CN109508507B - Method for assisting water environment improvement of shallow lake by using wind direction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for assisting improvement of a water environment of a shallow lake by utilizing wind direction, which comprises the following steps of 1: comprises the steps of 11, hydrological situation evaluation, 12, water quality evaluation; step 2, investigating pollution sources; step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation; step 32, simulating a water quality model; step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment; and 4, wind direction auxiliary water environment improvement calculation: the method comprises the steps of 41, lake area division, 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation, 43 and optimal wind direction finding. The invention aims at the change condition of the current state water quality of shallow lakes based on the difference of wind directions, benefits and avoids harm, and is an innovation in the field of water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological protection of water environment and water conservancy engineering, in particular to a method for assisting improvement of the water environment of shallow lakes by utilizing wind direction.
Background
Along with the rapid growth of urban population and the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production in China, the eutrophication of shallow lakes in cities is increasingly intensified, which has become a serious ecological problem of urban environments, researches the occurrence mechanism, formation process and prevention and treatment measures of the eutrophication, accelerates the treatment and protection of urban water bodies, and has important social and economic significance for guaranteeing the sustainable development of cities.
Eutrophication of water is a process in which excessive amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are received by the water, so that algae and other aquatic plants are abnormally propagated, resulting in reduced water transparency, reduced dissolved oxygen in water, deteriorated water quality, and a series of water ecological structure damage and function degradation.
The urban water is the main water source of urban industrial and domestic water, and the eutrophication increases the organic matters in the water, and the pathogenic bacteria are bred, and harmful algae toxins are produced, which endangers the safety of drinking water. Urban water has important urban ecological functions, and eutrophication can destroy the structure of the urban water. Autotrophic plankton such as algae, after the limitation of nutrient elements such as phosphorus is removed, propagate in large quantities to cover the water surface, block the transmission of light to the water bottom, block the photosynthesis of plants at the water bottom, reduce the release amount of oxygen, and when the nutrition is exhausted due to the mass propagation of algae, large-area death occurs, when the dead bodies of the plants are decomposed by microorganisms, a large amount of oxygen is consumed, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water is reduced as a result of the two functions. The decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration causes death of aquatic animals, particularly fish. In severe cases, anaerobic conditions are formed at the bottom of the water, sulfur is reduced into toxic sulfur-hydrogen compounds under the action of bacteria, and some algae per se emit fishy smell and peculiar smell, so that the water body is fishy and smelly. The final development of eutrophication can reduce the reservoir capacity of the water body due to the siltation of organic residues, destroy the ecological structure of the water body, break biological chains, make species tend to be single and degrade the function of the water body. Urban water is an important place for urban humanity and natural landscape elements and leisure and entertainment, and green blankets formed by eutrophicated water can make water quality muddy and lower transparency, some algae emit peculiar smell, and toxic gas can be generated in the anaerobic process of the water, so that the sensory properties of the water are greatly reduced in the processes.
The eutrophication problem of urban shallow lakes seriously harms the urban water supply and ecological environment and sustainable development of China. The eutrophication is mainly caused by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus, especially the limiting nutrient element of phosphorus for aquatic plants. Phosphorus enters the water body and hardly exchanges with the atmosphere, so the key for treating eutrophication is to reduce the phosphorus in the water body. Because the pollution of phosphorus is mainly point source pollution, the method insists on treating from the source, popularizes washing powder to forbid phosphorus in cities, and carries out pipeline interception treatment on domestic and industrial sewage, and is the key for reducing phosphorus. Meanwhile, the bioremediation measure is adopted, and zooplankton and herbivorous fishes are thrown into the water body, so that the method is an effective method for inhibiting eutrophication of the water body and preventing water bloom. Aquatic and terrestrial plants with use value are planted on the water surface in a floating manner, so that the nutritive salt in the water can be removed, the ecology in the water can be improved, the ecological balance can be favorably reestablished, and the natural circulation of the water body is formed.
However, if the influence of the wind direction on the water environment can be considered, the influence can assist the water environment improvement of the shallow lake to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a method for assisting the water environment improvement of a shallow lake by utilizing wind direction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for assisting water environment improvement of a shallow lake by using wind direction comprises the following steps.
Step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and the water quality, which comprises the following two steps.
Step 11, evaluating the hydrological situation, and evaluating the hydrological situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods.
a) And directly analyzing the hydrological data of nearly three years, which is automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river channel where the hydrological station with the flow record is located by using the hydrological data access hydrological data, and finally obtaining the surface runoff of the respective lake or river channel under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates.
b) For lakes or rivers without hydrologic stations, rainfall data of over 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes are collected, and P-III curve calculation is carried out on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river.
Step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting water quality monitoring data of 3 to 5 years in a small watershed range for watersheds related to a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, and performing full index evaluation.
Step 2, pollution source investigation: and calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the nearly 2 years industry, sewage plant, population, breeding industry and planting industry in the basin range of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment, and carrying out regional statistics.
Step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow of the lake or river channel corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 in the past year or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary; the water levels of a plurality of sub-streams downstream of the shallow lake are used as downstream boundary conditions.
Step 32, water quality model simulation: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; and (4) substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step (12) into the water quality model for calculation.
Step 33, ecological simulation: the method for simulating the chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; and calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of the chlorophyll a at a future moment.
And 4, wind direction auxiliary water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in the step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind direction is changed, the influence of different wind directions on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the distribution of the water quality concentration field and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind direction for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal when the optimal wind direction is found; the optimal wind direction finding method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: the shallow lake with the water environment to be improved is divided into a plurality of different lake areas.
Step 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation: for each lake region divided in step 41, hydrodynamic model calculation is performed according to the difference of 45 degrees from north wind, 0 degrees from east wind, 45 degrees from east wind, 90 degrees from east wind, 135 degrees from east wind, 180 degrees from south wind, 225 degrees from west wind, 270 degrees from west wind, and 315 degrees from west wind, namely from north wind.
Step 43, finding the optimal wind direction: if the water quality concentrations of different lake regions are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind direction is the optimal wind direction; if the water quality of different lake areas is relatively close but still has a certain difference, the simulation is carried out within the range of 45 degrees before and after the corresponding degree of the wind direction by 15 degrees wind direction spacing, and the optimal wind direction is found.
In step 12, after the full index evaluation, the non-standard items are screened out, and then the screened non-standard items are subjected to water quality process evaluation, overproof rate evaluation and overproof multiple evaluation for nearly 3 to 5 years according to the kunfeng.
In step 12, the evaluation standard of the full index evaluation is ' surface water environmental quality standard ' (GB 3838-2002) '.
In step 4, the optimal wind direction under different wind speeds is searched by changing the wind speed.
In step 11, the hydrological data analysis of the hydrological station includes water level variation trend analysis and flow velocity characteristic analysis.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: based on the difference of wind directions, the water quality change condition of the current situation of shallow lakes is favored and avoided, and the method is an innovation in the field of water environment. In addition, by observing the wind direction, which wind direction is beneficial to improving the water environment and which wind direction is not beneficial to improving the water environment can be judged, the capital investment for improving the water environment is saved, and an ecological environment-friendly society is built.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the total phosphorus concentration field in a basalt lake.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the total nitrogen concentration field in a basalt lake.
FIG. 3 shows the wind direction variation of total phosphorus in different lake areas in the basalt lake.
FIG. 4 shows the total nitrogen variation with wind direction of different lake areas in the basalt lake.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments.
A method for assisting water environment improvement of a shallow lake by using wind direction comprises the following steps.
Step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and the water quality, which comprises the following two steps.
Step 11, evaluating the hydrological situation, and evaluating the hydrological situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods.
a) And directly analyzing the hydrological data of nearly three years, which is automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river channel where the hydrological station with the flow record is located by using the hydrological data access hydrological data, and finally obtaining the surface runoff of the respective lake or river channel under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates.
The hydrological data analysis preferably comprises water level change trend analysis, flow and flow velocity characteristic analysis and the like.
b) For lakes or rivers without hydrological stations, rainfall data of more than 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes are collected, and P-III curve calculation is carried out on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river.
Step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting water quality monitoring data of 3 to 5 years in a small watershed (comprising lakes, rivers, lands and the like) related to a shallow lake with a water environment to be improved, preferably performing full index evaluation according to ground surface water environment quality standards (GB 3838-2002), screening out substandard items after full index evaluation, and performing near 3 to 5 years water quality process evaluation, overproof rate evaluation and overproof multiple evaluation on the screened substandard items according to the withered and flat conditions.
Step 2, pollution source investigation: calculating the pollutant discharge amount of industry, sewage plants, population, breeding industry and planting industry according to respective calculation methods and carrying out regional statistics on the statistic yearbook of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment for nearly 2 years in the watershed range, the related data of population, cultivated land area, animal husbandry production condition and the like in national economy and social development statistic communique, the pollution source census data of environmental protection departments and the environment statistic data.
Step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow of the lake or river channel corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 in the past year or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary; and taking the water levels of a plurality of branches at the downstream of the shallow lake as a downstream boundary condition.
Step 32, simulating a water quality model: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; and (4) substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step (12) into the water quality model for calculation.
Step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; and calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of the chlorophyll a at a future moment.
And 4, wind direction auxiliary water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind direction is changed, the influence of different wind directions on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the distribution of a water quality concentration field and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind direction for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal in the optimal wind direction; the optimal wind direction finding method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: the shallow lake whose water environment is to be improved is divided into several different lake regions.
In the invention, the basalt lake is taken as an example for explanation, for example, the basalt lake is divided into a northeast lake, a southeast lake, a northwest lake and a southwest lake. Alternatively, other division schemes are possible.
Step 42, lake area hydrodynamic model simulation: for each lake area divided in step 41, hydrodynamic model calculation is performed according to the difference of 45 degrees from north wind, 45 degrees from east wind, 90 degrees from east wind, 135 degrees from south wind, 180 degrees from south wind, 225 degrees from south wind, 270 degrees from west wind, and 315 degrees from north wind.
Taking the calculation results of the basalt lakes in Nanjing as an example, concentration fields and concentration values of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were calculated according to the wind directions of northern wind (0 °), northeastern wind (45 °), eastern wind (90 °), southeast wind (135 °), southern wind (180 °), southwest wind (225 °), west wind (270 °), and northwest wind (315 °) at a wind speed of 1m/s, and the calculation results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
In fig. 3 and 4, NE lake is the water quality concentration of the northeast lake, SE lake is the water quality concentration of the southeast lake, NW lake is the water quality concentration of the northwest lake, SW lake is the water quality concentration of the southwest lake, and ave is the average water quality concentration of the whole lake.
Step 43, finding the optimal wind direction: if the water quality concentrations of different lake areas are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind direction is the optimal wind direction; if the water quality of different lake areas is relatively close but still has a certain difference, the simulation is carried out within the range of 45 degrees before and after the corresponding degree of the wind direction by 15 degrees wind direction spacing, and the optimal wind direction is searched.
Step 44, by changing the wind speed, according to steps 41 to 43, the optimal wind direction at different wind speeds is found.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent changes may be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is also covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for assisting water environment improvement of shallow lakes by utilizing wind direction is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, evaluating the hydrological situation and water quality, which comprises the following two steps:
step 11, evaluating the hydrological situation, namely evaluating the hydrological situation of lakes or river channels in the range of the basin related to the shallow lakes to be improved in water environment by adopting the following two methods:
a) Directly analyzing hydrological data of nearly three years, which are automatically recorded by the hydrological station, of the lake or the river where the hydrological station with the flow record is located, and finally obtaining surface runoff of the respective lake or river under the conditions of different rainfall guarantee rates;
b) For lakes or rivers without hydrologic stations, collecting rainfall data of more than 30 years in the basin range of shallow lakes, and carrying out P-III curve calculation on the basin to obtain the flow of each lake or river;
step 12, water quality evaluation: collecting water quality monitoring data within a small watershed range from 3 to 5 years for watersheds related to shallow lakes with water environments to be improved, and performing full-index evaluation;
step 2, pollution source investigation: calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the nearly 2 years industry, sewage plant, population, breeding industry and planting industry in the basin range of the shallow lake to be improved in the water environment, and carrying out regional statistics;
step 3, constructing a water environment mathematical model: performing numerical simulation on the shallow lake, wherein the simulation content comprises hydrodynamic model simulation, water quality model simulation and ecological simulation; the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 31, hydrodynamic model simulation: the upstream is a flow control boundary condition, and the downstream is a water level control boundary condition; taking the measured flow over the years of the lake or river corresponding to the upstream of the shallow lake in the step 1 or the converted surface runoff as an upstream boundary;
taking the water levels of a plurality of branches at the downstream of the shallow lake as a downstream boundary condition;
step 32, water quality model simulation: taking the pollutant discharge amount obtained by investigation in the step 2 as a pollution source; substituting the water quality evaluation data of the whole year in the water quality evaluation result in the step 12 into the water quality model for calculation;
step 33, ecological simulation: simulating chlorophyll a in the ecological environment of a shallow lake to be improved in water environment, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: applying the concentration data of chlorophyll a in the shallow lake at the same moment to model calculation at the moment, and calibrating the model to obtain relevant parameters of the model, wherein the model comprises a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model which are constructed in the steps 31 and 32; calculating the models in other periods by using the model parameters after the calibration, and when the model calculation is consistent with the actually measured data, determining that the model calibration is successful, namely a calibration model for short, wherein the calibration model can be used for predicting the concentration of chlorophyll a at a certain time in the future;
and 4, wind direction auxiliary water environment improvement calculation: in the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 31, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged and only the wind direction is changed, the influence of different wind directions on the water quality concentration in the shallow lake is researched, wherein the water quality concentration influence comprises the distribution of a water quality concentration field and the change of the water quality concentration, until the optimal wind direction for disturbing the water quality is found, and the water quality is optimal in the optimal wind direction; the optimal wind direction finding method comprises the following steps:
step 41, lake area division: dividing a shallow lake with a water environment to be improved into a plurality of different lake areas;
step 42, lake region hydrodynamic model simulation: for each lake area divided in step 41, performing hydrodynamic model calculation according to the difference of 45 degrees from north wind, 0 degree from east wind, 45 degrees from east wind, 90 degrees from east wind, 135 degrees from east wind, 180 degrees from south wind, 225 degrees from west wind, 270 degrees from west wind, and 315 degrees from west wind, namely starting from north wind;
step 43, finding the optimal wind direction: if the water quality concentrations of different lake areas are relatively consistent, the lake water quality is considered to be relatively uniform, and the wind direction is the optimal wind direction; if the water quality of different lake areas is different, the simulation is carried out at 15-degree wind direction intervals in the range of 45 degrees before and after the corresponding degree of the wind direction, and the optimal wind direction is found.
2. The method for assisting the improvement of the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 12, after the full index evaluation, the non-standard items are screened out, and then the screened non-standard items are subjected to water quality process evaluation, overproof rate evaluation and overproof multiple evaluation for nearly 3 to 5 years according to the kunfeng.
3. The method for assisting in improving the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind direction as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 12, the evaluation standard of the whole index evaluation is 'surface water environmental quality standard GB 3838-2002'.
4. The method for assisting the improvement of the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the optimal wind direction under different wind speeds is searched by changing the wind speed.
5. The method for assisting the improvement of the water environment of the shallow lake by utilizing the wind direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 11, the hydrological data analysis of the hydrological station comprises water level change trend analysis and flow speed characteristic analysis.
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CN105973207A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 云南省环境科学研究院 | Water supplement and algae control method for large-scale shallow lake water bloom agglomeration water area |
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CN105973207A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 云南省环境科学研究院 | Water supplement and algae control method for large-scale shallow lake water bloom agglomeration water area |
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