CN109596249A - A kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method - Google Patents
A kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109596249A CN109596249A CN201811441925.4A CN201811441925A CN109596249A CN 109596249 A CN109596249 A CN 109596249A CN 201811441925 A CN201811441925 A CN 201811441925A CN 109596249 A CN109596249 A CN 109596249A
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- strain
- connected piece
- load distribution
- strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distributions to measure test method, belongs to mechanical device and mechanical test field.This method comprises: multiple strain gauge means are arranged between two neighboring fastener respectively in the upper and lower surfaces of the mechanical connecting structure；The installation space of strain gauge means is provided between two connected pieces to contact with each other；Multiple strain gauge means are mounted in the installation space；Measure the load of the section transmitting between two neighboring fastener；Obtain the pin load distribution measurement result of mechanical connecting structure.The present invention passes through to create the arrangement space of the strain gauge means such as foil gauge, to obtain upper and lower surfaces Strain Distribution of the connected piece between two fasteners on section.Method proposed by the present invention can completely obtain connected piece to the magnitude of load of uniform section by test measurement, avoid uncertainty caused by introducing analysis method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical device and mechanical test fields, and in particular to a kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement
Test method.
Background technique
The advantages that mechanical connection is due to reliability height, more Path of Force Transfer, is widely used in the connection structure of aircaft configuration
In.In order to improve the design level of aircraft, correct simulation analysis result, it is necessary to obtain multiple rows of be bolted by test method
The pin load distribution of structure.Especially for the analysis of fatigue of composite material connection structure and metal connecting structure, since connection is tied
Structure failure is frequently experienced in front of nail caused by plastic deformation carries and redistribute, and obtaining accurate pin load distribution is particularly important.
Currently, mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution test method mainly includes two classes: strain measurement method and nail set sensor
Method.In strain measurement method, generally by connected piece surface mount foil gauge or pass through non-contact deformation measurement (DIC)
The methods of equipment, the test for obtaining connected piece surface strain, and derive nail by the difference of mean strain value between different staples and carry and divide
With ratio.It can also be by test strain result and simulation analysis Comparative result, if the two consistency is preferable, then is obtained by simulation analysis
Obtain pin load distribution.Strain measurement method schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
In nail set sensor method, true bolt is replaced using the sensor of bolt shape, or sensor is embedded in bolt,
By it is loaded when sensor output sensor load signal obtain the extrusion load of each nail hole.For example, Fig. 2 passes through in bolt
Interior embedment optical fiber measures bolt load, and Fig. 3 pastes foil gauge by slotting on bolt, to measure bolt load.
For strain measurement method, due to wobbler action, connection structure can generate two parasitic moments, and connected piece is caused to be bent.
The strain of the outer upper and lower surface of connected piece is different, can be into only with the mean strain of the strain calculation whole cross section of outer surface
One step increases error.Even if obtaining pin load distribution indirectly by way of test strain and simulation analysis strain comparison, it may have
Many uncertain, confidence level is not high.
For following closely set sensor method, sensor is both measuring appliance and fastener.Sensor bears load by being pasted onto
Strain rosette output signal characterization inside metallic rod, therefore, sensor metallic rod surrounding has opened four slots.On the one hand, after fluting
Metallic rod is different with Bolt-hole fits state from screw rod in truth, and measurement result cannot reflect that it is special to carry distribution for nail in practical structures
Point；On the other hand, four slots have seriously undermined the bearing capacity of rodmeter, and this method is only capable of measuring load point under low load operating condition
With situation.In addition, sensor manufacture difficulty is very big, the technology is not yet mature so far, and expensive.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem above, the present invention proposes a kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method.This hair
It is bright to be based on strain measurement method, traditional strain measurement method is improved.Traditional strain measurement method only passes through test and obtains
The strain measurement of connected piece outer surface as a result, the present invention by slotting on contact surface in connected piece, or in connected piece
Between increase the mode of gasket, the arrangement space of the strain gauge means such as foil gauge is created, to obtain connected piece at two
Upper and lower surfaces Strain Distribution between fastener on section.Method proposed by the present invention can completely be obtained by test measurement by
Connector avoids uncertainty caused by introducing analysis method to the magnitude of load of uniform section.
According to the first aspect of the invention, a kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method is provided, based on answering
Become mensuration, by providing installation space between connected piece for strain gauge means, is suitable for along loading direction containing multiple rows of
The pin load distribution of the mechanical connecting structure of fastener measures, and connected piece is completely obtained by test measurement to the load of uniform section
Size avoids uncertainty caused by introducing analysis method.
Further, the method specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: in the upper and lower surfaces of the mechanical connecting structure, being set between two neighboring fastener respectively
Set multiple strain gauge means；
Step 2: the installation space of strain gauge means is provided between two connected pieces to contact with each other；
Step 2: multiple strain gauge means are mounted in the installation space；
Step 4: measuring the load of the section transmitting between two neighboring fastener；
Step 5: the pin load distribution measurement result of mechanical connecting structure is obtained,
Wherein, linear distribution is obeyed in region of the connected piece between adjacent two fasteners, through-thickness strain.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
It slots between two connected pieces to contact with each other, the installation space as strain gauge means.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
It is added gasket between two connected pieces to contact with each other, forms the installation space of strain gauge means.
Further, region of the connected piece between two fasteners, variable gradient is smaller in the width direction for strain.
Further, the step 4 specifically includes:
For one of connected piece, the upper and lower surfaces between two neighboring fastener are respectively arranged with n strain
Measuring device by the strain that strain gauge means are tested from upper surface is respectively ε in loading procedurea1,εa2,...εan,
The strain tested from lower surface is respectively εb1,εb2,...εbn, then the mean strain in the section can be calculated are as follows:
The transmitting magnitude of load F in the section is calculated as follows, wherein E is the connected piece along the rigid of loading direction
Degree, A are the sectional area in the section:
Further, the strain gauge means are to include foil gauge, piezoelectric patches, grating fibers.
Further, the method is suitable for the connected piece number of plies >=2, the machinery along loading direction fastener number of rows >=2
The measurement of connection structure pin load distribution.
According to the second aspect of the invention, a kind of pin load distribution of multiple rows of bolt fastening structure in aircraft connection structure is provided
Measurement method, the aircraft connection structure is by the way of mechanical connection, which is characterized in that the method is used according to take up an official post
Mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution described in one side measures test method to multiple rows of bolt fastening structure in aircraft connection structure
Pin load distribution measure.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention in connected piece on contact surface by slotting, or increases between connected piece the mode of gasket, wound
The arrangement space of the strain gauge means such as foil gauge is made, it is upper and lower on section between two fasteners to can get connected piece
Surface strain distribution directly obtains connected piece in the magnitude of load to uniform section, further can get entire mechanical connection knot
The pin load distribution of structure.This patent, which avoids traditional strain measurement method, can not consider that connected piece through-thickness is curved scarce
Point realizes the direct measurement of connected piece section posting size, can directly survey in the case where not depending on numerical analysis auxiliary
Measure out the pin load distribution of mechanical connecting structure.The mechanical connecting structure nail that the present invention is suitable for configuration complexity carries test, has
The advantages that easy to operate, accuracy high and low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows traditional pin load distribution strain measurement method schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrams of the prior art 1；
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the prior art 2；
Fig. 4 shows scheme of installation according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 shows intermediate plate detail view according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 shows the fluting scheme schematic diagram along the section Fig. 4 a-a；
Fig. 7 shows the gasket scheme schematic diagram along the section Fig. 4 a-a；
Fig. 8 shows mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method flow chart according to the present invention；
Fig. 9 shows mechanical connecting structure posting schematic diagram；
Figure 10 shows connected piece to the measurement of uniform section posting size and calculates schematic diagram；
Figure 11 a to 11b shows connected piece section outer surface width direction Strain Distribution and thickness direction Strain Distribution.
Specific embodiment
The application motion schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.The application motion is suitable for the connected piece number of plies >=2, along loading direction
The mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution of fastener number of rows >=2 measures.With the connected piece number of plies=3, the machinery of fastener number of rows=3
For connection structure, intermediate connected piece (1), upside connected piece (2) and downside connected piece (3) pass through 3 fasteners (4)
Connection.In order to test the pin load distribution for obtaining mechanical connecting structure, connected piece (2) and centre connected piece (1) in upside
It slots, slots (5) on downside connected piece (3) and the contact surface of intermediate connected piece (1), to be foil gauge on contact surface
Equal measuring devices (6) provide installation space.For each connected piece, answered by the upper and lower surfaces in section between 2 fasteners
Become measured value, the pin load distribution that can be obtained the load of current cross-section transmitting, and then obtain entire mechanical connecting structure, which is tested, to be surveyed
Measure result.Intermediate plate (1) detail view is as shown in Figure 5.
More specifically, the a-a schematic cross-section in Fig. 4 is as shown in Figure 6.It is tight at two for intermediate connected piece (1)
The load that section is transmitted between firmware (4) can be obtained by the measuring devices such as foil gauge of the arrangement at fluting (7) and fluting (8)
?.Another scheme on connected piece as shown in fig. 7, do not slot, but by way of being added gasket between connected piece,
Arrangement space is provided for measuring devices such as foil gauges.
The key point of technical scheme and point to be protected:
The protection point of this patent is to propose a kind of method of directly measurement mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution.In machinery
It slots on the contact surface of connection structure connected piece or increases gasket, arrange the test measurements devices such as foil gauge；By being connected
Part directly obtains connected piece in the magnitude of load to uniform section, can further obtain to the inner and outer surfaces strain measurement of uniform section
Obtain the pin load distribution of entire mechanical connecting structure.This patent, which avoids traditional strain measurement method, can not consider connected piece along thick
Spend direction bending the shortcomings that, suitable for configuration complexity mechanical connecting structure nail carry test, with it is easy to operate, accuracy is high,
The advantages that inexpensive.
The program in realization principle based on the assumption that
(1) it is much smaller than connected piece plate thickness t (such as t'/t < 10) in fluting (cushioning) depth t', (cushioning) length of slotting
When l' is much smaller than the distance between 2 fasteners l (such as l'/l < 5), it is believed that can on the influence of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution
Ignore；
(2) linear distribution is obeyed in region of the connected piece between two fasteners, through-thickness strain.
(3) according to the scheme for pasting foil gauge, region of the connected piece between two fasteners is strained along width side
It is smaller to variable gradient.
As shown in figure 8, using the process of this patent measurement pin load distribution are as follows:
(1) testpieces configuration (fastener, connected piece quantity etc.) is determined；
(2) connection structure pre-assembled (punching etc.)；
(3) it slots or is added gasket in connected piece inner surface, and paste the measuring devices such as foil gauge；
(4) connection structure completes assembly；
(5) test loads and measures strain；
(6) pin load distribution is calculated according to strain measurement result.
Pin load distribution calculation method is described in detail by taking typical machine connection structure as an example, but is not intended as to this hair
The bright foundation for doing any restrictions.
As shown in figure 9, the mechanical connecting structure connected piece number of plies=3, fastener number of rows=3, intermediate connected piece, upside
Connected piece is connected with downside connected piece by 3 fasteners.Intermediate connected piece transmitting full payload is F, and upside is connected
Part, downside connected piece transmitting full payload are respectively FuAnd Fd.Load on intermediate connected piece is gradually transmitted by 3 bolts
Onto upside connected piece and downside connected piece, the posting size of 3 bolts is respectively Fb1、Fb2And Fb3.Centre is connected
Fitting, the magnitude of load between 1-2 fastener are denoted as Fm1, the magnitude of load between 2-3 fastener is denoted as Fm2；For upper
Side connected piece, the magnitude of load between 1-2 fastener are denoted as Fu1, the magnitude of load between 2-3 fastener is denoted as Fu2；
For downside connected piece, the magnitude of load between 1-2 fastener is denoted as Fd1, between 2-3 fastener magnitude of load note
For Fd2.The relationship being formulated between above-mentioned variable are as follows:
Therefore, as long as the transmitting magnitude of load in each connected piece section between nail, i.e. F can be measured accuratelym1、Fm2、Fu1、Fu2、
Fd1、Fd2, the posting size F of each fastener can be calculated by formula (1), (2)b1、Fb2And Fb3。
By taking intermediate connected piece as an example, F is illustratedm1Measurement and section load calculation method, schematic diagram it is as shown in Figure 10.It should
Section in the width direction, the Strain Distribution schematic diagram of thickness direction it is as shown in figure 11.Assuming that on the section, outer surface, interior table
Face, which corresponds, has pasted n foil gauge, and the strain that loading procedure China and foreign countries surface test obtains is respectively
The strain that inner surface is tested is respectivelyThe mean strain in the section can then be calculated are as follows:
Further, the transmitting magnitude of load F in the section can be calculated by formula (4)m1, wherein Em1It is connected piece along load side
To rigidity, Am1For the sectional area in the section.
The posting size F of each fastener can be calculated by formula (1), (2) as a result,b1、Fb2And Fb3。
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is by appended claims and its equivalent limits.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measures test method, which is characterized in that strain measurement method is based on, by quilt
Installation space is provided for strain gauge means between connector, suitable for the mechanical connection knot along loading direction containing multiple rows of fastener
The pin load distribution of structure measures, and connected piece is completely obtained by test measurement to the magnitude of load of uniform section, avoids introducing point
Uncertainty caused by analysis method.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: in the upper and lower surfaces of the mechanical connecting structure, being arranged between two neighboring fastener respectively more
A strain gauge means；
Step 2: the installation space of strain gauge means is provided between two connected pieces to contact with each other；
Step 2: multiple strain gauge means are mounted in the installation space；
Step 4: measuring the load of the section transmitting between two neighboring fastener；
Step 5: the pin load distribution measurement result of mechanical connecting structure is obtained,
Wherein, linear distribution is obeyed in region of the connected piece between adjacent two fasteners, through-thickness strain.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step 1 specifically includes:
It slots between two connected pieces to contact with each other, the installation space as strain gauge means.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step 1 specifically includes:
It is added gasket between two connected pieces to contact with each other, forms the installation space of strain gauge means.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, region of the connected piece between two fasteners, strain
Variable gradient is smaller in the width direction.
6. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step 4 specifically includes:
For one of connected piece, the upper and lower surfaces between two neighboring fastener are respectively arranged with n strain measurement
Device by the strain that strain gauge means are tested from upper surface is respectively ε in loading procedurea1,εa2,...εan, under
The strain that surface test obtains is respectively εb1,εb2,...εbn, then the mean strain in the section can be calculated are as follows:
The transmitting magnitude of load F in the section is calculated as follows, wherein E is rigidity of the connected piece along loading direction, and A is
The sectional area in the section:
7. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the strain gauge means include foil gauge, piezoelectric patches, light
Grid optical fiber.
8. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the method is suitable for the connected piece number of plies >=2, along load
The mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution of direction fastener number of rows >=2 measures.
9. the pin load distribution measurement method of multiple rows of bolt fastening structure in a kind of aircraft connection structure, the aircraft connection structure are adopted
With the mode of mechanical connection, which is characterized in that the method is connected using machinery according to any one of claim 1 to 8
Binding structure pin load distribution measurement test method measures the pin load distribution of multiple rows of bolt fastening structure in aircraft connection structure.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811441925.4A CN109596249A (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | A kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method |
| PCT/CN2018/120272 WO2020107529A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-12-11 | Test method for pin load distribution measurement for mechanical connection structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811441925.4A CN109596249A (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | A kind of mechanical connecting structure pin load distribution measurement test method |
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| CN110411746A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-05 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | A kind of shear pin carrying allocation for test device and test method |
| CN111537331A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-14 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Mechanical connection structure load transfer device and test method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2020107529A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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