CN109600159B - Beam synthesis framework based on highly-multiplexed true delay unit - Google Patents
Beam synthesis framework based on highly-multiplexed true delay unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109600159B CN109600159B CN201811257064.4A CN201811257064A CN109600159B CN 109600159 B CN109600159 B CN 109600159B CN 201811257064 A CN201811257064 A CN 201811257064A CN 109600159 B CN109600159 B CN 109600159B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
- H04B7/0897—Space-time diversity using beamforming per multi-path, e.g. to cope with different directions of arrival [DOA] at different multi-paths
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband beam synthesis framework based on a highly multiplexed true time delay unit, which comprises a plurality of low noise amplifier modules, a plurality of buffers and a plurality of true time delay units, wherein the low noise amplifier modules are positioned at the front end of a multi-beam matrix and used for amplifying signals from space and reducing noise, and the buffer modules compensate insertion loss and play a role in isolation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is suitable for ultra-wideband wireless communication systems and MIMO systems in radar, satellite communication, military and other fields, in particular to the field of wideband multi-beam forming, and provides a new realization idea for the 5G technology.
Background
The principle of beam forming is: when the signal is received, the direction of the useful signal forms constructive interference to strengthen the expected signal, and forms destructive interference at other angles to restrain the interference signal, and the sensitivity of the receiver can be obviously improved. The multi-beam synthesis technology can generate a plurality of high-gain beams with independent directions at the same time, and the coverage of a certain angle range is realized through the combined action of the plurality of beams. In wireless communications, multipath signal interference is unavoidable and limits the quality of the communication, so a smooth, accurate, wideband group delay is of paramount importance for phased arrays.
In the narrow-band phased array, the phase difference of incident waves in different directions reaching each antenna is small, and the phase shifter is adopted to adjust the fixed phase, so that the signal at the receiving end is in-phase strengthened. However, ultra-wideThe band communication system adopts short-time pulse for signal transmission, and generates broadband frequency response[1-3]The use of phase shifters causes the formed beams to shift, which affects the performance of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to use a real time delay unit instead of a phase shifter to realize the constructive superposition of the ultra-wideband signals[2-4]. There are many traditional beam forming architectures based on the real delay unit, such as Brute-force architecture and glasses architecture[2,5-6]And when four input and four output are carried out, the total delay unit number is 48 tau, and the path sharing true delay structure proposed by ChuT S and Hashmeih[7]By multiplexing the delay units, the total number of delay units is 24 τ. Although both are suitable for ultra-wideband communication systems, they occupy a large amount of chip area due to the large delay time.
The related documents are:
[1]Moallemi S,Welker R,Kitchen J.Wide band programmable true time delay block for phased array antenna
applications[C]//CircuitsandSystemsConference.IEEE,2017.
[2]LiuY,ZhangW,LiuY.Afully integrated4-channelbeamformerbasedon TTD phased array in 0.18μm CMOS[J].MicroelectronicsJournal,2018:81-86.
[3]AriyarathnaV,UdayangaN,MadanayakeA,et al.Design methodology ofan analog 9-beam squint-free widebandIFmulti-beamformerformmWapplications[C]//EngineeringResearchConference.IEEE,2017:236.
[4]ChuTS,RoderickJ,HashemiH.AnIntegratedUltra-WidebandTimedArrayReceiverin0.13umCMOS Using a Path-Sharing True Time Delay Architecture[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2007,42(12):2834-2850.
[5]Chu T S,Hashemi H.A CMOS UWB Camera with 7×7Simultaneous Active Pixels[C]//Solid-State CircuitsConference,2008.ISSCC2008.DigestofTechnicalPapers.IEEEInternational.IEEE,2008:120-600.
[6]Chu T S,Hashemi H.True-Time-Delay-BasedMulti-BeamArrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory&Techniques,2013,61(8):3072-3082.
[7]Chu T S,Hashemi H.A true time-delay-based bandpass multi-beam array at mm-waves supporting instantaneouslywidebandwidths[C].IEEEInternationalSolid-StateCircuitsConference.IEEE,2010:38-39.
disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a beam forming architecture, which reduces the complexity of the circuit, achieves stability of delay in a broadband, and multi-directivity of beam forming by highly multiplexing a path sharing unit and a true delay unit. And the architecture of the invention satisfies the central symmetry center and the expansibility. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a beam synthesis framework based on a highly-multiplexed true delay unit comprises a plurality of low-noise amplifier modules, a plurality of buffers and a plurality of true delay units, wherein the low-noise amplifier modules are positioned at the front end of a multi-beam matrix and used for amplifying signals from space and reducing noise, and the buffer modules compensate insertion loss and play a role in isolation. The method comprises the steps that 2M antenna inputs and 2M outputs are adopted, each antenna is located on a transverse transmission line, an output port is located on a longitudinal transmission line, the delay time of the transverse transmission line is M tau, the delay time of the longitudinal transmission line is (2K-1) tau, K is 1,2, … … and M, and each real delay unit meets the two-way of symmetry and signal flow so as to guarantee the consistency of multiplexing and delay of the delay units.
A four-antenna system can be adopted, a space signal received by a first antenna sequentially passes through a first low noise amplifier module, a first buffer and a second buffer to a first output port, a space signal received by a second antenna sequentially passes through a second low noise amplifier module, a third buffer, a first 3 tau true delay unit and a second buffer to the first output port, and a space signal received by a third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, a first 2 tau true delay unit, a second 2 tau true delay unit, a third 2 tau true delay unit, a first buffer and a second buffer to the first output port; a space signal received by a fourth antenna sequentially passes through a fourth low noise amplifier module, a fourth 2 tau true time delay unit, a fifth 2 tau true time delay unit, a sixth 2 tau true time delay unit, a third buffer, a first 3 tau true time delay unit and a second buffer to a first output port;
the space signal received by the first antenna sequentially passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true time delay unit, the fourth buffer and the fifth buffer to the second output port, the space signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the sixth 2 tau true time delay unit, the sixth buffer, the first tau true time delay unit and the fifth buffer to the second output port, the space signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the first 2 tau true time delay unit, the second 2 tau true time delay unit, the fourth buffer and the fifth buffer to the second output port, a space signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through a fourth low noise amplifier module, a fourth 2 tau true time delay unit, a fifth 2 tau true time delay unit, a sixth buffer, a first tau true time delay unit and a fifth buffer to a second output port;
the spatial signal received by the first antenna sequentially passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true delay unit, the second 2 tau true delay unit, the seventh buffer, the second tau true delay unit and the eighth buffer to a third output port, the spatial signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the sixth 2 tau true delay unit, the fifth 2 tau true delay unit, the ninth buffer and the eighth buffer to the third output port, the spatial signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the first 2 tau true delay unit, the seventh buffer, the second tau true delay unit and the eighth buffer to the third output port, and the spatial signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through the fourth low noise amplifier module and the fourth 2 tau true delay unit. Ninth and eighth buffers to a third output port;
the space signal received by the first antenna sequentially passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true time delay unit, the second 2 tau true time delay unit, the first 2 tau true time delay unit, the tenth buffer, the second 3 tau true time delay unit and the eleventh buffer to the fourth output port, the spatial signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the sixth 2 tau true delay unit, the fifth 2 tau true delay unit, the fourth 2 tau true delay unit, the twelfth buffer and the eleventh buffer to a fourth output port, the spatial signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the tenth buffer, the second 3 tau true delay unit and the eleventh buffer to the fourth output port, and the spatial signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through the fourth low noise amplifier module, the twelfth buffer and the eleventh buffer to the fourth output port.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the circuit module is highly multiplexed, the total delay unit number of four-input four-output time is only 20 tau, the total delay time is few, the chip area is low, and the power consumption is low.
(2) The invention has expansibility and can form multi-beam input and output of even number of ports at the same time.
(3) The invention is highly integrated, and integrates a low noise amplifier, a buffer and a plurality of modules of 0 tau, 2 tau and 3 tau true time delay units.
(4) The invention has the advantages of small return loss, large gain, wide bandwidth, small time delay fluctuation, good directivity and wide coverage range of received signals.
(5) The circuit of the invention has simple structure, low complexity and low overall cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a novel beam forming architecture based on highly multiplexed true delay units.
FIG. 2 is an extended architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a low noise amplifier used in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a buffer used in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the tau, 2 tau, and 3 tau true delay elements used in the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows simulation results of the input reflection coefficient S11 and the output reflection coefficient S22 according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the overall gain simulation result of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a simulation result of the delay of each channel according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the pattern simulation result of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a novel beam forming architecture based on a highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention, which includes a low noise amplifier module, a buffer module and a true delay module. The low noise amplifier is positioned at the front end of the multi-beam matrix and is used for amplifying signals from the space and reducing noise. The buffer compensates for insertion loss and acts as an isolation. The constant delay difference from the adjacent antenna to the output port is realized by generating accurate time delay through the transverse delay line and the longitudinal delay line, thereby making up the time difference of the received signal and carrying out in-phase superposition on the coherent signal
Fig. 2 is an expanded view of the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention, which can expand 2M antenna inputs and 2M outputs, as shown in fig. 2, where the antennas are located on a horizontal transmission line and the output ports are located on a vertical transmission line. The delay time of the transverse transmission line is M τ, and the delay time of the longitudinal transmission line is (2K-1) τ (K1, 2.
Fig. 3 shows an ultra-wideband low-noise amplifier employed by the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly-multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention, which utilizes a noise cancellation technique to reduce noise, improve gain, and reduce the influence of noise of a subsequent module. The adopted low noise amplifiers are symmetrical left and right, common source parallel feedback is adopted for noise cancellation, and gm4And gm7The transconductance of the transistor M4 and the transistor M7, respectively. Provided that R1, gm4And gm7The thermal noise voltage of M1 will be successfully cancelled at the output end when the value of M1 is adjusted properly. In addition, the transistors M1 and M2 adopt a current multiplexing technique, and can reduce power consumption.
Fig. 4 shows that the gain of the buffer adopted by the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly-multiplexed true delay unit increases with the increase of the frequency, and effectively compensates the insertion loss introduced by the true delay unit, so that a larger gain with high flatness is obtained. Meanwhile, the buffer amplifier has good isolation effect, so that the ports cannot be influenced mutually.
Fig. 5 shows tau, 2 tau and 3 tau real time delay units used in the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly multiplexed real time delay unit, and a passive LC filter is used as the real time delay unit, and the real time delay unit satisfies symmetry and bidirectionality, so as to ensure consistency of multiplexing and delaying of the time delay unit. And compared with an active time delay unit, no extra noise and power consumption are introduced. And adjusting the real time delay unit to meet the time delay requirements of tau, 2 tau and 3 tau. The delay unit comprises 2 tau modules, 2 3 tau modules and 6 2 tau modules, and the total delay time is 20 tau. Compared with the traditional LC trapezoidal transmission line, the source LC filter real time delay unit used by the invention has the advantages that the number of capacitors used by the LC real time delay unit is obviously reduced on the basis of meeting similar group delay, and the area is effectively reduced.
To obtain a smooth group delay, the individual modules should be impedance matched to 50 ohms. The input and output ports satisfy matching, and the input and output signals are differential signals and are matched to 100 ohms.
The invention adopts HHNEC CMOS 0.18um technology and utilizes Cadence RF spectrum to carry out simulation verification on the circuit.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result of the input/output reflection coefficient of the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention. Therefore, S is within the frequency band range of 0.5-1.5 GHz11<-11，S22<15, showing that the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly-multiplexed true delay unit of the present invention achieves good input and output matching in the whole frequency band.
Fig. 7 shows a simulation result of total gain with four inputs and one output of the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention. In the frequency band range of 0.5-1.5 GHz, the gain is about 26dB, and the fluctuation of the gain is not more than 3 dB. The novel beam forming framework based on the high multiplexing true time delay unit has higher gain and high gain flatness.
Fig. 8 is a simulation result of delay of each channel of the novel beamforming architecture based on the highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention. In the frequency band range of 0.5-1.5 GHz, the time delay difference of adjacent beams on the output ports 1 and 2 is 240ps and 80ps respectively, and four scanning angles of +/-43 degrees and +/-13 degrees can be provided under the condition that the antenna spacing is 10.5 centimeters. In-phase superposition enhancement of spatial signals is achieved.
Fig. 9 is a diagram simulation result of the novel beam forming architecture based on the highly multiplexed true delay unit according to the present invention. Radiation patterns of the beamforming architecture generated in MATLAB with simulation data at 0.5GHz, 1GHz, and 1.5 GHz. The directivity is good, and the directivity of the antenna array is better along with the increase of the working frequency.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A beam synthesis framework based on a highly-multiplexed true delay unit comprises a plurality of low-noise amplifier modules, a plurality of buffers and a plurality of true delay units, wherein the low-noise amplifier modules are positioned at the front end of a multi-beam matrix and used for amplifying signals from space and reducing noise, and the buffer modules compensate insertion loss and play a role in isolation, and are characterized in that the multiplexed true delay units are utilized to generate accurate time delay through a transverse delay line and a longitudinal delay line so as to realize constant delay time difference from adjacent antennas to an output port, thereby compensating the time difference of received signals, coherent signals are superposed in phase, 2M antenna inputs and 2M outputs are adopted, each antenna is positioned on the transverse transmission line, the output port is positioned on the longitudinal transmission line, the delay time of the transverse transmission line is M tau, the delay time of the longitudinal transmission line is (2K-1) tau, k is 1,2, … …, M, each true delay unit satisfies the bi-directionality of symmetry and signal flow to ensure the consistency of delay unit multiplexing and delay; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the total number of the adopted antennas is four, the space signal received by the first antenna sequentially passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the first buffer and the second buffer to a first output port, the space signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the third buffer, the first 3 tau true delay unit and the second buffer to the first output port, and the space signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the first 2 tau true delay unit, the second 2 tau true delay unit, the third 2 tau true delay unit, the first buffer and the second buffer to the first output port; a space signal received by a fourth antenna sequentially passes through a fourth low noise amplifier module, a fourth 2 tau true delay unit, a fifth 2 tau true delay unit, a sixth 2 tau true delay unit, a third buffer, a first 3 tau true delay unit and a second buffer to reach a first output port;
the space signal received by the first antenna sequentially passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true delay unit, the fourth buffer and the fifth buffer to a second output port, the space signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the sixth 2 tau true delay unit, the sixth buffer, the first tau true delay unit and the fifth buffer to the second output port, the space signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the first 2 tau true delay unit, the second 2 tau true delay unit, the fourth buffer and the fifth buffer to the second output port, the spatial signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through a fourth low noise amplifier module, a fourth 2 tau true delay unit, a fifth 2 tau true delay unit, a sixth buffer, a first tau true delay unit and a fifth buffer to a second output port;
the space signal received by the first antenna passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true delay unit, the second 2 tau true delay unit, the seventh buffer, the second tau true delay unit and the eighth buffer in turn to the third output port, the spatial signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through a second low noise amplifier module, a sixth 2 tau true delay unit, a fifth 2 tau true delay unit, a ninth buffer and an eighth buffer to a third output port, the spatial signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the first 2 tau true delay unit, the seventh buffer, the second tau true delay unit and the eighth buffer to the third output port, and the spatial signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through the fourth low noise amplifier module, the fourth 2 tau true delay unit, the ninth buffer and the eighth buffer to the third output port;
the space signal received by the first antenna passes through the first low noise amplifier module, the third 2 tau true delay unit, the second 2 tau true delay unit, the first 2 tau true delay unit, the tenth buffer, the second 3 tau true delay unit and the eleventh buffer in sequence to the fourth output port, the spatial signal received by the second antenna sequentially passes through the second low noise amplifier module, the sixth 2 tau true delay unit, the fifth 2 tau true delay unit, the fourth 2 tau true delay unit, the twelfth buffer and the eleventh buffer to a fourth output port, the spatial signal received by the third antenna sequentially passes through the third low noise amplifier module, the tenth buffer, the second 3 tau true delay unit and the eleventh buffer to the fourth output port, and the spatial signal received by the fourth antenna sequentially passes through the fourth low noise amplifier module, the twelfth buffer and the eleventh buffer to the fourth output port.
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| US9374111B2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2016-06-21 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Multi-stage charge re-use analog circuits |
| US9838125B2 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2017-12-05 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Multibeam radio frequency photonic beamformer using a multi-signal slow light time delay unit |
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