CN109592952B - Radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for high-latitude areas - Google Patents

Radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for high-latitude areas Download PDF

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CN109592952B
CN109592952B CN201910026868.1A CN201910026868A CN109592952B CN 109592952 B CN109592952 B CN 109592952B CN 201910026868 A CN201910026868 A CN 201910026868A CN 109592952 B CN109592952 B CN 109592952B
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radiation
sulphoaluminate cement
nuclear power
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barium
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CN109592952A (en
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程新
徐信刚
王守德
李树森
赵丕琪
芦令超
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University of Jinan
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/32—Aluminous cements
    • C04B7/323—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00862—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Abstract

The invention discloses a radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for a high-latitude area, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-30% of boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 5-15% of water, 20-40% of fine aggregate, 35-65% of coarse aggregate and 0.11-1% of additive. The radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas has excellent frost resistance, and can effectively shield and protect alpha, beta, gamma and X rays and absorb and protect neutron radiation because of containing a large amount of barium elements, boron elements, heavy metal elements and a large amount of crystal water; the boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement also contains barium element and iron element, can effectively protect gamma and X rays, has good durability, compact structure and high cement density, can effectively prevent the segregation phenomenon caused by overweight of aggregate, and can be well applied to nuclear power engineering in high-latitude and high-cold areas.

Description

Radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for high-latitude areas
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for a high-latitude area, and belongs to the field of special concrete.
Background
The novel energy represented by wind energy, solar energy, hydroenergy, bioenergy and the like has the problems of large regional difference, low energy density, poor power generation stability, poor quality of electric energy and the like. Compared with the novel energy, the nuclear energy has the obvious advantages of cleanness, low carbon, high energy density, durability, stability and the like, and has huge development value and good development potential.
As a new clean energy source, nuclear energy, is widely applied to the fields of nuclear power, military, education, scientific research, medical treatment and the like, but the pollution caused by nuclear radiation also becomes a large environmental problem for human beings. Radiation pollution has become the fourth largest pollution following water pollution, atmospheric pollution, noise pollution. When people are exposed to radiation, radiation disease symptoms of fatigue, dizziness, leukemia and the like can appear in different degrees, even the incidence rate of cancer, distortion and genetic lesion can be increased, and the health of the people is seriously influenced; exposure of plants to excessive radiation induces mutations in the chromosomal DNA of plant cells, resulting in aberrant and strange plants, which in turn leads to plant death. In order to realize the maximization of the nuclear reaction life, the advanced nuclear reaction materials and the three challenges of safe and efficient utilization of the nuclear reaction materials, a novel, efficient and safe radiation-proof material is urgently needed. The radiation-proof material is concerned with the safe shielding of radiation pollution such as nuclear radiation and nuclear waste generated in the process of nuclear reaction production and use, is a key point and a difficulty in further development of nuclear science and technology, and is one of the prerequisites that nuclear technology is widely applied.
At present, the main shielding materials for protecting various rays include heavy metal lead plates, steel plates (balls and forgings), water, polymers, cement, concrete and the like. Wherein, heavy metal lead plates, steel plates (balls and forgings) and polymers have higher cost and are not suitable for construction; although the cost of water is low, the water is not suitable for processing, forming and controlling; in comparison, cement and concrete are low in cost and good in construction performance, and are ideal materials for radiation protection. However, in high-latitude and high-cold areas, nuclear power concrete is easy to damage a concrete structure due to low temperature, so that nuclear radiation and even nuclear waste are leaked, environmental pollution is caused, and the health of people is influenced. Therefore, the radiation-proof nuclear power concrete which can resist high and cold and is suitable for cold areas in high latitude areas is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for a high-latitude area, which has the advantages of extremely strong radiation-proof performance, compact structure, high frost resistance, high cement density and capability of effectively preventing aggregate segregation, and hydration products contain a large amount of crystal water, can protect and absorb X-ray, gamma-ray and neutron radiation and have excellent frost resistance.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15-30% of boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 5-15% of water, 20-40% of fine aggregate, 35-65% of coarse aggregate and 0.11-1% of additive.
The boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement clinker comprises the following mineral phases in percentage by mass: 48-65% of barium calcium sulphoaluminate, 5-17% of dicalcium ferrite, 15-20% of dicalcium silicate, 8-15% of barium aluminate and 3-8% of calcium borate.
The raw material oxide of the cement clinker comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 18-35% of CaO, 20-35% of BaO and Fe2O31.3～3.5％、Al2O3 25～38％、B2O3 1.2～3.0％、SO3 6～12％、SiO2 5～9％。
The coarse aggregate is one or a combination of more of limonite, magnetite and witherite, and the size of the coarse aggregate is 10-30 mm.
The fine aggregate is one or a combination of more of ground barite powder, limonite sand and barium slag, and the size of the fine aggregate is 0.5-5 mm.
The additive is composed of a coagulation regulator and a water reducing agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-50, wherein the coagulation regulator is boric acid, and the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
The solid content of the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is not lower than 20%, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 20%.
The raw materials and the detection method of the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas meet the relevant standards of GB/T34008-. The cement has extremely strong radiation protection performance and compact structure, the hydration product contains a large amount of crystal water, can protect and absorb X rays, gamma rays and neutron radiation, has excellent frost resistance, has high density and can effectively prevent aggregate segregation. The doped coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are specially designed for radiation-proof concrete, contain boron, barium and a large amount of light elements, have strong absorption and shielding effects on alpha, beta, gamma, X-rays and neutron rays, and can be well applied to nuclear power engineering in high-latitude and high-cold areas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas has strong absorption and shielding effects on alpha, beta, gamma, X rays and neutron rays due to the fact that the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete contains a large amount of boron, barium, a large amount of light elements and crystal water; the heat conductivity coefficient of the magnetite ore, the iron ore and the witherite in the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate is high, so that heat generated by nuclear radiation can be well transferred out, and the influence of the heat on a concrete structure is avoided; the boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement used in the invention has good frost resistance, contains rich barium elements and boron elements, contains a large amount of crystal water in hydration products, can effectively shield and absorb gamma rays, X rays and neutron rays, has high density, and can effectively avoid the segregation phenomenon of heavy aggregate. In conclusion, the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas is excellent nuclear power concrete suitable for nuclear power engineering buildings of the high-latitude and high-cold areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
In order to better study the performance of the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas, the inventor designs a plurality of groups of embodiments with different proportions, and the specific batching mass composition is shown in table 1. The used raw materials and the detection method both accord with the relevant standards of GB/T34008-. The concrete workability and freezing resistance test results are shown in tables 2 and 3. In addition, two concrete test panels were prepared according to the formulation ratio of Table 1, having a size of 300 mm. times.300 mm. times.150 mm and a size of 300 mm. times.300 mm. times.100 mm, respectively. Irradiating the sample with gamma ray, detecting and calculating the thickness delta of semi-attenuation layer1/2The linear absorption coefficient μ, the experimental results compared with the ordinary concrete, is shown in table 4.
TABLE 1 concrete compounding table
Figure BDA0001942806810000031
TABLE 2 working Properties of concrete
Figure BDA0001942806810000032
TABLE 3 Frost resistance of the concrete
Figure BDA0001942806810000033
TABLE 4 concrete shielded Gamma ray test
Figure BDA0001942806810000034
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas has good working performance and apparent density of 3500kg/m3The coating has excellent freezing resistance, and is suitable for construction of buildings in high-latitude areas. As can be seen from Table 4, for the same gamma source, the radiation intensity of the gamma source is attenuated by half, the thickness of the common concrete No. 4 is required to be 6.12-6.21 cm, and the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high latitude area is only required to be 2.92-3.10 cm, so that the gamma radiation resistance of the radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high latitude area is outstanding. In conclusion, the invention has excellent freezing resistance and radiation resistance and is suitable for the construction of nuclear power engineering in high latitude areas.

Claims (3)

1. The radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high-latitude areas is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15-30% of boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement clinker, 5-15% of water, 20-40% of fine aggregate, 35-65% of coarse aggregate and 0.11-1% of additive;
the coarse aggregate is one or a combination of more of limonite, magnetite and witherite, and the size of the coarse aggregate is 10-30 mm;
the fine aggregate is one or a combination of more of ground barite powder, limonite sand and barium slag, and the size of the fine aggregate is 0.5-5 mm;
the additive is composed of a coagulation regulator and a water reducing agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-50, wherein the coagulation regulator is boric acid, and the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent;
the boron-containing barium-rich sulphoaluminate cement clinker comprises the following mineral phases in percentage by mass: 48-65% of barium calcium sulphoaluminate, 5-17% of dicalcium ferrite, 15-20% of dicalcium silicate, 8-15% of barium aluminate and 3-8% of calcium borate.
2. The radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high latitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the raw material oxide of the cement clinker comprises, by mass: 18-35% of CaO, 20-35% of BaO and Fe2O3 1.3～3.5％、Al2O3 25～38％、B2O3 1.2～3.0％、SO3 6～12％、SiO2 5～9％。
3. The radiation-proof sulphoaluminate cement-based nuclear power concrete for the high latitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is not less than 20%, and the water reducing rate is not less than 20%.
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