uniformly distributed sieve pore, the sieve diameter is less than minimum diameter to be fed intake；It is right below the sieve pore
Feed accumulator tank should be set.
Preferably, the cowshed ground is tilted to side, and tilt angle is 5~15 °.
Correspondingly, a kind of method using feeding system feeding yak.
Preferably, using the feeder, microbial fermentation fine fodder-coarse fodder mixture is first fed, then feed fine fodder, finally
Feed coarse fodder.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention provides a kind of systems for feeding yak for high altitude localities saves in conjunction with local architectural feature
Construction cost.The system can it is easy, easily according to real-time condition adjustment ventilation, keeping warm mode, provided well for yak
Living environment.This system provides special feed system also directed to the nutritional need of finished cattle, avoids yak particular about food, protects
Nutrition intake needed for demonstrate,proving the yak same day, and it is easy to operate, without manually feeding repeatedly, save a large amount of manpower financial capacities.
2, the present invention is based on the systems for feeding yak, in conjunction with yak own physiological feature, provide a kind of completely new
Feed Niu Fangfa.Traditional Niu Fangfa that feeds is divided into three kinds, the first is fine fodder after first coarse fodder, and this mode is conducive to the normal hair of cud
Movement is educated and ruminates, but yak, after excessive coarse fodder of searching for food, can not often search for food fine fodder needed for the complete same day, be unfavorable for fattening
The feeding fat of ox；It is for second coarse fodder after first fine fodder, this mode allows yak first to search for food sufficient important nutritional ingredient, is suitable for educating
Fat cow, but first hello fine fodder can not activate cud, and Long-term Feeding is easy the disease for allowing ox digestion aspect occur；The third is smart coarse fodder
Mixed feeding (TMR), this mode seem ideal, will fine fodder needed for the same day and coarse fodder mix after allow and yak while searching for food, both
The normal stool that ensure that yak in turn ensures the nutrition intake of yak, but when practical operation, and yak is very easy to occur particular about food
Behavior, in face of the smart coarse fodder of mixing, yak can be selected feed using mouth and nose, first select palatability more preferably fine fodder eat
With being finally left a large amount of coarse fodders, practical feeding effect is similar with coarse fodder after first fine fodder, or even because part fine fodder is covered by coarse fodder
Lid, selects difficulty, causes yak to fine fodder and coarse fodder all insufficiency of intakes.The present invention is touched by numerous studies in conjunction with feed system
Rope goes out a set of completely new feeding method: first essence thick mixture of the feeding part containing microorganism, help activate cud, promote digestion；
System detection, by after feeding completely, can just add fine fodder to smart thick mixture, avoid the coarse fodder in smart thick mixture from being left, essence
Material guarantees whole intakes of the same day important nutritional ingredient；After system detection is searched for food completely to fine fodder, then coarse fodder is fed, guarantees yak
The stomach of ox moves, and ox is allowed to have enough.
3, present invention physiological characteristic also special based on feed system and feeding method and yak, provides and improves yak
The feed addictive and feed of meat.The feed link has overregulated the expression quantity of yak part lower oxygen concentration resistance gene, is maintaining yak
In the case where hypoxia-resistant capacity and normal health, the extremely significant meat for improving yak is horizontal, while effectively helping yak
Prevent the generation of disease of digestive tract.Using feed system provided by the invention and method for breeding, finished cattle can be at 3 years old or so
Reach the level of delivering for sale, greatly shortens feeding time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is perspective view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the perspective view in present invention ventilation storehouse；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of insulating layer of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of feeder of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For existing problems during the feeding of existing yak: heat preservation and the contradiction of ventilation, yak be thick-and concentrated feed raises
The contradiction fed provides a kind of completely new feeding system.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, a kind of feeding system, in particular for the raising feed system of High aititude mountain area yak, including
Domed upward at least two layers of roof is arranged at the top of the cowshed 10 for cowshed 10, perforation setting ventilation among each roof
Skylight, setting ventilation storehouse 56 on the skylight, the cross section in the ventilation storehouse 56 on skylight it is domed upwards, the arch two
End perforation ventilation.
It should be understood that external wind will not directly enter vertically into inside cowshed 10, but pass through the side in ventilation storehouse 56
Enter cowshed 10 into ventilation storehouse 56, then from the skylight between ventilation storehouse 56 and roof, on the one hand weakens into wind in cowshed 10
On the other hand the size of power also achieves the air circulation in cowshed 10.Preferred scheme are as follows: realize logical in the ventilation storehouse 56
Openable and closable door is accordingly arranged in the two sides of wind, realizes being closed completely under extremely cold weather.It is of course also possible to which roof is outermost
Layer and the door in ventilation storehouse 56 are all accordingly set as felt cloth, and are correspondingly arranged velcro, velcro in the door bottom in ventilation storehouse 56
It can be bonded to each other and tear with felt cloth.Usually the door in storehouse 56 of divulging information is rolled, when needing to close, door is put down into bonding i.e.
Can, it is at low cost, effect of becalming is good, and be easy storage and use.
Preferred scheme are as follows: as shown in figure 3, the ventilation storehouse 56 is all by felt cloth or other flexible, wind screen materials
It is made, a plurality of rib cage is set on bulkhead and props up ventilation storehouse 56, facilitates installation, dismounting, storage.The rib cage may be arranged as
Retractable structure, such as telescopic rod realize the adjustment of ventilation 56 Hatch Opening size of storehouse, to realize by adjusting the length of rib cage
The adjustment of intake.
Preferred scheme are as follows: the roof includes the first roof 51 and the second roof 52, forms folder between two roof
Layer, the interlayer is interior to be arranged insulating layer 53, and the insulating layer 53 is flexible material；On the cowshed 10, roof arch extended surface
Corresponding two pairs of side wall upper parts, are symmetrical arranged the cavity 11 that is connected to interlayer, on 10 inner sidewall of cowshed, the correspondence of cavity 11 position
It sets, is symmetrical arranged spool 54, the axle center of the spool 54 is connected with the output end of rotating electric machine respectively；The two of the insulating layer 53
End is rotating around on two spools 54.Preferred scheme are as follows: as shown in figure 4, the insulating layer 53 is at least by the first insulating layer 531
It is formed with the second insulating layer 532, the face length of first insulating layer 531 and the second insulating layer 532 is all larger than equal to room
Through-hole corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size is arranged in the center of the overall length of top interlayer, first insulating layer 531；
The center of second insulating layer 532 is arranged ventilation hole corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size, on the ventilation hole
Waterproof vent material is covered, the macromolecule Water-proof breathable fabric being combined such as PTFE and cloth.Preferred scheme are as follows: described
Insulating layer 53 further includes third insulating layer 533, and it is total that the face length of the third insulating layer 533 is more than or equal to roof sandwich
Long, ventilation hole corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size, the ventilation is arranged in the center of the third insulating layer 533
Waterproof ventilation thermal insulation material is covered on hole.The material thermal insulation property of 533 center of third insulating layer is better than the second heat preservation
The material thermal insulation property of 532 center of layer；The material gas permeable performance of 533 center of third insulating layer is weaker than the second guarantor
The material gas permeable performance of warm 532 center of layer.
It will be appreciated that insulating layer 53 is wound on spool 54, different guarantors can be realized by the cooperation of two spools 54
The switching of warm layer 53 easily realizes cowshed 10 so that ventilation hole, vent material, ventilation thermal insulation material be made to be adapted to skylight respectively
Interior different ventilations, the switching of keeping warm mode.
Preferred scheme are as follows: first insulating layer 531 and 533 edge of third insulating layer pass through at least three respectively and lead
Messenger is wound on each spool 54, and a wherein traction rope is located at each 53 marginal center of insulating layer, and two traction ropes distinguish position
In each 53 both sides of the edge of insulating layer.It will be appreciated that the setting of traction rope guarantees that insulating layer 53 is constantly in formation state, no
Partial region is accumulated, is squeezed during will appear volume, to can not continue situations such as stretching, switching.
1 set of feeding device is at least set inside the cowshed 10,1 set of feeding device is also shown only in figure, so only
In order to facilitate displaying, in actual use, installation needs the feeding device of quantity as needed.It is accordingly set between each feeding device
Fence and position limiting structure are set, these structures belong to the highly developed prior art, do not show that in figure, technical staff is according to need
It is select and set.
Preferred scheme are as follows: the feeding device includes the cylinder-shaped feeder 30 for being set to 10 middle and upper part of cowshed.Institute
10 middle and upper part of cowshed setting bracket 60 is stated, the feeder 30 is fixed on bracket 60.Bracket 60 is frame structure, and non-board
Face will not influence the ventilation inside cowshed 10.As shown in figure 5, the feeder 30 includes that setting is vertically arranged at center
, the swingle 33 of external rotating electric machine, uniformly distributed three pieces rotating vane 32 on the swingle 33, the rotating vane 32 with plus
The fitting of 30 inner sidewall of glassware, can be under the drive of swingle 33 in 30 internal rotating of feeder.It will be appreciated that each rotation
The edge of rotating vane piece 32 connects to form equilateral triangle, and each rotating vane 32 will be divided into volume inside feeder 30 3 parts identical,
Form 3 feed bins.Every part of cross section forms flaabellum shape centered on swingle 33.32 height of rotating vane is smaller
In 30 height of feeder, rotated in feeder 30 convenient for rotating vane 32, while realizing maximum charging volume.The charging
Discharge port 31 is arranged in 30 bottom of device, and 31 shape of discharge port, size and two panels rotating vane 32 and 30 inner sidewall of feeder enclose
At shape, size it is corresponding.It will be appreciated that the shape of the discharge port 31, size and one of flabellum shape are big
It is small corresponding.It is correspondingly arranged hopper 40 below the discharge port 31, guarantees that feed is entirely fallen in hopper 40 from discharge port 31.More
Preferred scheme are as follows: 40 bottom of hopper also sets up weight sensor；Experience hopper 40 weigh less than limit weight when,
Weight sensor transmits a signal to controller, and control motor driven swingle 33 rotates, so that rotating vane 32 be driven to rotate, makes
Next feed bin is rotated to 31 top of discharge port, and realization feeds intake.
Preferred scheme are as follows: 30 bottom of feeder, discharge port 31 are with exterior domain, also uniformly distributed sieve pore, the sieve pore
Diameter is less than minimum diameter to be fed intake；Feed accumulator tank is correspondingly arranged below the sieve pore.It will be appreciated that rotating through
Cheng Zhong inevitably results from some powders, if cleared up not in time, is on the one hand easy to block rotating vane 32, another
Aspect, most of powder can be discharged from discharge port 31, pollute the environment in cowshed 10；Fall into the powder of hopper 40, ox is also almost
It will not search for food, cause greatly to waste.After sieve pore is set, this part powder and particle can be collected, carry out recycling benefit
With.
Preferred scheme are as follows: 10 ground of cowshed is tilted to side, and tilt angle is 5~15 °.Inclination in diagram
Angle is intended merely to show clear, not actual angle of inclination.Fecaluria collecting pit is accordingly arranged (in figure not in the end of sloping floor
It shows).Preferred scheme are as follows: spray head (not shown) can also be arranged in the starting point of ground inclination, on the one hand can spray
Drug, clear water are spilt, on the other hand fecaluria can also be rushed at fecaluria collecting pit by side Niu Qingxi, disinfection.Meanwhile being obliquely installed
Ground also can satisfy yak hobby and crouch in the habit on the ground with certain slope.
The present invention is also based on the raising feed system, a kind of completely new yak method for breeding is provided, mainly for 2~3
The finished cattle in year.Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) according to local Dominant variety, prepare coarse fodder, preferably coarse fodder is highland barley stalk, and coarse fodder chopping is 3~5cm's
Length facilitates yak to feed, and also avoids blocking feeder 30；Prepare fine fodder；Utilize coarse fodder and fine fodder preparing microorganism fermentation essence
Material-coarse fodder mixture.
(2) fine fodder for meeting yak nutritional need on the one, coarse fodder are put into respectively in two feed bins of feeder 30, is kept
Described two equal misalignment discharge ports 31 of feed bin；Microbial fermentation fine fodder-coarse fodder mixture is direct plungeed into hopper 40.Its
In, the weight ratio of fine fodder and coarse fodder is 2:8~3:7.
(3) after detecting that the feed in hopper 40 is searched for food, rotating vane 32 is rotated, fine fodder is put into hopper 40
It is interior；After detecting that fine fodder is searched for food, it is rotated further by rotating vane 32, coarse fodder is put into hopper 40.
During entire feeding, guarantee ox free water.
Wherein, the formula of the fine fodder are as follows: in parts by weight, 10~15 portions of highland barleys, 35~45 parts of corns, 35~45 parts of beans
The dregs of rice, 0.5~1 part of VC, 0.5~1 part of VE, 1~2 part of feed addictive.
The fine fodder the preparation method comprises the following steps: each component is added in blender, 20~35 parts of water are added, powder at 25~35 DEG C
Broken, stirring mixes, and continues 2~3h of stirring, and extrusion forming, drying at room temperature is to get required feed.
Wherein, the formula of the feed addictive are as follows: in parts by weight, 10~15 parts of stocks twist blue, 3~5 parts of total soaps of Radix Notoginseng
Glycosides, 3~5 parts of jamaicins, 1~3 part of Puerarin, 1~3 portion of dark plum, 2~5 parts of vines of multiflower knotweed, 1~3 part of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
Wherein, it in order to remove the poisonous and harmful substance in the vine of multiflower knotweed, is reused after preferably being pre-processed to the vine of multiflower knotweed, originally
Invention removes poisonous and harmful substance therein using supercritical fluid extraction.
Specific processing method is as follows:
It was put into supercritical extraction unit after the vine of multiflower knotweed was crushed to 80 meshes, uses SC-CO2It is extracted, SC-CO2
Flow is 15L/h, and extracting pressure 33MPa, temperature is 92 DEG C, extraction time 3h.After the completion of extraction, solid is taken out, as
Treated the vine of multiflower knotweed.Wherein, the SC-CO2(superfluid CO2) in be mixed with NaDDC (sodium salt of dithiocarbamate),
In mass ratio, CO2: NaDDC=3:1~2:1.
The feed addictive the preparation method comprises the following steps: each component is added in the tank of favorable sealing property, it is preferably ceramic
Tank is added the water that volume is 3~5 times of component total volume, heats and boil after immersion 0.5h, and small fire keeps the temperature 30~50min, filters,
Filtrate decompression is concentrated, lotion is obtained, up to required feed addictive after drying.
The formula of the microbial fermentation fine fodder-coarse fodder mixture are as follows: total amount is 100 parts, in parts by weight, 35~45 parts
Fine fodder, 40~45 portions of coarse fodders, 3~5 parts of microbial bacterial agents, surplus is water.The microbial bacterial agent is yak beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract system
Agent, viable bacteria amount >=3 × 10 in microbial inoculum8CFU/ml.In the microbial inoculum, microorganism is preferably bacillus subtilis, lichens gemma
Bacillus, Bacillus acidi lactici, Bifidobacterium are composed by viable bacteria amount for 1:1:1:1.
Microbial fermentation fine fodder-coarse fodder the mixture the preparation method comprises the following steps: by fine fodder, coarse fodder and water mix, add
Microbial bacterial agent mix, under room temperature ferment 12~for 24 hours to get required mixture.
Yak lives in special High aititude, in low-oxygen environment, and life condition is severe, in order to adapt to such weather ring
Border, evolves some features different from common ox, these features also have its corresponding gene behind.Wherein, most important suitable
It should be embodied in, lower oxygen concentration resistance, the gene of psychro-environment and other oxen are different.Studies have shown that in the physiological state, MMPs base
Because (matrix metalloproteinase) can promote the formation of new vessels, help adapts to low-oxygen environment.In addition, HIF (hypoxia inducible factor
Son) it is the key transcription factor that various hypoxia inducible related genes are adjusted.For yak by a series of evolution, it is special to be able to adapt to
Environment, but simultaneously, inventors have found that the expression of these genes may also affect the meat of yak to a certain extent.
It is waterpower is to judge one of the important indicator of meat level for being waterpower.It is that waterpower refers to muscle by external force
The ability of holding moisture is that waterpower is lower, the tenderness of meat is poorer, nutritional ingredient by the joint effect of many factors when effect
Also accordingly decline with flavor.Yak muscle is that waterpower is lower than common beef, causes mouthfeel harder.Inventor by grinding for a long time
Study carefully, the expression of reduction part MMPs is on the one hand adjusted by increasing arasaponin, Puerarin, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, improves yak
Meat quality；On the other hand, the content that HIF target gene in part is improved by increasing jamaicin regulation, in addition, arasaponin
It may participate in improving the expression of VEGF (vascellum esoderma growth factor gene) and HIF-1, help maintains yak lower oxygen concentration resistance
Ability.In the case where finally realizing Yak Growth in order, improves yak meat, improve the commodity value of yak.Meanwhile institute
Stating feed addictive also has the function of preventing and treating the digestive systems related diseases such as grainsick, the enterogastritis of yak.
With reference to embodiment, explanation is further expalined to the present invention.
Embodiment one: vine of multiflower knotweed pretreating effect is shown
1, the vine of multiflower knotweed crushed and cross 80 meshes of 20 groups of equivalent is weighed, every group sets 3 repetitions, carries out according to the above method
Pretreatment, the pretreated condition of each group are as shown in table 1.In addition, one group of equivalent of setting and the vine of multiflower knotweed of crushing, sieving, do not do pre-
Processing, as a control group.
The 1 each group vine of multiflower knotweed pretreatment condition table of comparisons of table
2, before and after pretreatment, the assay of Cu and Pb ion is carried out respectively to the vine of multiflower knotweed of each group, and carry out 2,3,
5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O- β-D-Glucose glycosides assay；And calculate separately the variance rate (%) of each content, institute
Variance rate=(M1-M2)/M1 is stated, the M1 is the determinand content before pretreatment, and M2 is pretreated determinand content.Its
In, variance rate is considered as less than 1 ‰ and does not change.The results are shown in Table 2 for each group.
The 2 each group vine of multiflower knotweed pretreatment condition table of comparisons of table
Embodiment two: influence of the feed addictive to Yak Growth situation and meat
1,12 groups of fine fodders and mixture are prepared according to the above method, wherein coarse fodder selects highland barley stalk, diameter control 3~
5cm.The concrete component of feed addictive in each group fine fodder and mixture is as shown in table 3.Wherein, Concentrate formula are as follows: by weight
Number, 12 portions of highland barleys, 37 parts of corns, 42 parts of dregs of beans, 1 part of VC, 1 part of VE, 2 parts of feed addictives.Fine fodder is the preparation method comprises the following steps: by each
Component is added in blender, and 35 parts of water are added, and crushes, stirring, mixes at 25 DEG C, and continues stirring 3h, extrusion forming, and room temperature is dry
It is dry to get.Microorganism group becomes, by viable bacteria amount, bacillus subtilis: and bacillus licheniformis: Bacillus acidi lactici: Bifidobacterium=1:
1:1:1.Control group refers to that the fine fodder of the group and mixture are not added with feed addictive.The preprocess method of the vine of multiflower knotweed is referring to real
The group 3 for applying example one carries out.
The preparation method table of 3 feed addictive of table
2,39 2 years old public fattening castrating yaks are selected, are divided into 13 groups, every group 3, in group between group the weight of yak,
Figure, age differences are not significant.Drylot feeding raising is carried out using feeding system provided by the invention June November to next year, each group is fed
Expect that time, feeding capacity are identical, is utilized respectively each group mixture, fine fodder and coarse fodder and is fed.During feeding, yak health status
Well, no sick, death condition occurs.After nursing, each group yak is butchered, tests dressing percentage；And measure back most
The muscular system waterpower of long flesh, the storage losses (4 DEG C of cold storages) after storage 2 months, marbling, tenderness (shearing force), flesh
Interior crude fat content.
Each group test data is averaged, the results are shown in Table 4.
4 performance of table shows table
| Group | Dressing percentage | It is waterpower | Storage losses | Marbling scoring/point | Intramuscular crude fat |
| Group 1 | 62.1% | 91.2% | 3.39% | 5.28 | 15.13% |
| Group 2 | 68.9% | 94.9% | 2.61% | 6.05 | 18.92% |
| Group 3 | 63.2% | 90.6% | 3.42% | 5.01 | 14.96% |
| Group 4 | 66.5% | 92.1% | 2.96% | 5.82 | 16.12% |
| Group 5 | 62.1% | 92.2% | 3.05% | 5.26 | 15.11% |
| Group 6 | 65.3% | 93.1% | 2.98% | 5.76 | 15.98% |
| Group 7 | 62.0% | 90.3% | 3.86% | 5.33 | 15.64% |
| Group 8 | 65.9% | 92.6% | 2.88% | 5.69 | 15.73% |
| Group 9 | 63.1% | 93.1% | 3.06% | 5.27 | 15.09% |
| Group 10 | 61.2% | 91.6% | 3.72% | 5.38 | 15.69% |
| Group 11 | 60.1% | 90.3% | 3.88% | 5.03 | 14.79% |
| Group 12 | 60.8% | 90.2% | 3.69% | 5.21 | 15.02% |
| Control group | 58.3% | 89.7% | 4.62% | 3.21 | 7.16% |
Embodiment three: influence of the fine fodder to Yak Growth situation and meat
1, feed addictive is prepared by two group 2 of embodiment of method, the feed addictive is recycled to prepare 11 groups of fine fodders
And mixture；And one group be not added with feed addictive, as a control group.Wherein, the specific formula of each group fine fodder such as 5 institute of table
Show, data refer to the parts by weight of each component in table.Remaining method is identical as embodiment two.
5 Concentrate formula table of table
2, during feeding, yak health status is good, and no sick, death condition occurs.It is carried out by the method for embodiment two
Index test, the results are shown in Table 6.
6 performance of table shows table
| Group | Dressing percentage | It is waterpower | Storage losses | Marbling scoring/point | Intramuscular crude fat |
| Group 1 | 67.2% | 93.7% | 2.63% | 5.76 | 18.53% |
| Group 2 | 68.7% | 94.6% | 2.59% | 6.03 | 18.90% |
| Group 3 | 66.3% | 93.9% | 2.66% | 5.73 | 18.51% |
| Group 4 | 65.1% | 94.0% | 2.60% | 5.86 | 18.64% |
| Group 5 | 67.3% | 93.9% | 2.61% | 5.93 | 18.76% |
| Group 6 | 65.3% | 94.2% | 2.63% | 5.90 | 18.71% |
| Group 7 | 63.2% | 93.6% | 2.67% | 5.83 | 18.61% |
| Group 8 | 61.9% | 92.3% | 2.87% | 5.80 | 18.57% |
| Group 9 | 63.1% | 91.9% | 3.01% | 5.78 | 18.50% |
| Group 10 | 60.6% | 91.8% | 3.67% | 5.46 | 16.52% |
| Group 11 | 63.9% | 92.6% | 3.35% | 5.63 | 17.35% |
| Control group | 58.6% | 89.3% | 4.59% | 3.19 | 7.03% |
Example IV: influence of the feeding method to Yak Growth situation and meat
1, feed addictive is prepared by two group 2 of embodiment of method, and prepares fine fodder by three group 2 of embodiment of method and mixes
Material is closed, in June November to next year, is raised using the drylot feeding that feeding system provided by the invention carries out 5 groups of distinct methods.Each tissue culture
The method of supporting is as shown in table 7.
The comparison of 7 each group method for breeding of table
2, the daily feeding situation of observation, and the method for pressing embodiment two carry out index to each group yak after the test
Measurement, the results are shown in Table 8.During feeding, yak health status is good, and no sick, death condition occurs.
8 performance of table shows table
| Group | Feeding situation | Dressing percentage | It is waterpower | Storage losses | Marbling scoring/point | Intramuscular crude fat |
| Group 1 | Substantially without surplus material | 68.9% | 94.8% | 2.56% | 6.01 | 18.83% |
| Group 2 | Substantially without surplus material | 63.2% | 91.9% | 3.23% | 4.86 | 14.12% |
| Group 3 | Substantially without surplus material | 64.3% | 92.6% | 3.15% | 5.87 | 16.73% |
| Group 4 | Substantially without surplus material | 62.0% | 91.5% | 3.20% | 5.91 | 16.78% |
| Group 5 | Surplus part coarse fodder | 61.3% | 93.3% | 2.67% | 5.83 | 16.53% |
Claims (10)
1. a kind of feeding system, it is characterised in that: including cowshed (10), setting is domed upwards extremely at the top of the cowshed (10)
Ventilating skylight, setting ventilation storehouse (56) on the skylight, the ventilation storehouse is arranged in few two layers of roof, each roof centre perforation
(56) cross section is domed upward on skylight, the arch both ends perforation ventilation.
2. feeding system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the roof includes the first roof (51) and the second room
It pushes up (52), forms interlayer between two roof, insulating layer (53) are set in the interlayer, the insulating layer (53) is flexible material
Matter；The cavity (11) of connection corresponding with interlayer, cowshed (10) inner sidewall are symmetrical arranged on (10) two pairs of side walls of the cowshed
Upper, cavity (11) corresponding position is symmetrical arranged spool (54), the axle center of the spool (54) respectively with the output end of rotating electric machine
It is connected；The both ends of the insulating layer (53) are rotating around on two spools (54).
3. feeding system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the insulating layer (53) includes the first insulating layer
(531) and the second insulating layer (532), the face length of first insulating layer (531) and the second insulating layer (532) is all larger than
Equal to the overall length of roof sandwich, the center setting of first insulating layer (531) is corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size
Through-hole；Ventilation hole corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size, institute is arranged in the center of second insulating layer (532)
It states and covers vent material on ventilation hole.
4. feeding system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the insulating layer (53) further includes third insulating layer
(533), the face length of the third insulating layer (533) is more than or equal to roof sandwich overall length, the third insulating layer (533)
Center corresponding with ventilating skylight shape, size ventilation hole is set, covering is ventilated thermal insulation material on the ventilation hole.
5. according to feeding system described in claim 2~4 any one, it is characterised in that: (53) two end edge of insulating layer
Edge passes through at least three traction ropes respectively and is wound on each spool (54), and a wherein traction rope is located at each insulating layer (53) side
In the middle part of edge, two traction ropes are located at each insulating layer (53) both sides of the edge.
6. feeding system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cowshed (10) is internal to be at least arranged 1 set of feeding
Device, the feeding device include the cylinder-shaped feeder (30) for being set to cowshed (10) middle and upper part, feeder (30) packet
Include the swingle (33) of rotating electric machine that be vertically arranged at center, external, uniformly distributed three pieces rotation on the swingle (33)
Blade (32), the rotating vane (32) are bonded with feeder (30) inner sidewall, can feed under the drive of swingle (33)
Device (30) internal rotating；Discharge port (31) are arranged in feeder (30) bottom, discharge port (31) shape, size and two panels
Zone cross-sectional shape, the size that rotating vane (32) and feeder (30) inner sidewall surround are corresponding；The discharge port (31)
Lower section is correspondingly arranged hopper (40)；And/or；Weight sensor is arranged in hopper (40) bottom.
7. feeding system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: bracket (60) are arranged in cowshed (10) middle and upper part,
The feeder (30) is fixed on bracket (60)；And/or；Feeder (30) bottom, discharge port (31) are with exterior domain,
Cloth sieve pore, the sieve diameter are less than minimum diameter to be fed intake；Feed accumulator tank is correspondingly arranged below the sieve pore.
8. feeding system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cowshed (10) ground is tilted to side, inclination
Angle is 5~15 °.
9. a kind of method using the feeding yak of feeding system described in claim 1~8 any one.
10. the method for feeding yak according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: utilize the feeder (30), first feed
Microbial fermentation fine fodder-coarse fodder mixture, then fine fodder is fed, finally feed coarse fodder.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113207701A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-06 | 青岛科创信达科技有限公司 | Special-shaped ventilation shaft structure suitable for flat-bed cultivation and improvement method |
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