CN110398310A - Force-measuring bolt and bolt stress measurement system and method based on built-in steel string sensor - Google Patents
Force-measuring bolt and bolt stress measurement system and method based on built-in steel string sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及工程结构安全监测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓、螺栓应力测量系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of engineering structure safety monitoring, in particular to a force-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor, and a bolt stress measuring system and method.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国社会发展，工程建设量逐年增大，相应的工程建设安全监测保障需求也日益增加。现代工程建筑中大量使用钢结构件、混凝土构件等各类建筑物构件，通常使用紧固螺栓确保各构件之间连接牢固，因此对于紧固螺栓的应力测量是保障工程安全的一项重要监测内容。With the development of our country's society, the amount of engineering construction is increasing year by year, and the corresponding demand for safety monitoring and guarantee of engineering construction is also increasing. Various building components such as steel structural parts and concrete components are widely used in modern engineering buildings. Fastening bolts are usually used to ensure that the connections between the components are firm. Therefore, the stress measurement of fastening bolts is an important monitoring content to ensure engineering safety. .
目前螺栓的应力测量有多种方式，常见的有在螺柱表面安装光纤光栅传感器、电阻应变片式传感器和表面安装钢弦式传感器来测量螺栓，但这些方法均只能测得螺柱表面的应变，无法消除偏心误差的影响，会带来较大的测量误差，有的甚至不能测量直径较小的螺栓。At present, there are many ways to measure the stress of bolts. The common ones are to install fiber grating sensors, resistance strain gauge sensors and surface-mounted steel string sensors on the surface of studs to measure bolts, but these methods can only measure the stress on the surface of studs. Strain cannot eliminate the influence of eccentricity error, which will bring large measurement errors, and some bolts with smaller diameters cannot even be measured.
常规测力螺栓受工作原理的限制，存在如下缺点：1)通过测量螺栓表面应变转换为螺栓应力的方式，会带来更大的测量误差；2)为抵消偏心影响，需要多个传感器，可靠性差。3)传感器布置在表面，安装中容易受到外部磕碰的影响，难以保护，易于损坏，同时表面安装的传感器会增加螺栓的外形尺寸，且大多不适合小直径的螺栓，通用性差。Conventional force-measuring bolts are limited by the working principle, and have the following disadvantages: 1) By converting the bolt surface strain into bolt stress, it will bring greater measurement error; 2) To offset the eccentricity, multiple sensors are required, which is reliable Poor sex. 3) The sensor is arranged on the surface, which is easily affected by external bumps during installation, difficult to protect, and easy to damage. At the same time, the surface-mounted sensor will increase the overall size of the bolt, and most of them are not suitable for small-diameter bolts, and their versatility is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓、螺栓应力测量系统及方法，使用内置的钢弦式传感器在不改变螺栓外形的前提下实现螺栓应力精准测量，具有结构简单、相对精度更高、安装方便实用的优点。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a force-measuring bolt and a bolt stress measurement system and method based on a built-in steel string sensor, and uses the built-in steel string sensor to achieve accurate bolt stress without changing the shape of the bolt. The measurement has the advantages of simple structure, higher relative accuracy, convenient and practical installation.
为实现以上目的，本发明所采用的技术方案包括：For realizing the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention comprises:
一种基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓，包括螺栓本体、钢弦式传感器和信号传输电缆；A load-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor, including a bolt body, a steel string sensor and a signal transmission cable;
所述螺栓本体包括一体成型的螺栓螺帽与螺栓柱体以及沿螺栓本体纵向轴线设置的传感器安装孔和沿与螺栓本体纵向轴线垂直方向设置于螺栓柱体上并穿至传感器安装孔的两个顶丝；所述传感器安装孔从螺栓螺帽一端延伸入螺栓柱体一定深度以便将钢弦式传感器沿传感器安装孔置入螺栓柱体内；The bolt body includes an integrally formed bolt nut and bolt cylinder, a sensor installation hole arranged along the longitudinal axis of the bolt body, and two holes arranged on the bolt cylinder along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bolt body and passing through the sensor installation hole. jacking wire; the sensor installation hole extends from one end of the bolt nut into the bolt cylinder to a certain depth so that the steel string sensor is inserted into the bolt cylinder along the sensor installation hole;
所述钢弦式传感器包括钢弦、电感线圈、设置于电感线圈内部的磁铁、两个钢弦固定端块以及信号导线；所述钢弦两端分别各固定设置有一个钢弦固定端块，且钢弦在被钢弦固定端块固定的同时带有预应力使钢弦处于张紧状态；所述钢弦长度以及两钢弦固定端块之间距离匹配螺栓柱体上的两个顶丝位置，使两个顶丝能够分别对应一个钢弦固定端块旋进固定从而螺栓本体与钢弦式传感器之间相对固定；所述内部设置有磁铁的电感线圈设置于两钢弦固定端块之间并环绕钢弦；所述信号导线一端连接电感线圈，另一端连接信号传输电缆；The steel string sensor includes a steel string, an inductance coil, a magnet disposed inside the inductance coil, two steel string fixed end blocks and signal wires; two ends of the steel string are respectively fixed with a steel string fixed end block, And the steel string is fixed by the steel string fixed end block while being prestressed so that the steel string is in a tensioned state; the length of the steel string and the distance between the two steel string fixed end blocks match the two jackscrews on the bolt cylinder Position, so that the two jacking wires can respectively correspond to a steel string fixed end block screwed in and fixed so that the bolt body and the steel string sensor are relatively fixed; the inductance coil with a magnet inside is arranged between the two steel string fixed end blocks and surround the steel string; one end of the signal wire is connected to the inductance coil, and the other end is connected to the signal transmission cable;
所述信号传输电缆连接钢弦式传感器的信号导线并向钢弦式传感器传输变频交流信号同时将钢弦式传感器产生的振动频率信号输出。The signal transmission cable is connected with the signal wire of the steel string sensor and transmits the frequency conversion AC signal to the steel string sensor while outputting the vibration frequency signal generated by the steel string sensor.
进一步地，钢弦式传感器内置于螺栓本体内部并与螺栓本体保持同轴。Further, the steel string sensor is built inside the bolt body and remains coaxial with the bolt body.
进一步地，所述螺栓本体与钢弦之间相对固定指当螺栓本体受到应力发生拉伸或压缩形变时，与之相对固定的钢弦式传感器中的钢弦同样发生拉伸或压缩。Further, the relative fixation between the bolt body and the steel string means that when the bolt body receives stress and undergoes tension or compression deformation, the steel string in the steel string sensor fixed relatively to it also undergoes tension or compression.
一种基于内置钢弦式传感器的螺栓应力测量系统，其特征在于，包括如上所述的测力螺栓，还包括远程设置的测量仪表，所述测力螺栓的信号传输电缆远程连接测量仪表从而将钢弦式传感器产生的振动频率信号输出至测量仪表；所述测量仪表向钢弦式传感器发出变频交流信号同时根据振动频率信号计算并显示螺栓本体的荷载变化。A bolt stress measurement system based on a built-in steel string sensor is characterized in that it includes the force-measuring bolt as described above, and also includes a measuring instrument remotely installed, and the signal transmission cable of the force-measuring bolt is remotely connected to the measuring instrument so that the The vibration frequency signal generated by the steel string sensor is output to the measuring instrument; the measuring instrument sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor and calculates and displays the load change of the bolt body according to the vibration frequency signal.
一种采用如上所述的基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring bolt stress using a force-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor as described above, comprising the following steps:
A、设置安装内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓；A. Set the load-measuring bolts with built-in steel string sensors;
B、设定测力螺栓正常应力形变状态下的基准振动频率信号；B. Set the reference vibration frequency signal under the normal stress and deformation state of the force-measuring bolt;
C、校准测力螺栓由于受力变化所造成应力形变幅度与振动频率信号变化量关系；C. Calibrate the relationship between the stress deformation amplitude and the vibration frequency signal change caused by the force change of the force measuring bolt;
D、测量仪表持续向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并接收返回的实时振动频率信号，通过将返回的实时振动频率信号与基准振动频率信号相对比得到振动频率信号变化量并据此计算得到螺栓本体的实时受力情况。D. The measuring instrument continuously sends variable frequency AC signals to the steel string sensor and receives the returned real-time vibration frequency signal. By comparing the returned real-time vibration frequency signal with the reference vibration frequency signal, the variation of the vibration frequency signal is obtained and the bolt is calculated accordingly. The real-time stress situation of the body.
进一步地，所述步骤A包括以下分步骤：Further, said step A includes the following sub-steps:
A1、根据预定的螺栓安装位置规格选择合适尺寸的螺栓本体以及钢弦式传感器；A1. Select the appropriate size of the bolt body and the steel string sensor according to the predetermined bolt installation position specifications;
A2、将钢弦式传感器插入螺栓本体的传感器安装孔中，使用顶丝旋进固定钢弦式传感器的两钢弦固定端块，使螺栓本体与钢弦式传感器之间相对固定；A2. Insert the steel string sensor into the sensor installation hole of the bolt body, and use the top wire to screw into the two steel string fixed end blocks of the fixed steel string sensor, so that the bolt body and the steel string sensor are relatively fixed;
A3、将钢弦式传感器的信号导线与信号传输电缆一端相连接，同时将信号传输电缆另一端与测量仪表相连接；A3. Connect the signal wire of the steel string sensor to one end of the signal transmission cable, and at the same time connect the other end of the signal transmission cable to the measuring instrument;
A4、将内置有钢弦式传感器的螺栓本体安装在预定的螺栓安装位置。A4. Install the bolt body with the built-in steel string sensor at the predetermined bolt installation position.
进一步地，所述步骤B包括以下分步骤：Further, the step B includes the following sub-steps:
B1、螺栓本体安装到位后，测量仪表向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并在特定时间内保持发送状态；B1. After the bolt body is installed in place, the measuring instrument sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor and maintains the sending state within a specific time;
B2、钢弦式传感器的电感线圈接收到变频交流信号产生磁场，所述磁场使钢弦产生机械谐振并切割磁场磁力线产生对应的振动频率信号；B2. The inductance coil of the steel string sensor receives a frequency-variable AC signal to generate a magnetic field, and the magnetic field causes the steel string to generate mechanical resonance and cuts the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a corresponding vibration frequency signal;
B3、电感线圈拾取由钢弦机械谐振产生的振动频率信号并通过信号导线和信号传输电缆输出至测量仪表；B3. The inductance coil picks up the vibration frequency signal generated by the mechanical resonance of the steel string and outputs it to the measuring instrument through the signal wire and signal transmission cable;
B4、测量仪表接收并记录所述特定时间内产生的振动频率信号，通过算数平均值计算或统计平均值计算或正态分布均值计算得到对应该螺栓本体的基准振动频率信号。B4. The measuring instrument receives and records the vibration frequency signal generated within the specified time, and obtains the reference vibration frequency signal corresponding to the bolt body through arithmetic average calculation or statistical average calculation or normal distribution average calculation.
进一步地，所述步骤C包括以下分步骤：Further, said step C includes the following sub-steps:
C1、对处于正常应力形变状态下的螺栓本体施加一额外应力并在特定时间内保持额外应力施加状态，同时测量仪表向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并在所述特定时间内保持发送状态；C1. Apply an extra stress to the bolt body in the normal stress-deformation state and maintain the extra stress application state within a specific time, and at the same time, the measuring instrument sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor and maintains the sending state within the specific time;
C2、钢弦式传感器的电感线圈接收到变频交流信号产生磁场，所述磁场使钢弦产生机械谐振并切割磁场磁力线产生对应的振动频率信号；C2. The inductance coil of the steel string sensor receives a variable frequency AC signal to generate a magnetic field, and the magnetic field causes the steel string to generate mechanical resonance and cuts the magnetic force lines of the magnetic field to generate a corresponding vibration frequency signal;
C3、额外应力导致螺栓本体产生形变，同时与螺栓本体相对固定的钢弦式传感器中钢弦长度发生相对应变化；C3. The extra stress causes the bolt body to deform, and at the same time, the length of the steel string in the steel string sensor relatively fixed to the bolt body changes accordingly;
C4、磁场内钢弦长度变化使钢弦产生的机械谐振频率发生改变，电感线圈拾取由频率改变后的机械谐振产生的振动频率信号并通过信号导线和信号传输电缆输出至测量仪表；C4. The change of the length of the steel string in the magnetic field changes the mechanical resonance frequency generated by the steel string, and the inductance coil picks up the vibration frequency signal generated by the mechanical resonance after the frequency change and outputs it to the measuring instrument through the signal wire and signal transmission cable;
C5、测量仪表接收并记录所述特定时间内产生的振动频率信号，通过算数平均值计算或统计平均值计算或正态分布均值计算得到对应该螺栓在额外应力作用下的振动频率信号；C5. The measuring instrument receives and records the vibration frequency signal generated within the specified time, and obtains the vibration frequency signal corresponding to the bolt under the action of additional stress through arithmetic mean value calculation or statistical mean value calculation or normal distribution mean value calculation;
C6、更改作用在螺栓上的额外应力，针对每个不同的额外应力重复步骤C1至C5，测量仪表得到振动频率信号；C6. Change the additional stress acting on the bolt, repeat steps C1 to C5 for each different additional stress, and the measuring instrument obtains the vibration frequency signal;
C7、通过额外应力与振动频率信号之间的对应关系得到螺栓由于受力变化所造成应力形变幅度与振动频率信号变化量关系。C7. Through the corresponding relationship between the additional stress and the vibration frequency signal, the relationship between the stress deformation amplitude of the bolt due to the force change and the variation of the vibration frequency signal is obtained.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
采用本发明所述基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓、螺栓应力测量系统及方法，测力螺栓的螺栓本体包括一体成型的螺栓螺帽与螺栓柱体，并设置从螺栓螺帽一端延伸入螺栓柱体一定深度的传感器安装孔，以将钢弦式传感器沿传感器安装孔置入螺栓柱体内，形成内置式钢弦式传感器且同时也是一种微型钢弦式应变传感器。使用时，因为测力螺栓与普通螺栓外形完全相同，只需根据所需测力螺栓直径、长度及螺纹规格等外形尺寸订制等同规格的测力螺栓，与普通的螺栓相比，除测力螺栓的螺栓螺帽端多一根信号传输电缆外，在使用上则完全相同，故能够在不改变螺栓外形的前提下实现螺栓应力的精准测量；利用钢弦式传感器内置的方法，不需要改变螺栓外形，同时不需要占用螺栓外部空间布置钢弦式传感器，适合各种直径尺寸的螺栓使用，且不会受到外部碰撞影响，不易损坏；钢弦式传感器技术成熟，特定结构的螺栓本体与钢弦式传感器相结合，钢弦式传感器沿传感器安装孔置入螺栓柱体内，钢弦长度以及两钢弦固定端块之间距离匹配螺栓柱体上的两个顶丝位置，也就是说，固定钢弦式传感器的钢弦两端的钢弦固定端块使用顶丝固定在螺栓本体的传感器安装孔，防止其松弛，长期稳定性好，能够适应工程结构的永久监测使用；钢弦式传感器同轴内置于螺栓中心，用以同步测量螺栓在轴向产生的拉/压形变，有效减少偏心荷载的影响，避免了使用多个传感器抵消偏心影响带来的可靠性降低、稳定性差的问题，同时当螺栓柱体受力被拉伸或压缩时，钢弦的张力随螺栓柱体变形同步变形，从而导致钢弦的张力改变即频率的变化，通过测量钢弦的谐振频率的变化量并进行校准，即可得到螺栓柱体的变形即荷载变化，最终实现螺栓应力的远程在线测量，相较现有技术先测量螺栓外部表面应变再转换为螺栓应力的方法能够实现更小的测量误差；本发明的测力螺栓乃至整个螺栓应力测量系统整体结构简单可靠，抗振、抗摔、防水，可在各种特殊环境下使用，特别涉及个钢结构、混凝土构件的紧固螺栓的应力测量，如用于桥梁、各类建筑物钢结构件、混凝土构件等各类建筑物构件。Using the force-measuring bolt and bolt stress measurement system and method based on the built-in steel string sensor of the present invention, the bolt body of the force-measuring bolt includes an integrally formed bolt nut and bolt cylinder, and is set to extend from one end of the bolt nut into the The sensor mounting hole of a certain depth in the bolt cylinder is used to place the steel string sensor into the bolt cylinder along the sensor mounting hole to form a built-in steel string sensor and also a miniature steel string strain sensor. When using, because the shape of the force-measuring bolt is exactly the same as that of the ordinary bolt, it is only necessary to order the force-measuring bolt of the same specification according to the external dimensions such as the diameter, length and thread specification of the required force-measuring bolt. Except for one more signal transmission cable at the bolt nut end of the bolt, the use is exactly the same, so the bolt stress can be accurately measured without changing the shape of the bolt; the built-in method of the steel string sensor does not need to be changed. The shape of the bolt does not need to occupy the outer space of the bolt to arrange the steel string sensor, which is suitable for bolts of various diameters and sizes, and will not be affected by external collisions and is not easy to damage; the steel string sensor technology is mature, and the bolt body with a specific structure The combination of the string sensor, the steel string sensor is placed in the bolt cylinder along the sensor installation hole, the length of the steel string and the distance between the fixed end blocks of the two steel strings match the positions of the two top wires on the bolt cylinder, that is to say, the fixed The steel string fixed end blocks at both ends of the steel string of the steel string sensor are fixed to the sensor installation hole of the bolt body with the top wire to prevent it from loosening. The long-term stability is good and it can be used for permanent monitoring of engineering structures; the steel string sensor is coaxial Built in the center of the bolt, it is used to simultaneously measure the tension/compression deformation of the bolt in the axial direction, effectively reducing the influence of eccentric load, and avoiding the problems of reduced reliability and poor stability caused by using multiple sensors to offset the influence of eccentricity. When the bolt cylinder is stretched or compressed, the tension of the steel string deforms synchronously with the deformation of the bolt cylinder, resulting in a change in the tension of the steel string, that is, a change in frequency. By measuring the change in the resonant frequency of the steel string and calibrating, The deformation of the bolt cylinder, that is, the load change, can be obtained, and the remote online measurement of the bolt stress can be finally realized. Compared with the prior art, the method of first measuring the external surface strain of the bolt and then converting it into the bolt stress can achieve smaller measurement errors; The overall structure of the dynamometer bolt and even the entire bolt stress measurement system is simple and reliable, anti-vibration, anti-drop, waterproof, and can be used in various special environments, especially involving the stress measurement of fastening bolts of individual steel structures and concrete components, such as for Bridges, various building steel structures, concrete components and other building components.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓以及采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统外观示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a force-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor and a bolt stress measurement system using the force-measuring bolt according to the present invention.
图2为本发明基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓以及采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a force-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor and a bolt stress measurement system using the force-measuring bolt according to the present invention.
附图编号说明：1-螺栓本体、101-顶丝、102-传感器安装孔、2-钢弦式传感器、201-钢弦、202-电感线圈、203-磁铁、204-钢弦固定端块、205-信号导线、3-信号传输电缆、4-测量仪表。Description of the accompanying drawings: 1-bolt body, 101-top wire, 102-sensor installation hole, 2-steel string sensor, 201-steel string, 202-inductance coil, 203-magnet, 204-steel string fixed end block, 205-signal wire, 3-signal transmission cable, 4-measuring instrument.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更清楚的理解本发明的内容，将结合附图和实施例详细说明。In order to understand the content of the present invention more clearly, it will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
本发明涉及了基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓、采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统及方法，利用钢弦所受张力与钢弦在磁场内谐振频率成比例关系的特点，当螺栓柱体受力被拉伸或压缩时，钢弦的张力随螺栓柱体变形同步变形，从而导致钢弦的张力改变即频率的变化，通过测量钢弦的谐振频率的变化量并进行校准，即可得到螺栓柱体的变形即荷载变化，最终实现螺栓应力的远程在线测量。The invention relates to a force-measuring bolt based on a built-in steel string sensor, a bolt stress measurement system and method using the force-measuring bolt, and utilizes the characteristic that the tension on the steel string is proportional to the resonant frequency of the steel string in a magnetic field. When the column is stretched or compressed, the tension of the steel string deforms synchronously with the deformation of the bolt column, resulting in a change in the tension of the steel string, that is, a change in frequency. By measuring the change in the resonant frequency of the steel string and calibrating it, that is The deformation of the bolt column can be obtained, that is, the load change, and finally the remote online measurement of the bolt stress can be realized.
使用本发明所述内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓以及采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统，无需对螺栓外形及外部结构做出更改，如图1所示为本发明基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓以及采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统外观示意图，从图上可见内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓包括螺栓本体1(内置钢弦式传感器)和信号传输电缆3，基于内置钢弦式传感器的螺栓应力测量系统包括该测力螺栓，还包括远程设置的测量仪表4，其测力螺栓部分外形与普通螺栓完全相同，只需根据所需螺栓直径、长度及螺纹规格等外形尺寸订制等同规格的内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓。与普通的螺栓相比，除螺栓的螺帽端多一根信号传输电缆外，在使用上完全相同。Using the force-measuring bolt with the built-in steel string sensor of the present invention and the bolt stress measurement system using the force-measuring bolt does not need to change the shape and external structure of the bolt. As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is based on the built-in steel string sensor. The appearance schematic diagram of the force-measuring bolt of the sensor and the bolt stress measurement system using the force-measuring bolt. It can be seen from the figure that the force-measuring bolt with a built-in steel string sensor includes a bolt body 1 (built-in steel string sensor) and a signal transmission cable 3, based on The bolt stress measurement system with built-in steel string sensor includes the force-measuring bolt and the measuring instrument 4 which is set remotely. The outer dimensions are equivalent to the force measuring bolts with built-in steel string sensors. Compared with ordinary bolts, except that there is an extra signal transmission cable at the nut end of the bolt, it is exactly the same in use.
如图2所示为本发明基于内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓以及采用该测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量系统结构示意图，测力螺栓包括螺栓本体1、钢弦式传感器2和信号传输电缆3，也就是说，测力螺栓包括图2中除测量仪表4以外的左边部分，螺栓应力测量系统包括高强度的螺栓本体1、微型的钢弦式传感器2、信号传输电缆3、测量仪表4；其中所述螺栓本体1包括一体成型的螺栓螺帽与螺栓柱体以及沿螺栓本体1纵向轴线设置的传感器安装孔102和沿与螺栓本体1纵向轴线垂直方向设置于螺栓柱体1上并穿至传感器安装孔102的两个顶丝101，所述传感器安装孔102从螺栓螺帽一端延伸入螺栓柱体但不穿透，也就是延伸入一定深度，以便将钢弦式传感器2沿传感器安装孔102置入螺栓柱体内；钢弦式传感器2内置于螺栓本体1内部并与螺栓本体1保持同轴；钢弦式传感器2作为测力敏感元件，安装在螺栓本体1内部的传感器安装孔102内，所述钢弦式传感器2(也可称为是钢弦式应变传感器)包括钢弦201、微型的电感线圈202、设置于电感线圈202内部的磁铁203、两个钢弦固定端块204以及信号导线205；所述钢弦201两端分别各固定设置有一个钢弦固定端块204，两钢弦固定端204块可以采用焊接工艺分别固定于钢弦201两端，且钢弦201在被钢弦固定端块204固定的同时带有预应力使钢弦201处于张紧状态，也就是说，在被固定前钢弦201使用一定的预应力被张紧，钢弦201受到的张力与钢弦201的谐振频率成比例关系；所述钢弦201长度以及两钢弦固定端块204之间距离匹配螺栓柱体上的两个顶丝101位置，使两个顶丝101能够分别对应一个钢弦固定端块204旋进固定，固定钢弦式传感器2的钢弦201两端的钢弦固定端块204使用顶丝101固定在螺栓本体1的传感器安装孔102，防止其松弛，将螺栓本体1与钢弦式传感器2之间相对固定，钢弦式传感器2工作原理为：通过在电感线圈202两端施加变频交流信号，即会在电感线圈202内产生交变磁场，从而导致钢弦201产生机械谐振并切割磁力线，其振动频率信号被电感线圈202所感应并通过信号导线205及信号传输电缆3远程输出到测量仪表4。当螺栓本体1受到应力发生拉伸或压缩形变时，与之相对固定的钢弦式传感器2中的钢弦201同样发生拉伸或压缩，即钢弦201的张力随螺栓本体1变形同步变形，从而导致钢弦201的张力改变即频率的变化，通过测量钢弦201的谐振频率的变化量并进行校准，即可得到螺栓本体1的变形即荷载变化，最终实现螺栓应力的远程在线测量；所述内部设置有磁铁203的电感线圈202设置于两钢弦固定端块204之间并环绕钢弦201；所述信号导线205一端连接电感线圈202，另一端连接信号传输电缆3；所述信号传输电缆3连接钢弦式传感器2的信号导线205并向钢弦式传感器2传输变频交流信号同时将钢弦式传感器2产生的振动频率信号输出至测量仪表4，所述测量仪表4向钢弦式传感器2发出变频交流信号同时根据振动频率信号计算并显示螺栓本体1的荷载变化。As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is based on a force-measuring bolt with a built-in steel string sensor and a structural schematic diagram of a bolt stress measurement system using the force-measuring bolt. The force-measuring bolt includes a bolt body 1, a steel string sensor 2 and a signal transmission cable 3 That is to say, the force-measuring bolt includes the left part except the measuring instrument 4 in Fig. 2, and the bolt stress measuring system includes a high-strength bolt body 1, a miniature steel string sensor 2, a signal transmission cable 3, and a measuring instrument 4; Wherein the bolt body 1 includes an integrally formed bolt nut and a bolt cylinder and a sensor mounting hole 102 arranged along the longitudinal axis of the bolt body 1 and arranged on the bolt cylinder 1 along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bolt body 1 and passing through to Two jacking wires 101 of the sensor installation hole 102, the sensor installation hole 102 extends from one end of the bolt nut into the bolt cylinder but does not penetrate, that is, extends into a certain depth, so that the steel string sensor 2 is inserted along the sensor installation hole. 102 is placed in the bolt cylinder; the steel string sensor 2 is built into the bolt body 1 and kept coaxial with the bolt body 1; the steel string sensor 2 is installed in the sensor installation hole 102 inside the bolt body 1 as a force-measuring sensitive element , the steel string sensor 2 (also referred to as a steel string strain sensor) includes a steel string 201, a miniature inductance coil 202, a magnet 203 arranged inside the inductance coil 202, two steel string fixed end blocks 204 and Signal wire 205; two ends of the steel string 201 are respectively fixed with a steel string fixed end block 204, and the two steel string fixed ends 204 can be respectively fixed to the two ends of the steel string 201 by welding process, and the steel string 201 is The steel string fixing end block 204 is fixed with prestress to make the steel string 201 in a tensioned state, that is to say, the steel string 201 is tensioned with a certain prestress before being fixed, and the tension force on the steel string 201 is the same as that of the steel string 201. The resonance frequency of the string 201 is proportional; the length of the steel string 201 and the distance between the fixed end blocks 204 of the two steel strings match the positions of the two top wires 101 on the bolt cylinder, so that the two top wires 101 can correspond to a steel wire respectively. The string fixed end block 204 is screwed in and fixed, and the steel string fixed end block 204 at both ends of the steel string 201 of the fixed steel string type sensor 2 is fixed to the sensor mounting hole 102 of the bolt body 1 with a top wire 101 to prevent it from being loose. Relatively fixed to the steel string sensor 2, the working principle of the steel string sensor 2 is as follows: by applying a variable frequency AC signal at both ends of the inductance coil 202, an alternating magnetic field will be generated in the inductance coil 202, thereby causing the steel string 201 to generate The machine resonates and cuts the magnetic force lines, and its vibration frequency signal is induced by the inductance coil 202 and remotely output to the measuring instrument 4 through the signal wire 205 and the signal transmission cable 3 . When the bolt body 1 is stretched or compressed under stress, the steel string 201 in the relatively fixed steel string sensor 2 is also stretched or compressed, that is, the tension of the steel string 201 deforms synchronously with the deformation of the bolt body 1, As a result, the tension of the steel string 201 changes, that is, the frequency changes. By measuring the change in the resonant frequency of the steel string 201 and performing calibration, the deformation of the bolt body 1, that is, the load change, can be obtained, and finally the remote online measurement of the bolt stress is realized; The inductance coil 202 with the magnet 203 inside is set between two steel string fixed end blocks 204 and surrounds the steel string 201; one end of the signal wire 205 is connected to the inductance coil 202, and the other end is connected to the signal transmission cable 3; the signal transmission The cable 3 is connected to the signal conductor 205 of the steel string sensor 2 and transmits the frequency conversion AC signal to the steel string sensor 2, and at the same time outputs the vibration frequency signal generated by the steel string sensor 2 to the measuring instrument 4, and the measuring instrument 4 is connected to the steel string sensor. The sensor 2 sends out a variable frequency AC signal and calculates and displays the load change of the bolt body 1 according to the vibration frequency signal.
使用过程中，测量仪表4向钢弦式传感器2发出变频交流信号，电感线圈202接收到变频交流信号产生磁场使钢弦201产生机械谐振，通过机械谐振使钢弦201有规律的切割磁场磁力线产生振动频率信号并回传至测量仪表4，测量仪表4根据该振动频率信号计算并显示螺栓本体1的荷载变化。During use, the measuring instrument 4 sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor 2, and the inductance coil 202 receives the variable frequency AC signal to generate a magnetic field to cause the steel string 201 to generate mechanical resonance, and through the mechanical resonance, the steel string 201 regularly cuts the magnetic field and generates magnetic lines The vibration frequency signal is transmitted back to the measuring instrument 4, and the measuring instrument 4 calculates and displays the load change of the bolt body 1 according to the vibration frequency signal.
本发明还涉及一种基于内置钢弦式传感器的螺栓应力测量方法，是采用上述的内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓的螺栓应力测量方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also relates to a bolt stress measurement method based on a built-in steel string sensor, which is a method for measuring bolt stress of a force-measuring bolt using the above-mentioned built-in steel string sensor, comprising the following steps:
A、设置安装内置钢弦式传感器的测力螺栓；该步骤具体可优选为下述步骤A1-A4：A. Set the load-measuring bolts with built-in steel string sensors; this step can be preferably the following steps A1-A4:
A1、根据预定的螺栓安装位置规格选择合适尺寸的螺栓本体以及钢弦式传感器；A1. Select the appropriate size of the bolt body and the steel string sensor according to the predetermined bolt installation position specifications;
A2、将钢弦式传感器插入螺栓本体的传感器安装孔中，使用顶丝旋进固定钢弦式传感器的两钢弦固定端块，使螺栓本体与钢弦式传感器之间相对固定；A2. Insert the steel string sensor into the sensor installation hole of the bolt body, and use the top wire to screw into the two steel string fixed end blocks of the fixed steel string sensor, so that the bolt body and the steel string sensor are relatively fixed;
A3、将钢弦式传感器的信号导线与信号传输电缆一端相连接，同时将信号传输电缆另一端与测量仪表相连接；A3. Connect the signal wire of the steel string sensor to one end of the signal transmission cable, and at the same time connect the other end of the signal transmission cable to the measuring instrument;
A4、将内置有钢弦式传感器的螺栓本体安装在预定的螺栓安装位置。A4. Install the bolt body with the built-in steel string sensor at the predetermined bolt installation position.
B、设定测力螺栓正常应力形变状态下的基准振动频率信号；该步骤具体可优选为下述步骤B1-B4：B. Set the reference vibration frequency signal under the normal stress and deformation state of the force-measuring bolt; this step can be preferably the following steps B1-B4:
B1、螺栓本体安装到位后，测量仪表向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并在特定时间t内保持发送状态；B1. After the bolt body is installed in place, the measuring instrument sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor and maintains the sending state within a specific time t;
B2、钢弦式传感器的电感线圈接收到变频交流信号产生磁场，所述磁场使钢弦产生机械谐振并切割磁场磁力线产生对应的振动频率信号；B2. The inductance coil of the steel string sensor receives a frequency-variable AC signal to generate a magnetic field, and the magnetic field causes the steel string to generate mechanical resonance and cuts the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field to generate a corresponding vibration frequency signal;
B3、电感线圈拾取由钢弦机械谐振产生的振动频率信号并通过信号导线和信号传输电缆输出至测量仪表；B3. The inductance coil picks up the vibration frequency signal generated by the mechanical resonance of the steel string and outputs it to the measuring instrument through the signal wire and signal transmission cable;
B4、测量仪表接收并记录该特定时间t内产生的振动频率信号，通过算数平均值计算或统计平均值计算或正态分布均值计算得到对应该螺栓本体的基准振动频率信号。B4. The measuring instrument receives and records the vibration frequency signal generated within the specific time t, and obtains the reference vibration frequency signal corresponding to the bolt body through arithmetic average calculation or statistical average calculation or normal distribution average calculation.
C、校准测力螺栓由于受力变化所造成应力形变幅度与振动频率信号变化量关系；该步骤具体可优选为下述步骤C1-C7：C. Calibrate the relationship between the stress deformation amplitude and the vibration frequency signal variation caused by the force change of the force-measuring bolt; this step can be preferably the following steps C1-C7:
C1、对处于正常应力形变状态下的螺栓本体施加一额外应力F1并在特定时间t内保持额外应力施加状态，同时测量仪表向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并在该特定时间t内保持发送状态；C1. Apply an additional stress F1 to the bolt body in the normal stress-deformation state and maintain the additional stress application state within a specific time t. At the same time, the measuring instrument sends a variable frequency AC signal to the steel string sensor and keeps sending it within the specific time t. state;
C2、钢弦式传感器的电感线圈接收到变频交流信号产生磁场，所述磁场使钢弦产生机械谐振并切割磁场磁力线产生对应的振动频率信号；C2. The inductance coil of the steel string sensor receives a variable frequency AC signal to generate a magnetic field, and the magnetic field causes the steel string to generate mechanical resonance and cuts the magnetic force lines of the magnetic field to generate a corresponding vibration frequency signal;
C3、额外应力F1导致螺栓本体产生形变，同时与螺栓本体相对固定的钢弦式传感器中钢弦长度发生相对应变化；C3. The additional stress F1 causes the deformation of the bolt body, and at the same time, the length of the steel string in the steel string sensor relatively fixed to the bolt body changes accordingly;
C4、磁场内钢弦长度变化使钢弦产生的机械谐振频率发生改变，电感线圈拾取由频率改变后的机械谐振产生的振动频率信号并通过信号导线和信号传输电缆输出至测量仪表；C4. The change of the length of the steel string in the magnetic field changes the mechanical resonance frequency generated by the steel string, and the inductance coil picks up the vibration frequency signal generated by the mechanical resonance after the frequency change and outputs it to the measuring instrument through the signal wire and signal transmission cable;
C5、测量仪表接收并记录该特定时间t内产生的振动频率信号，通过算数平均值计算或统计平均值计算或正态分布均值计算得到对应该螺栓在额外应力F1作用下的振动频率信号F1；C5. The measuring instrument receives and records the vibration frequency signal generated within the specific time t, and obtains the vibration frequency signal F1 corresponding to the bolt under the action of the additional stress F1 through arithmetic mean value calculation or statistical mean value calculation or normal distribution mean value calculation;
C6、更改作用在螺栓上的额外应力为F2至Fn，针对每个不同的额外应力重复步骤C1至C6. Change the additional stress acting on the bolts from F2 to Fn, and repeat steps C1 to Fn for each different additional stress
C5，测量仪表得到振动频率信号F2至Fn，其中n为根据测量需要确定的任意大于2的正整数；C5, the measuring instrument obtains the vibration frequency signals F2 to Fn, wherein n is any positive integer greater than 2 determined according to the measurement needs;
C7、通过额外应力F1至Fn与振动频率信号F1至Fn之间的对应关系得到螺栓由于受力变化所造成应力形变幅度与振动频率信号变化量关系。C7. Obtain the relationship between the stress deformation amplitude of the bolt due to the force change and the variation of the vibration frequency signal through the corresponding relationship between the additional stress F1 to Fn and the vibration frequency signal F1 to Fn.
D、测量仪表持续向钢弦式传感器发送变频交流信号并接收返回的实时振动频率信号，通过将返回的实时振动频率信号与基准振动频率信号相对比得到振动频率信号变化量并据此计算得到螺栓本体的实时受力情况。D. The measuring instrument continuously sends variable frequency AC signals to the steel string sensor and receives the returned real-time vibration frequency signal. By comparing the returned real-time vibration frequency signal with the reference vibration frequency signal, the variation of the vibration frequency signal is obtained and the bolt is calculated accordingly. The real-time stress situation of the body.
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention etc. should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN112665769A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-04-16 | 南昌新宝路航空科技有限公司 | Method for detecting machining stress of numerical control aviation thin-walled part |
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| CN115824057A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-03-21 | 国电投南通新能源有限公司 | A flange connection bolt monitoring system and monitoring method |
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