CN109583575B - Processing method for improving instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method for improving instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning, which comprises the steps of (1) carrying out ADC sampling on a distortion signal passing through a non-ideal analyzer radio frequency receiver to obtain a sequence y, introducing a feedforward neural network to compensate hardware distortion of y (2) analyzing the data sequence y according to the modulation type of the signal and the position of a corresponding constellation diagram, estimating symbol sequence data s to be transmitted by the signal, and estimating error epsilon according to a multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with L layers; (3) Obtaining an MLP output layer through an activation function according to the multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with the L layer; (4) And correcting the output result of the MLP output layer by y to obtain a final measurement symbol. (5) The weighting set of the MLP is obtained by training the data set and training using the back propagation algorithm BP. By adopting the method, the mathematical characteristics of the distortion of the receiver of the instrument are fitted, and the distortion is corrected, so that the characteristics of the original input signal can be reserved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of instruments and meters, in particular to the field of error correction of instruments and meters, and specifically relates to a processing method for improving analysis performance of instrument vector signals based on deep learning.
Background
The invention belongs to the technical field of instruments and meters. The method mainly relates to the relevant application fields of correcting the systematic errors of vector signal analysis instruments to improve the measurement accuracy. The method is particularly used for correcting and balancing the vector measurement result of the measuring instrument based on a deep learning method, so that the influence of the system error of the measuring instrument on the vector measurement performance is made up, and the accuracy of the vector signal analysis measurement result is improved.
Measuring instruments to which the present invention is applicable include, but are not limited to, vector signal analyzers (Vector Signal Analyzer), vector measurements including, but not limited to, error vector magnitude (Error Vector Magnitude, EVM).
Vector signal analysis is widely used in wireless communication device testing. Instruments supporting vector signal analysis functions typically include a radio frequency receiving module (e.g., amplifier, mixer, filter, etc.), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a digital signal processing unit (e.g., DSP, FPGA, CPU, GPU). The most typical instrument with the vector signal analysis function is a vector signal analyzer, and communication instruments such as a terminal comprehensive tester and a base station comprehensive tester generally have the vector signal analysis function.
In general, a digital modulation signal is demodulated to obtain two components of a real part (denoted as I) and an imaginary part (denoted as Q), symbol information included in the signal is obtained through processing such as symbol synchronization, phase difference correction, frequency difference correction, and the like, and the symbols are plotted on an orthogonal coordinate diagram with the I component as the abscissa and the Q component as the ordinate, thereby obtaining a so-called constellation diagram. Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are constellation diagrams of a QPSK modulation mode, where each data point on the constellation diagram is concentrated near 4 reference points, as shown in fig. 1, under the conditions of better signal quality and smaller distortion; when the signal quality is poor and the distortion is serious, the data points may deviate from the reference points, and the positions are relatively scattered, for example, as shown in fig. 2. We can determine the quality of the signal by analyzing the vector distance between the measurement point and the reference point, usually using the error vector magnitude (Error Vector Magnitude, EVM) to represent the vector difference between the actual signal and the reference point. The EVM measures an important parameter of the quality of the modulated signal, and includes both the amplitude error and the phase error of the signal.
Distortion of the modulated signal typically results from imperfections in the radio frequency circuit itself, such as IQ imbalance, frequency response non-flatness within the signal passband, phase noise, etc. The vector signal analyzer is one of the most commonly used instruments for measuring the EVM of the signal, however, the radio frequency receiving circuit of the vector signal analyzer itself also has the problems described above, and brings additional distortion to the measured signal, so that the measurement result of the EVM is affected, and especially for the 5G and the ultra-large bandwidth signals of the future communication system, the effects are remarkable. In order to measure the accurate EVM index, the vector signal analyzer is very difficult to design and optimize the rf receiving hardware, so that adding a compensation algorithm for the distortion of the rf hardware in the process of digital signal processing becomes a necessary task.
In order to compensate the signal distortion condition as shown in fig. 2, it is common practice to use a comb spectrum generator to transmit a multitone signal with a plurality of sine waves superimposed to a signal receiver, the receiver receives and collects the multitone signal and compares the multitone signal with the original signal to obtain power and phase variation at each sine wave frequency point, the radio frequency circuit of the receiver is modeled by means of the data to obtain frequency response and phase variation in the passband of the radio frequency circuit, and then the analyzer receiving circuit is equalized and compensated. However, this method has the disadvantage that in order to obtain the frequency response variation everywhere in the passband of the receiver, the power and phase condition of each spectral line of the comb spectrum need to be known accurately, which is generally difficult to obtain, and is generally used in measurement calibration with particularly high requirements on accuracy and traceability, and has high complexity and high calibration cost.
Because of the complexity and computational difficulties of current distortion compensation correction methods, there is a need to find a simpler method. The Neural Network (NN) is a mathematical model built by imitating a biological nervous system connection structure, is a very popular mathematical tool which is widely applied at present, can solve a plurality of complex problems, and has very outstanding information processing capability, in particular capability of processing inaccurate information and fuzzy information. The behavior of a neural network is determined by a series of parameters, which are typically obtained through training and learning. In recent years, with the development of deep learning technology, neural networks have begun to play an increasing role in various fields. The invention adopts a neural network to correct vector measurement errors of the instrument based on an algorithm architecture of deep learning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a processing method which is used for avoiding excessive correction, keeping the original characteristics unchanged, and improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on deep learning, and is convenient and practical.
In order to achieve the above object, the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Performing ADC (analog-to-digital converter) sampling on a distortion signal passing through a non-ideal analyzer radio frequency receiver to obtain a sequence y, and introducing a feedforward neural network to compensate hardware distortion of the sequence y;
(2) Analyzing the data sequence y according to the modulation type of the signal and the position of the corresponding constellation diagram, estimating symbol sequence data s to be transmitted by the signal, and estimating errors according to a multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with L layers
；
(3) Obtaining an MLP output layer through an activation function according to the multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with the L layer;
(4) Correcting y to obtain a final measurement symbol according to the output result of the MLP output layer;
(5) The weighting set of the MLP is obtained by training the data set and training using the back propagation algorithm BP.
Preferably, the output layer of the first layer in the obtained MLP in the step (2) is specifically:
the output layer of the first layer in the MLP is derived according to the following formula:
wherein,,
for the output vector of each layer, +.>
For all parameters within the MLPSet of->
。
Preferably, the second layer to the L-1 layer in the obtained MLP in the step (2) are hidden layers of the network.
Preferably, the step (2) of obtaining the second layer to the L-1 layer in the MLP specifically includes:
the second layer to L-1 layer in the MLP is derived according to the following equation:
；
wherein,,
for the output vector of each layer, +.>
For the set of all parameters within the MLP, +.>
。
Preferably, the activation function in the step (3) is
。
Preferably, the step (3) of obtaining the MLP output layer specifically includes:
the MLP output layer is derived according to the following formula:
；
wherein,,
for the output vector of each layer, +.>
For the set of all parameters within the MLP, +.>
Is of each layerWeights of the inter-linear connection.
Preferably, the said
Providing a weight of +.>
Is a linear transformation of (a).
Preferably, the final measurement symbol obtained in the step (4) is specifically:
the final measurement symbol is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein,,
，/>
，/>
。
preferably, the training of the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set in the step (5) is specifically:
training the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set according to the following formula:
wherein,,
and->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth distortion-containing data, respectively, +.>
And->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth ideal transmission data, respectively,/->
And->
Representing the real and imaginary parts of the error of the mth data, respectively, M representing the size of the training data set.
By adopting the processing method for improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on the deep learning, the invention realizes the correction of the distortion characteristic of the instrument. By means of the good fitting capacity of the neural network, mathematical characteristics of the distortion of the receiver of the instrument are fitted, and the distortion is corrected. Excessive correction of the signal is avoided. Only the distortion caused by the instrument receiver is corrected, and the characteristics of the original input signal can be reserved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a QPSK constellation diagram with better signal quality and dense data point distribution according to the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning.
Fig. 2 is a QPSK constellation diagram with poor signal quality and scattered data points according to the processing method for improving the vector signal analysis performance of the apparatus based on deep learning of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a correction method of a vector signal analyzer based on a processing method for improving the analysis performance of an instrument vector signal based on deep learning.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a neural network constructed by the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a convergence process of neural network training based on the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning.
Fig. 6 is a real machine test result of a constellation diagram without neural network correction based on the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning.
Fig. 7 is a real machine test result of a constellation diagram corrected by a neural network based on the processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance by deep learning.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the technical contents of the present invention, a further description will be made below in connection with specific embodiments.
The processing method for improving the instrument vector signal analysis performance based on deep learning comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing ADC (analog-to-digital converter) sampling on a distortion signal passing through a non-ideal analyzer radio frequency receiver to obtain a sequence y, and introducing a feedforward neural network to compensate hardware distortion of the sequence y;
(2) Analyzing the data sequence y according to the modulation type of the signal and the position of the corresponding constellation diagram, estimating symbol sequence data s to be transmitted by the signal, and estimating errors according to a multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with L layers
；
(3) Obtaining an MLP output layer through an activation function according to the multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with the L layer;
(4) Correcting y to obtain a final measurement symbol according to the output result of the MLP output layer;
(5) The weight set of the MLP is obtained by training the data set using the back propagation algorithm BP.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the output layer of the first layer in the derived MLP in the step (2) is specifically:
the output layer of the first layer in the MLP is derived according to the following formula:
wherein,,
for the output vector of each layer, +.>
For the set of all parameters within the MLP, +.>
。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second layer to the L-1 layer in the derived MLP in the step (2) are hidden layers of the network.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second layer to the L-1 layer in the derived MLP in the step (2) is specifically:
the second layer to L-1 layer in the MLP is derived according to the following equation:
wherein,,
for the output vector of each layer, +.>
For the set of all parameters within the MLP, +.>
。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the activation function in the step (3) is
。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the MLP output layer in the step (3) specifically includes:
the MLP output layer is derived according to the following formula:
wherein,,
output for each layerVector (S)>
For the set of all parameters within the MLP, +.>
Is the weight of the linear connection between the layers.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
Providing weights as
Is a linear transformation of (a).
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final measurement symbol obtained in the step (4) is specifically:
the final measurement symbol is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein,,
，/>
，/>
。
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the training of the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set in the step (5) specifically includes:
training the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set according to the following formula:
wherein,,
and->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth distortion-containing data, respectively, +.>
And->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth ideal transmission data, respectively,/->
And->
Representing the real and imaginary parts of the error of the mth data, respectively, M representing the size of the training data set.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the neural network is used for correcting the vector error of the measuring instrument, and the method is convenient and fast to realize. Meanwhile, the signal is not excessively corrected, the original characteristics of the input signal are kept unchanged, and the purpose of measurement is achieved.
The invention provides a method for obtaining instrument vector measurement errors by using a neural network and eliminating the errors based on deep learning. Taking a signal analyzer as an example, constructing a neural network, during training, fitting a modulating signal input to the signal analyzer to the distortion of a receiving circuit of the signal analyzer, inputting current and previous continuous time data to the neural network, training the neural network to fit the mathematical characteristics of the signal distortion of a radio frequency circuit, and outputting an error vector of the time. When in actual use, the error vector of the instrument is obtained to the neural network according to the input current time signal, and then the error vector is subtracted from the original signal to restore to obtain the original input signal.
Neural network-based vector signal analysis correction scheme as shown in fig. 3, signals originating from a device under test (Device under test, DUT)
Through irrational treatmentThe wanted analyzer radio frequency receiving circuit is distorted, then the sequence y is obtained after ADC acquisition, and the feedforward neural network is introduced to compensate the hardware distortion of y.
Based on the modulation type of the signal and the position of the corresponding constellation, the data sequence y is first parsed to estimate symbol data s to be transmitted by the signal, as shown in fig. 4, the symbol sequence s is provided to a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network having L layers to estimate errors
. We use +.>
To represent the mapping relation between input and output, and input real number vector
Then L layers of operations are carried out to obtain real number vector output +.>
Wherein->
Comprising N 0 Real and imaginary parts of the complex values, +.>
Comprising a real part and an imaginary part of a complex value. We use +.>
To represent a set of all parameters within the MLP, and
to represent the output vector of each layer, the output layer of the first layer:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
. This model needs to take into accountN before the current data 0 -1 symbol. The second layer to L-1 layer are hidden layers of the network, their output definition:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
，/>
Representing the mapping from layer L-1 to layer L. The form of this map is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Is the weight of the linear connection between the layers, +.>
Is an additional bias of the respective connection node, +.>
It is the activation function of the individual nodes that introduces a non-linear transformation. In this model, bias is set>
Selecting an activation function as a sigmoid function +.>
The L-th layer, i.e., the MLP output layer, is denoted as:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Providing a weight of +.>
Finally we use the result of the MLP output to correct y and then get the final measured sign
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
，/>
，/>
Note that each of the magnitudes described above contains real and imaginary parts of complex valued symbols, with the two component instruments representing the positions of the constellation points.
Weighting set of MLP
Is updated continuously during the training process by M training data sets, wherein the training process is to make the loss function L (W) continuously converged
The back propagation algorithm (BP) is used here, and the update of the weight is calculated based on gradient descent, which is an algorithm commonly used in deep learning.
The method is used for correcting the data of the measuring instrument, firstly, the data with smaller distortion is input to the measuring instrument for training, and as the training frequency increases, the EVM value gradually decreases, the signal distortion is smaller and smaller, and the output of the neural network gradually converges. After training, the neural network is checked for correction, and compared with the uncorrected result, fig. 6 shows the uncorrected constellation, fig. 7 shows the corrected constellation, and it can be seen that the distortion is removed and the signal quality is improved.
By adopting the processing method for improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on the deep learning, the invention realizes the correction of the distortion characteristic of the instrument. By means of the good fitting capacity of the neural network, mathematical characteristics of the distortion of the receiver of the instrument are fitted, and the distortion is corrected. Excessive correction of the signal is avoided. Only the distortion caused by the instrument receiver is corrected, and the characteristics of the original input signal can be reserved.
In this specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will be apparent, however, that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Claims (3)
1. The processing method for improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on the deep learning is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Performing ADC (analog-to-digital converter) sampling on a distortion signal passing through a non-ideal analyzer radio frequency receiver to obtain a sequence y, and introducing a feedforward neural network to compensate hardware distortion of the sequence y;
(2) Analyzing the data sequence y according to the modulation type of the signal and the position of the corresponding constellation diagram, estimating symbol sequence data s to be transmitted by the signal, and estimating errors according to a multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with L layers
；
(3) Obtaining an MLP output layer through an activation function according to the multi-layer perceptron neural network MLP with the L layer;
(4) Correcting y to obtain a final measurement symbol according to the output result of the MLP output layer;
(5) Training a weight set of the MLP through a training data set and using a back propagation algorithm BP;
the output layer of the first layer in the obtained MLP in the step (2) specifically is:
the output layer of the first layer in the MLP is derived according to the following formula:
wherein,,
，/>
inputting the number of symbols of data for an input layer;
the second layer to the L-1 layer in the MLP obtained in the step (2) are hidden layers of the network;
the second layer to the L-1 layer in the MLP obtained in the step (2) are specifically:
the second layer to L-1 layer in the MLP is derived according to the following equation:
wherein,,
；
the activation function in step (3) is
Where u is the argument of the activation function σ (u);
the MLP output layer obtained in the step (3) is specifically:
the MLP output layer is derived according to the following formula:
wherein,,
is the weight of the linear connection between the layers, +.>
The input number of the first layer is the number of network nodes of the first layer;
the said process
Providing a weight of +.>
Is a linear transformation of (a).
2. The method for improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on the deep learning according to claim 1, wherein the final measurement symbol obtained in the step (4) is specifically:
the final measurement symbol is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein,,
is->
，/>
Is->
，/>
Is->
。
3. The method for improving the analysis performance of the instrument vector signal based on the deep learning according to claim 1, wherein the training of the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set in the step (5) is specifically:
training the weight set of the MLP by the M training data set according to the following formula:
wherein,,
and->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth distortion-containing data, respectively, +.>
And->
Representing the real part and the imaginary part of the mth ideal transmission data, respectively,/->
And->
Representing the real and imaginary parts of the error of the mth data, respectively, M representing the size of the training data set.
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| CN108037520A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-15 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 | Direct deviations modification method based on neutral net under the conditions of array amplitude phase error |
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