CN109598439B - Method for assisting water environment improvement of shallow lake by using wind speed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for assisting water environment improvement of a shallow lake by utilizing wind speed, which comprises the following steps of 1, evaluating hydrological conditions and water quality: comprises the steps of 11, hydrologic situation evaluation, 12 and water quality evaluation; step 2, investigating pollution sources; step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation; step 32, simulating a water quality model; step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in the water environment; and 4, wind speed-assisted water environment improvement calculation: the method comprises the following steps of 41, lake area division and 42, and hydrodynamic model simulation of the lake area: and (6) performing hydrodynamic model calculation and optimal wind speed searching on each wind speed in the wind speed increasing mode for each lake area divided in the step 41 in a step 43. The invention aims at the change of the current state of the shallow lake and the water quality based on the difference of wind speeds, benefits and avoids harm, and is an innovation in the field of water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environment ecological protection and water conservancy engineering, in particular to a method for assisting water environment improvement of shallow lakes by using wind speed.
Background
Along with the rapid growth of urban population and the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production in China, the eutrophication of urban shallow lakes is increasingly intensified, which has become a serious ecological problem of urban environment, researches the occurrence mechanism, the formation process and the prevention and treatment measures of the eutrophication, accelerates the treatment and the protection of urban water, and has important social and economic significance for guaranteeing the sustainable development of cities.
Eutrophication of water is a process in which excessive amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are received by the water, so that algae and other aquatic plants are abnormally propagated, resulting in reduced water transparency, reduced dissolved oxygen in water, deteriorated water quality, and a series of water ecological structure damage and function degradation.
The urban water is the main water source of urban industry and domestic water, and the eutrophication increases the organic matters in the water, so that pathogenic bacteria breed and produce harmful algal toxins, which endangers the safety of drinking water. Urban water has important urban ecological functions, and eutrophication can destroy the structure of the urban water. Autotrophic plankton such as algae, after the limitation of nutrient elements such as phosphorus is removed, propagate in large quantity to cover the water surface, block the transmission of light to the water bottom, block the photosynthesis of plants in the water bottom, reduce the release amount of oxygen, and when the nutrition is exhausted due to the mass propagation of algae, large-area death occurs, and when the dead bodies of the plants are decomposed by microorganisms, a large amount of oxygen is consumed, so that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water is reduced as a result of the two actions. The decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration causes death of aquatic animals, particularly fish. In severe cases, anaerobic conditions are formed at the bottom of the water, sulfur is reduced into toxic sulfur-hydrogen compounds under the action of bacteria, and some algae emit fishy and foreign smells, so that the water body is fishy and smelly. The final development of eutrophication can reduce the reservoir capacity of the water body due to the siltation of organic residues, destroy the ecological structure of the water body, break biological chains, make species tend to be single and degrade the function of the water body. Urban water is an important place for urban humanity and natural landscape elements and leisure and entertainment, and green blankets formed by eutrophicated water can make water quality muddy and lower transparency, some algae emit peculiar smell, and toxic gas can be generated in the anaerobic process of the water, so that the sensory properties of the water are greatly reduced in the processes.
The eutrophication problem of urban shallow lakes seriously harms the urban water supply and ecological environment and sustainable development of China. The eutrophication is mainly caused by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus, especially the limiting nutrient element of phosphorus for aquatic plants. Phosphorus enters the water body and hardly exchanges with the atmosphere, so the key for treating eutrophication is to reduce the phosphorus in the water body. Because the pollution of phosphorus is mainly point source pollution, the method insists on treating from the source, popularizes washing powder to forbid phosphorus in cities, and carries out pipeline interception treatment on domestic and industrial sewage, and is the key for reducing phosphorus. Meanwhile, the method adopts bioremediation measures to put zooplankton and herbivorous fishes into the water body, and is an effective method for inhibiting eutrophication of the water body and preventing water bloom. Aquatic and terrestrial plants with use value are planted on the water surface in a floating manner, so that the nutritive salt in the water can be removed, the ecology in the water can be improved, the ecological balance can be favorably reestablished, and the natural circulation of the water body is formed.
However, if the influence of the wind speed on the water environment can be considered, the influence can assist the water environment improvement of the shallow lake to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method for assisting the improvement of the water environment of a shallow lake by utilizing wind speed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for assisting water environment improvement of a shallow lake by using wind speed comprises the following steps.
Step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and the water quality, which comprises the following two steps.
Step 11, evaluating the hydrological situation, namely evaluating the hydrological situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods.
a) And directly analyzing the hydrological data of nearly three years, which is automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river channel where the hydrological station with the flow record is located by using the hydrological data access hydrological data, and finally obtaining the surface runoff of the respective lake or river channel under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates.
b) For lakes or rivers without hydrologic stations, rainfall data of over 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes are collected, and P-III curve calculation is carried out on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river.
Step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting water quality monitoring data of 3-5 years in a small watershed range for watersheds related to shallow lakes to be improved in water environment, and performing full-index evaluation.
Step 2, pollution source investigation: and calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the nearly 2 years industry, sewage plant, population, breeding industry and planting industry in the basin range of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment, and carrying out regional statistics.
Step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow of the lake or river channel corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 in the past year or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary; the water levels of a plurality of sub-streams downstream of the shallow lake are used as downstream boundary conditions.
Step 32, simulating a water quality model: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; and (4) substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step (12) into the water quality model for calculation.
Step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; and calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of the chlorophyll a at a certain time in the future.
And 4, wind speed-assisted water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind speed is changed, the influence of different wind speeds on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the water quality concentration field distribution and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind speed for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal when the optimal wind speed is found; the optimal wind speed searching method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: the shallow lake with the water environment to be improved is divided into a plurality of different lake areas.
Step 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation: performing hydrodynamic model calculation on each wind speed in each lake region divided in step 41 according to the following wind speed increasing mode, wherein the wind speed increasing mode comprises the following steps:
step 42 a: when the wind speed is between 0 and 1m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 0.2m/s from 0 m/s.
Step 42 b: when the wind speed is between 1 and 2m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 0.5m/s from 1 m/s.
Step 42 c: when the wind speed is between 2 and 5m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 1m/s from 2 m/s.
Step 42 d: when the wind speed is more than 5m/s, the wind speed is 2 from 5m/snm/s is increased, wherein n>1。
Step 43, finding the optimal wind speed: and if the water quality concentrations of different lake areas are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind speed at the moment is the optimal wind speed.
And step 12, after the full index evaluation, screening out non-standard items, and then carrying out near 3-5 year water quality process evaluation, standard exceeding rate evaluation and standard exceeding multiple evaluation on the screened non-standard items according to withering and flattening.
In step 12, the evaluation standard of the full index evaluation is ' surface water environmental quality standard ' (GB 3838-2002) '.
In step 4, the optimal wind speed under different wind directions is found by changing the wind direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the change of the water quality of the shallow lake based on the difference of wind speeds is beneficial and harmful, and is an innovation in the field of water environment. By means of the change of the wind speed, the method can judge what wind speed is favorable for improving the water environment, what wind speed is unfavorable for improving the water environment, the capital investment for improving the water environment is saved, and an ecological environment-friendly society is built.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the total phosphorus concentration field in a basalt lake.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the total nitrogen concentration field in a basalt lake.
FIG. 3 shows the variation of total phosphorus in basalt lake with wind speed for different lake areas.
FIG. 4 shows the total nitrogen of different lake areas in the basalt lake as a function of the wind speed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments.
A method for assisting water environment improvement of a shallow lake by using wind speed comprises the following steps.
Step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and the water quality, which comprises the following two steps.
Step 11, evaluating the hydrological situation, namely evaluating the hydrological situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods.
a) And directly analyzing the hydrological data of nearly three years, which is automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river channel where the hydrological station with the flow record is located by using the hydrological data access hydrological data, and finally obtaining the surface runoff of the respective lake or river channel under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates.
The hydrological data analysis preferably includes water level variation trend analysis, flow and flow velocity characteristic analysis and the like.
b) For lakes or rivers without hydrologic stations, rainfall data of over 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes are collected, and P-III curve calculation is carried out on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river.
Step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting 3-5 years of water quality monitoring data in a small watershed (including lakes, rivers, lands and the like) for watersheds related to shallow lakes to be improved in water environment, preferably performing full index evaluation according to the 'surface water environment quality standard' (GB 3838-2002), screening out items which do not reach the standard after full index evaluation, and performing near 3-5 years of water quality process evaluation, standard exceeding rate evaluation and standard exceeding multiple evaluation on the screened items which do not reach the standard according to withered and flat.
Step 2, pollution source investigation: calculating the pollutant discharge amount of industry, sewage plants, population, breeding industry and planting industry according to respective calculation methods and carrying out regional statistics on the statistics yearbook of the nearly 2 years in the basin range of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment, the related data of population, cultivated land area, the production condition of animal husbandry and the like in national economy and social development statistics bulletin, the pollution source general survey data of environmental protection departments and the environment statistics data.
Step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow of the lake or river channel corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 in the past year or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary; the water levels of a plurality of sub-streams downstream of the shallow lake are used as downstream boundary conditions.
Step 32, simulating a water quality model: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; and (4) substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step (12) into the water quality model for calculation.
Step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; and calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of the chlorophyll a at a certain time in the future.
And 4, wind speed-assisted water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind speed is changed, the influence of different wind speeds on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the water quality concentration field distribution and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind speed for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal when the optimal wind speed is found; the optimal wind speed searching method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: the shallow lake with the water environment to be improved is divided into a plurality of different lake areas.
In the invention, the basalt lake is taken as an example for explanation, for example, the basalt lake is divided into a northeast lake, a southeast lake, a northwest lake and a southwest lake. Alternatively, other division schemes are possible.
Step 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation: performing hydrodynamic model calculation on each wind speed in each lake region divided in step 41 according to the following wind speed increasing mode, wherein the wind speed increasing mode comprises the following steps:
step 42 a: when the wind speed is between 0 and 1m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 0.2m/s from 0 m/s.
Step 42 b: when the wind speed is between 1 and 2m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 0.5m/s from 1 m/s.
Step 42 c: when the wind speed is between 2 and 5m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 1m/s from 2 m/s.
Step 42 d: when the wind speed is more than 5m/s, the wind speed is 2 from 5m/snm/s is increased, wherein n>1。
Step 43, finding the optimal wind speed: and if the water quality concentrations of different lake areas are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind speed at the moment is the optimal wind speed.
Taking the calculation result of the basalt lake in Nanjing as an example, the concentration fields and concentration values of total phosphorus and total nitrogen are respectively calculated according to the wind speeds of 0m/s, 0.5m/s, 1m/s, 2m/s, 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s, 12m/s, 18m/s and 30m/s under southwest wind, as shown in figures 1 to 4, the result shows that the water quality concentration of the whole lake is reduced firstly and then increased between 0 and 3m/s, and the optimal wind speed with the minimum water quality concentration difference is 1 m/s; when the wind speed is more than 3m/s, the water quality concentration of the whole lake shows a weak growth trend and tends to a maximum value.
In fig. 3 and 4, NE lake is the water quality concentration of the northeast lake, SE lake is the water quality concentration of the southeast lake, NW lake is the water quality concentration of the northwest lake, SW lake is the water quality concentration of the southwest lake, and ave is the average water quality concentration of the whole lake.
And step 44, finding the optimal wind speed in different wind directions according to steps 41 to 43 by changing the wind direction.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for assisting water environment improvement of shallow lakes by utilizing wind speed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and water quality, which comprises the following two steps:
step 11, evaluating the hydrologic situation, namely evaluating the hydrologic situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods:
a) directly analyzing hydrological data of nearly three years, which are automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river channel where the hydrological station with the flow record is located, and finally obtaining surface runoff of the respective lake or river channel under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates;
b) for lakes or rivers without hydrologic stations, collecting rainfall data of more than 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes, and carrying out P-III curve calculation on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river;
step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting 3-5 years water quality monitoring data in a small watershed range for watersheds related to shallow lakes to be improved in water environment, and performing full index evaluation;
step 2, pollution source investigation: calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the nearly 2 years industry, sewage plant, population, breeding industry and planting industry in the basin range of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment, and carrying out regional statistics;
step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow of the lake or river channel corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 in the past year or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary;
taking the water levels of a plurality of branches at the downstream of the shallow lake as a downstream boundary condition;
step 32, simulating a water quality model: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step 12 into the water quality model for calculation;
step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of chlorophyll a at a certain time in the future;
and 4, wind speed-assisted water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind speed is changed, the influence of different wind speeds on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the water quality concentration field distribution and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind speed for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal when the optimal wind speed is found; the optimal wind speed searching method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: dividing a shallow lake with a water environment to be improved into a plurality of different lake areas;
step 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation: performing hydrodynamic model calculation on each wind speed in each lake region divided in step 41 according to the following wind speed increasing mode, wherein the wind speed increasing mode comprises the following steps:
step 42 a: when the wind speed is between 0 and 1m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually from 0m/s according to 0.2 m/s;
step 42 b: when the wind speed is 1-2 m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 0.5m/s from 1 m/s;
step 42 c: when the wind speed is between 2 and 5m/s, the wind speed is increased gradually according to 1m/s from 2 m/s;
step 42 d: when the wind speed is more than 5m/s, the wind speed is 2 from 5m/snm/s is increased, wherein n>1；
Step 43, finding the optimal wind speed: and if the water quality concentrations of different lake areas are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind speed at the moment is the optimal wind speed.
2. The method for assisting in improving the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind speed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step 12, after the full index evaluation, screening out non-standard items, and then carrying out near 3-5 year water quality process evaluation, standard exceeding rate evaluation and standard exceeding multiple evaluation on the screened non-standard items according to withering and flattening.
3. The method for assisting in improving the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind speed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in step 12, the evaluation standard of the full index evaluation is ' surface water environmental quality standard ' (GB 3838-2002) '.
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